Of Los County of Los Angeles Civil Grand Jury Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center 210 West Temple Street •

Most cities expended more than they received in revenues during FY 2011-12. Response to Finding 1: The City of Hidden Hills did not expend more than it received in Fiscal Year 2011-12 (See page 104 of Report). The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not most cities in Los Angeles County expended more than they received in fiscal year 2011-12 and, therefore, has no basis for commenting further on this finding.

Most cities' total net assets and general fund balances declined during FY 2011-12, and several cities' ratios of total net assets to total liabilities are lower than desirable. Response to Finding 2: The City of Hidden Hills' net assets (ratio of assets to liabilities) was above the ideal ratio of 2.0 noted in the Grand Jury report (See page 108 of Report) in both 2010-11 (10.54 ratio) and 2011-12 (12.22). The City of Hidden Hills has not studied the net assets and fund balances of other cities in Los Angeles County and, therefore, has no basis for commenting further on this finding. Presiding Judge Response to Grand Jury Report September 10, 2013 Page 3 Grand Jury Findings in the Area of Governance Practices

Most city councils have established specific goals for executives at least annually. e 12 1.1 Presiding Judge Response to Grand Jury Report September 10, 2013 Page 4 Response to Finding 4: The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not most cities in Los Angeles County have established specific annual goals for executives and, therefore, has no basis for commenting on this finding.

Most cities have adopted a "Conflict of Interest" code. Response to Finding 5: The City of Hidden Hills has adopted a "Conflict of Interest" code. The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not most cities in Los Angeles County have adopted a "Conflict of Interest" code and, therefore, has no basis for further commenting on this finding. Finding 6: Most cities have adopted an "Investment" Policy. Response to Finding 6: The City of Hidden Hills has adopted an Investment Policy. The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not most cities in Los Angeles County have adopted an Investment Policy and, therefore, has no basis for further commenting on this finding.

Most cities did not have a formal internal audit function. Response to Finding 6: The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not other cities in Los Angeles County have a formal internal audit function and, therefore, has no basis for further commenting on this finding

Most cities published their financial reports or CAFR to their website. Response to Finding 7: The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not most cities in Los Angeles County publish their financial reports or CAFR to their website and, therefore, has no basis for commenting on this finding. Presiding Judge Response to Grand Jury Report September 10, 2013 Page 5 Grand Jury Findings in the Area of Financial Management Practices

All cities maintained an adequate accounting system. Most issued timely financial statements and a CAFR in compliance with standards, and most made the CAFR readily accessible to the general public on their website. Presiding Judge Response to Grand Jury Report September 10, 2013 Page 7 Response to Finding 8: The City of Hidden Hills maintains an adequate accounting system and issues timely financial statements. The City of Hidden Hills has not studied whether or not other cities in Los Angeles County maintain an adequate accounting system, issue timely financial statements and a CAFR in compliance with standards, and make the CAFR readily accessible to the general public on their website and, therefore, has no basis for further commenting on this finding. Grand Jury Recommendations in the Area of Fiscal Health

The respondent agrees with the finding.

The respondent disagrees wholly with or partially with the finding, in which case the response shall specify the portion of the finding that is disputed and shall include an explanation of the reason therefore. *Per the request of the Civil Grand Jury, Cities' responses to the findings of the Final Report must use one of the numbered actions listed above and subsequent rationale (i.e., the respondent agrees with the finding). Accordingly, staff's responses to the findings below are on behalf of the City of Burbank (i.e., the responses reflect the current policies, practices, accomplishments, etc., of the City of Burbank and, therefore, do not speak for the practices of other cities) and will include the appropriate number from the key above and supporting rationale/ comments. Fiscal Health (pg. 130): Most cities expended more than they received in revenues during FY 2011-12. The respondent agrees with the finding.

All cities stated they have a formal policy agreement, or other documents that define the roles of city council and city executive. The respondent agrees with the finding.

Most city councils have established specific goals for executives at least annually. The respondent agrees with the finding.

Most cities have adopted a "Conflict of Interest" code. The respondent agrees with the finding.

Most cities have adopted an "Investment" policy.

Most cities published their financial reports or CAFR to their website. The respondent agrees with the finding.

All cities maintained an adequate accounting system. Most issued timely financial statements and a CAFR in compliance with standards, and most made the CAFR readily accessible to the general public on their website. The respondent agrees with the finding.

What PERS formulas does the City of Claremont have? a. "Miscellaneous" employees (non-Police Officers) have a 2.5% @ age 55 formula b. "Safety" employees (Police Officers) have a 3% @ age 50 formula (with a maximum of 90%)

How do the PERS formulas work? (i.e. What does 2.5% @ 55 mean?) a. The first number of 2.5% is the percentage used to calculate the employee's percentage of his/her salary. The 55 is the minimum age an employee can be to receive the maximum benefit. b. A PERS pension benefit is calculated by multiplying the formula percentage (2.5%) by the number of years of service in the PERS system (25 years), and then multiplying that by the single highest year salary ($75,000). Example A: Jim is a Planner (Miscellaneous) who worked for Claremont for 25 years when he retired at age 56. His salary when he retired was $75,000. 2.5\% \times 25 \text{ Years} = 62.5\% 62.5% x $75,000 = $46,875 in annual retirement benefits

How does the City pay for PERS? a. The City pays PERS based on formulae as a percentage of each employee's salary. The chart on the following page shows how these percentages are calculated. b. ORGANIZATIONAL PERS COST (see ORANGE BOX): There are two sets of numbers that PERS provides the City for calculating the rates. The first number is the current employees' estimated cost (see left box in the top orange box). This is the actuarially determined amount needed this year for current employees to fully fund the retirement of employees, based on a set of actuarial assumptions related to employee demographics and salary. Actuarial assumptions of investment returns are also factored into the amount required to fund retirements. The second number (see white middle boxes in top orange box) provided by PERS is a combination of the investment gains or losses that are more or less than the actuarial assumptions of the past and the additional cost in paying retirement costs on employees who retire from another organization at a significantly higher salary than they were paid in Claremont (...FAQ #4 below will explain this in more detail). The combination of these two numbers from PERS give the total amount the City of Claremont will need to pay PERS. c. EMPLOYEE SHARE (see PURPLE BOX): The "Employee" share is a set percentage of 8% (Miscellaneous) or 9% (Safety) of salary that is to be paid to PERS. This percentage is static and is not adjusted to balance changes in benefits or investments of PERS. The Employee share can be paid for by either the employee or by the employer. The City of Claremont currently pays the "Employee" share for the employee. d. EMPLOYER SHARE (see BLUE BOX): The "Employer" share is a variable percentage that varies to fill the gap between the estimated costs and the payments of the set "Employee" share. The variable percentage is based on the remaining cost divided by that total payroll. (.. The current percentages are shown in the lower left hand box in the blue box.) This percentage is then multiplied by the current salary to give the cost for each employee. e. INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEE COST (see AQUA BOX): The cost the City pays to PERS is calculated by adding the "Employee" share and "Employer" share to generate the total cost per employee.

How do former Claremont employees who "resign" from their position in Claremont and then "retire" at a higher rate with a different employer impact Claremont's PERS costs? Example B: Jim is a Planner (Miscellaneous) who worked for Claremont for 20 years (with a single highest salary in Claremont of $75,000/year) when he leaves for a higher paying job at a different city. His new salary at his new job is $185,000 (which is a significant jump in pay). After five years at the new job and at the new pay rate, he retires at age 56. Claremont % 2.5% x 20 Years = 50% (This means that Claremont is responsible for 50% of Jim's total 62.5 %.) Total Retirement Jim's pension payout is calculated by the 62.5% x his single highest year ($185,000), meaning his annual retirement benefit is $115,625. Retirement Gap During Jim's time with Claremont, the PERS contribution for Jim was based on a retirement payout of $46,875, not the $115,625. The gap between the amounts paid previously to PERS for Jim's retirement and the actual cost of Jim's retirement is calculated into the total organizational cost for PERS to the City of Claremont.

How much flexibility is there in the overall costs of PERS to the City of Claremont? a. Formulas and benefits for currently retired employees cannot be changed under any circumstances under PERS. b. The easiest way to reduce the costs of PERS is to change the formula calculations. Changes to these formulas are not straight forward. Below are three different scenarios: The City can establish a 2-tier system under which new employees have a different PERS retirement formula (i.e. rather than the 2.5% @ 55, a 2% @ 60 or other formula). Implementing a 2-tier system must be negotiated with the affected bargaining groups. No changes can be made to the formula and calculations for current employees for the years they have already served in the PERS system. Changes can be made to current employee formulas for future years of service; however, this requires negotiations with various our employee unions. Any changes to the PERS formulas for employees have to apply to all "Miscellaneous" employees and/or all "Safety" employees. Because Claremont has multiple unions within the PERS categories, negotiating a change in the "Miscellaneous" employee formula would require the concurrence of five unions. Any changes to the "Safety" formula would require the concurrence of two public safety unions. The cost savings associated with the implementation of a second tier would most likely not be realized for several years, and the amount of the savings would depend on factors related to employee turnover. Page 47 safety employees to pay the Pension Obligation Bonds (approx. $400,000 total cost annually) Rev: Sept. '10 Total PERS Cost in $/Employee Total City Cost Due to Employee Share in $/ Employee PERS Employer Rate as a Percentage of ($2,434,971) Employer Share in $/ Employee PERS Payroll Exceeding Prior Retiree Costs Payments PERS Rate Calculation Chart ndividual Employee Cost Employee Share Employer Share Employer Share in $/ Total City Estimated Payroll Current Salary ($848,077) Employee Salary Losses/Gains Investment mega. Employee Share in $/ Employee Current: Safety 19.094%*; Misc. 14.365% Chart Employer Rate (variable) 8% Misc., 9% Safety Total City Cost Less *Additional 11% charged on Appendix F: PERS Flow Employee Share Current Employees' Estimated Costs ($1.586.894) Appendix G: Q1 2010 Sales Tax Info City of Claremont Sales Tax Update Second Joseph Reserve for First Quarter Salar flow May 2010). Claremont SALES TAX BY MAJOR BUSINESS GROUP In Brief $240,000 fair Colombia 2009 Receipts for Claremont's January $385 000 through March sales were 3.8% low- et Duarter 2010 er than the same quarter one year $140,000 ago. Actual sales activity was down 2.7% when reporting aberrations were factored out. 5129 600 Auto sales and leases posted loss- es aong with contractor supplies 180,000 and specialty stores. A previous business closure contributed to the decrease from light industrial/print- $40.200 ers. Higher fuel prices helbed boost $6 service station receipts. In addition. Autos Restaurants Firet and Ganeral Food Businese Sulding women's apparel jewery stores. and and Service Consumer 924 and and restaurants with beer/wine and res- Liansportation Hotels Stations Grands Drugs industry Construction taurants liquor experienced strong sales Adjusted for aberrations, taxable TOP 25 PRODUCERS in Alphabetical Order REVENUE COMPARISON sales for all of Los Angeles County Four Quarters - Fiscal Year to Date increased 0.3% over the compara- Advanced Color Phoenix Marketing Graphics. ble time period, while the Southern Services California region as a whole was up Al Sal Oil Platform 2008-09 2009-10 0.5%. Enterprises All American Gas Press Restaurant Point-of-Sale Back Abbey $2,906,514 $2,344,543 Richard Hibtard Buca di Beppo County Pool Chevrolet 326,233 246,920 Claremont Mobil Sprouts Farmers Claremont Shell State Pool 1,360 2,043 Market Claremont Toyola Stater Bros Gross Receipts $3,234,116 Doubletree Hotel $2,593,50% Toyota Motor Credit Follett Higher Educ Corporation Liess Triple Flip* $(808,529) $(648,371) Group Trader Joes Inland Chevron Tutti Mangia Italian La Parolaccia Grill *Petrobotived from county comparisoner find Osteria Vons Marie Callenders Walters Coffee McDonalds Shop Published by The Hdt. Companies in Summer 2010 www.hdlcompanies.com 1 883.861.0220 City of Claremont Sales Tax Update Q1 2010 Statewide Results with one or more "transactions tax" cal year as inventory rebuilding winds Adjusted for accounting aberrations, down and various federal stimulus and districts to 78 cities and 27 counties. California's local sales and use rax rev- tax incentive programs are phased out. While sales tax is collected on all pur- enues from the first quarter of 2010 Overall year-end gains are expected to chases and allocated to where the sale were 1.1% higher than the same quar- be modest except in jurisdictions ben- is negotiated, the local "transactions ter one year ago. This marks the first cfitting from new development or spe- tax" is collected and distributed for year-over-year gain in statewide sales cific business/retail segments. purchases in only the levying jurisdic- in two and one-half years. The current consensus is that Cali- tion where the goods are delivered, For most agencies, the increase came fornia's fiscal problems, high unem- consumed or registered. almost exclusively from the 33% re- ployment and a continued slump in A dozen agencies are considering simi- covery in fuel prices since first quar- construction activity make significant lar measures for the November 2010 ter 2009. An early Easter also helped ballot. recovery in tax revenues unlikely be- boost receipts from discount depart- fore 2012-2013. SALES PER CAPITA ment stores and value priced apparel Local Add-On Sales Tax while year-end bonuses, the prior Measures Approved stock market fally and manufacturer All six proposals for sales tax add- incentives produced auto sales gains in $4,000 ons were approved in June as voters some high income communities. continued to exhibit an openness to Geographically, the central and north- $3,000 financing services in their immediate ern coastal areas of California did bet- communities where they have more $2,000 ter than the rest of the state. How- input and control. ever, the only solid across-the-board $1,000 New taxes were approved in the cit- increases occurred in a few areas sur- ies of Calexico, Cathedral City, Cotati, rounding the technology centers of $0 Robnert Park and Woodland. Davis Silicon Valley. approved continuation of an existing 97 63 99 10 Projections for a tax that was about to sunset. County California Claremont Tepid Recovery Continue This brings the number of agencies Statewide, declines in local sales and use tax revenues are generally thought CLAREMONT TOP 15 BUSINESS TYPES to have "bottomed out" and expecta- Clarement HdL State County tions are for moderate gains in local Buriness Type 01'10 Change Change Change allocations over the next two quarters. New Motor Vehicle Dealers

ENTERPRISE FUNDS: Sanitation: Α. Fees are charged for residential and commercial refuse collection, street sweeping and bin rental services. Overhead is charged to this fund based on the staff time and resources that are spent in the indirect administration of programs (i.e. personnel, payroll, city management, city attorney, etc.). For the Sanitation Fund, approximately $1.75 million is transferred to the General Fund annually in overhead charges and Debt service on the City Yard facility. Sewer: В. Fees are charged for sewer services. Overhead is charged to this fund based on the staff time and resources that are spent in the indirect administration of the program (i.e. personnel, payroll, city management, city attorney, etc.). For the Sewer Fund, approximately $216,000 is transferred to the General Fund annually in overhead charges and Debt service on the City Yard facility. C. Cemetery: Fees are charged for burial costs and perpetual care. Currently, there is no General Fund subsidy to any of the costs associated with the Cemetery. However, like our sewer and sanitation funds, overhead is charged to this fund based on the staff time and resources that are spent in the indirect administration of the program (i.e. personnel, payroll, city management, city attorney, etc.). For the Cemetery Fund, approximately $60,000 is transferred to the General Fund annually in overhead charges. Appendix I: Sales Tax, UUT and TOT rates from other cities Transaction and Use Tax Rates - LA/SB County Cities County Rate City 9.75% Los Angeles Acton 9.75% Los Angeles Agoura Los Angeles 9.75% Agoura Hills* 9.75% Los Angeles Agua Dulce Los Angeles 9.75% Alhambra* Los Angeles 9.75% Almondale Los Angeles 9.75% Alondra 9.75% Los Angeles Altadena 9.75% Los Angeles Antelope Acres 9.75% Arcadia* Los Angeles 9.75% Arleta (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles Artesia* 9.75% Athens Los Angeles Los Angeles 10.25% Avalon* Azusa* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles 9.75% Bailey Los Angeles 9.75% Baldwin Park* Los Angeles 9.75% Barrington 9.75% Los Angeles Bassett Los Angeles 9.75% Bel Air Estates 9.75% Los Angeles Bell Gardens* Los Angeles 9.75% Bell* 9:75% Bellflower* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles Beverly Hills* 9.75% Los Angeles Biola College (La Mirada*) Los Angeles 9.75% Bouquet Canyon (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% Bradbury* Los Angeles 9.75% Brents Junction Los Angeles 9.75% Brentwood (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Burbank* Los Angeles 9.75% Cabrillo Los Angeles 9.75% Calabasas Highlands Los Angeles 9.75% Calabasas Park 9.75% Calabasas* Los Angeles Los Angeles 9.75% Canoga Annex Los Angeles 9.75% Canoga Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Canyon Country (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% Carson* Los Angeles 9.75% Castaic 9.75% Los Angeles Cedar Los Angeles 9.75% Century City Los Angeles 9.75% Cerritos* 9.75% Los Angeles Charter Oak 9.75% Chatsworth (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles Los Angeles 9.75% City of Commerce* 9.75% Los Angeles City of Industry* Los Angeles 9.75% City Terrace Los Angeles 9.75% Claremont* Los Angeles 9.75% Cole Commerce* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles 9.75% Compton* Los Angeles 9.75% Cornell Los Angeles 9.75% Covina* Los Angeles 9.75% Crenshaw Los Angeles 9.75% Cudahy* Los Angeles 9.75% Culver City* Los Angeles 9.75% Del Sur 9.75% Los Angeles Diamond Bar* Los Angeles 9.75% Downey* Los Angeles 9.75% Duarte* Los Angeles 9.75% Eagle Rock (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% East Los Angeles Los Angeles 9.75% East Lynwood (Lynwood*) 9.75% Los Angeles East Rancho Dominguez Los Angeles 9.75% East San Pedro (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Eastgate 9.75% Los Angeles Echo Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 10.25% El Monte* Los Angeles 9.75% El Segundo* Los Angeles 9.75% Elizabeth Lake Los Angeles 9.75% Encino (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Flintridge (LaCanada/ Flintridge*) Los Angeles 9.75% Florence 9.75% Los Angeles Forest Park Los Angeles 9.75% Friendly Valley (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% Gardena* 9.75% Los Angeles Glassell Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Glendale* 9.75% Los Angeles Glendora* 9.75% Los Angeles Gorman Los Angeles 9.75% Granada Hills (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Green Valley Los Angeles 9.75% Hacienda Heights Los Angeles 9.75% Harbor City (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Hawaiian Gardens* 9.75% Hawthorne* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles Hazard 9.75% Los Angeles Hermosa Beach* Los Angeles 9.75% Hidden Hills* Los Angeles 9.75% Highland Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Hollywood (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Honby 9.75% Los Angeles Huntington Park* 9.75% Los Angeles Hyde Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Industry* Los Angeles 10.25% Inglewood* Los Angeles 9.75% Irwindale* Los Angeles 9.75% Kagel Canyon Los Angeles 9.75% L.A. Airport (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% La Canada- Flintridge* Los Angeles 9.75% La Crescenta Los Angeles 9.75% La Habra Heights* Los Angeles 9.75% La Mirada* Los Angeles 9.75% La Puente* Los Angeles 9.75% La Verne* Los Angeles 9.75% La Vina Los Angeles 9.75% Ladera Heights Los Angeles 9.75% Lake Hughes Los Angeles 9.75% Lake Los Angeles Los Angeles 9.75% Lakeview Terrace (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Lakewood* Los Angeles 9.75% Lancaster* Los Angeles 9.75% Lang 9.75% Los Angeles Lawndale* Los Angeles 9.75% Lennox Los Angeles 9.75% Leona Valley Los Angeles 9.75% Lincoln Heights (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Littlerock (Also Little Rock) 9.75% Los Angeles Liano Los Angeles 9.75% Lomita* Los Angeles 9.75% Long Beach* Los Angeles 9.75% Longview Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Nietos 9.75% Los Angeles Lugo Los Angeles 9.75% Lynwood* Los Angeles 9.75% Maclay Los Angeles 9.75% Malibu* Los Angeles 9.75% Manhattan Beach* Los Angeles 9.75% Mar Vista Los Angeles 9.75% Marcelina 9.75% Los Angeles Marina Del Rey Los Angeles 9.75% Maywood* Los Angeles 9.75% Mint Canyon Los Angeles 9.75% Mission Hills (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Moneta Los Angeles 9.75% Monrovia* 9.75% Los Angeles Montebello* 9.75% Los Angeles Monterey Park* 9.75% Los Angeles Montrose Los Angeles 9.75% Mount Wilson Los Angeles 9.75% Naples Los Angeles 9.75% Newhall (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% North Gardena Los Angeles 9.75% North Hills (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% North Hollywood (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Northridge (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Norwalk* 9.75% Los Angeles Oban Los Angeles 9.75% Olive View (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Pacific Palisades (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Pacoima (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Pallett Los Angeles 9.75% Palmdale* Los Angeles 9.75% Palos Verdes Estates* Los Angeles 9.75% Palos Verdes/Peninsula Los Angeles 9.75% Panorama City (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Paramount* Los Angeles 9.75% Pasadena* Los Angeles 9.75% Pearblossom Los Angeles 9.75% Pearland 9.75% Los Angeles Perry (Whittier*) Los Angeles 10.75% Pico Rivera* Los Angeles 9.75% Pinetree Los Angeles 9.75% Playa Del Rey (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Pomona* 9.75% Los Angeles Porter Ranch (Los Angeles*) Portuguese Bend (Rancho Palos Los Angeles 9.75% Verdes*) Los Angeles 9.75% Pt. Dume Los Angeles 9.75% Quartz Hill Los Angeles 9.75% Rancho Dominguez 9.75% Los Angeles Rancho Palos Verdes* 9.75% Los Angeles Rancho Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Ravenna Los Angeles 9.75% Redondo Beach* Los Angeles 9.75% Reseda (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Rimpau (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Rolling Hills Estates* 9.75% Los Angeles Rolling Hills* 9.75% Los Angeles Rose Bowl (Pasadena*) Los Angeles 9.75% Rosemead* 9.75% Los Angeles Rowland Heights Los Angeles 9.75% San Dimas* 9.75% San Fernando* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles San Gabriel* 9.75% Los Angeles San Marino* 9.75% Los Angeles San Pedro (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Santa Clarita* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles Santa Fe Springs* Los Angeles 9.75% Santa Monica* 9.75% Los Angeles Saugus (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% Sawtelle (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Seminole Hot Springs Los Angeles 9.75% Sepulveda (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Sherman Oaks (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Sierra Madre* 9.75% Los Angeles Signal Hill* 9.75% Los Angeles Sleepy Valley 9.75% Los Angeles Solemint 9.75% Los Angeles South El Monte* 10.75% Los Angeles South Gate* 9.75% Los Angeles South Pasadena* 9.75% South Whittier Los Angeles 9.75% Stevenson Ranch Los Angeles Los Angeles 9.75% Studio City (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Sulphur Springs Los Angeles 9.75% Sun Valley (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Sunland (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Sylmar (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Tarzana (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Temple City* Los Angeles 9.75% Terminal Island (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Toluca Lake (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Topanga (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Topanga Park (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Torrance* Los Angeles 9.75% Tujunga (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Universal City 9.75% Los Angeles Val Verde Park Los Angeles 9.75% Valencia (Santa Clarita*) Los Angeles 9.75% Valinda Los Angeles 9.75% Valley Village Los Angeles 9.75% Valyermo 9.75% Los Angeles Van Nuys (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Vasquez Rocks Los Angeles 9.75% Venice (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Verdugo City (Glendale*) 9.75% Los Angeles Vernon* Los Angeles 9.75% Veteran's Hospital (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles View Park Los Angeles 9.75% Vincent Los Angeles 9.75% Walnut Park Los Angeles 9.75% Walnut* Los Angeles 9.75% Watts Los Angeles 9.75% West Covina* Los Angeles 9.75% West Hills (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% West Hollywood* Los Angeles 9.75% West Los Angeles (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Westchester (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Westlake (Los Angeles*) 9.75% Los Angeles Westlake Village* Los Angeles 9.75% Westwood (Los Angeles*) Whittier* Los Angeles 9.75% Los Angeles 9.75% Willowbrook Los Angeles 9.75% Wilmington (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Wilsona Gardens Los Angeles 9.75% Windsor Hills Los Angeles 9.75% Winnetka (Los Angeles*) Los Angeles 9.75% Woodland Hills (Los Angeles*) San Bernardino 8.75% Adelanto* San Bernardino 8.75% Alta Loma (Rancho Cucamonga*) San Bernardino 8.75% Amboy San Bernardino 8.75% Angelus Oaks San Bernardino 8.75% Apple Valley* San Bernardino 8.75% Argus San Bernardino 8.75% Arrowbear Lake San Bernardino 8.75% Arrowhead Highlands San Bernardino 8.75% Baker San Bernardino 8.75% Barstow* San Bernardino 8.75% Base Line San Bernardino 8.75% Big Bear City San Bernardino 8.75% Big Bear Lake* San Bernardino 8.75% Big River San Bernardino 8.75% Bloomington San Bernardino 8.75% Blue Jav San Bernardino 8.75% Bryn Mawr San Bernardino 8.75% Cadiz San Bernardino 8.75% Cedar Glen San Bernardino 8.75% Cedarpines Park San Bernardino Chino Hills* 8.75% 8.75% San Bernardino Chino* 8.75% San Bernardino Cima 8.75% San Bernardino Colton* San Bernardino 8.75% Crest Park San Bernardino 8.75% Crestline San Bernardino 8.75% Cross Roads San Bernardino 8.75% Cucamonga (Rancho Cucamonga*) San Bernardino 8.75% Daggett San Bernardino 8.75% Del Rosa 8.75% San Bernardino Earp 8.75% San Bernardino East Highlands (Highland*) San Bernardino 8.75% Eastside 8.75% San Bernardino Essex San Bernardino 8.75% Etiwanda (Rancho Cucamonga*) San Bernardino 8.75% Fawnskin San Bernardino 8.75% Fenner 8.75% San Bernardino Fontana* San Bernardino 8.75% Forest Falls 8.75% San Bernardino Fort Irwin 8.75% San Bernardino George A.F.B. 8.75% Grand Terrace* San Bernardino San Bernardino 8.75% Green Valley Lake 8.75% San Bernardino Guasti (Ontario*) 8.75% San Bernardino Havasu Lake 8.75% San Bernardino Helendale 8.75% San Bernardino Hesperia* San Bernardino 8.75% Highland* San Bernardino 8.75% Hinkley San Bernardino 8.75% Ivanpah San Bernardino 8.75% Joshua Tree 8.75% San Bernardino Kelso San Bernardino 8.75% Lake Arrowhead San Bernardino 8.75% Landers 8.75% San Bernardino Lenwood San Bernardino 8.75% Loma Linda* 8.75% San Bernardino Los Serranos (Chino Hills*) 8.75% San Bernardino Lucerne Valley San Bernardino 8.75% Ludlow 8.75% San Bernardino Lytle Creek 8.75% San Bernardino Marine Corps (Twentynine Palms*) San Bernardino 8.75% Mentone 9.00% San Bernardino Montclair* San Bernardino 8.75% Moonridge San Bernardino 8.75% Morongo Valley 8.75% San Bernardino Mountain Pass 8.75% San Bernardino Mt. Baldy 8.75% San Bernardino Muscoy 8.75% Needles* San Bernardino San Bernardino 8.75% Newberry 8.75% San Bernardino Newberry Springs San Bernardino 8.75% Nipton 9.00% San Bernardino Norton A.F.B. (San Bernardino*) San Bernardino 8.75% Ontario* 8.75% San Bernardino Oro Grande San Bernardino 8.75% Parker Dam San Bernardino 8.75% Patton San Bernardino 8.75% Phelan San Bernardino 8.75% Pinon Hills San Bernardino 8.75% Pioneertown San Bernardino 8.75% Rancho Cucamonga* San Bernardino 8.75% Red Mountain 8.75% San Bernardino Redlands* San Bernardino 8.75% Rialto* San Bernardino 8.75% Rimforest San Bernardino 8.75% Running Springs San Bernardino 9.00% San Bernardino* San Bernardino 8.75% Skyforest San Bernardino 8.75% Smoke Tree (Palm Springs*) San Bernardino 8.75% Sugarloaf San Bernardino 8.75% Summit 8.75% San Bernardino Trona San Bernardino 8.75% Twentynine Palms* San Bernardino 8.75% Twin Peaks San Bernardino 8.75% Upland* San Bernardino 8.75% Victorville* San Bernardino 8.75% Vidal 8.75% San Bernardino Westend San Bernardino 8.75% Wrightwood San Bernardino 8.75% Yermo San Bernardino 8.75% Yucaipa* San Bernardino 8.75% Yucca Valley* "*" next to city indicates incorporated city Page 60 ElecricityResid 10.0% 10.0% 11.0% 4.0% 3.0% %0.9 4.0% 7.0% 3.0% 4.0% 2.0% 2.0% 7.0% 5.0% 5.5% 5.0% 7.0% 5.0% 6.0% Telephone:Wireless Commr 10.0% 20% 11.0% 3.0% 2.0% 5.0% 7.0% 5.0% 2.5% 6.0% 4.0% 6.5% 2.0% 4.0% 8.5% 2.0% 2.0% 5.5% 7.0% Telephone:WirelessResid 10.0% 11.0% 2.0% 3.0% 2.0% 5.0% 7.0% 5.0% 8.5% %0.9 4.0% 2.0% 2.0% 4 0% 2.0% 5.5% 5.5% 6.5% 7.0% Telephone:intNt'I Commr 11.0% 2.0% 7.0% 5.0% 5.5% 8.5% 6.0% 4.0% 5.5% 5.0% 6.5% 2.0% 2.0% Telephone:IntNt'I Resid 11.0% %0.9 5.0% 8.5% 4.0% 5.5% 2.0% 7.0% 5.0% 5.5% 6.5% 2.0% 2.0% Telephone:InterSt Commr 2.5% %0.9 11.0% 5.5% 20% 2.0% 5.0% 8.5% 6.5% 3.0% 7.0% 5.0% 4.0% 2.0% 5.0% Telephone:InterSt Resid 11.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.5% 3.0% 5.0% 7.0% 2.0% 8.5% 6.0% 4.0% 6.5% 2.0% 5.5% 5.0% Telephone:IntraStCommr 10.0% 2.0% 11.0% 2.0% 5.0% 2.5% 5.5% 3.0% 2.0% 8.5% %0.9 4.0% 5.0% 6.5% 2.0% 4.0% 5.0% 7.0% 7.0% Telephone:IntraSt Resid 10.0% 11.0% 5.0% %0.9 2.0% 6.5% 2.0% 2.0% 2.5% 5.0% 3.0% 5.0% 7.0% 5.5% 8.5% 4.0% 4.0% 2.0% 7.0% County Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Utility Users Tax Rates Hawaiian Gardens Hermosa Beach City Baldwin Park Bell Gardens Diamond Bar Beverly Hills Agoura Hills Hidden Hills El Segundo Hawthorne Culver City Commerce Calabasas Claremont Bellflower Alhambra Bradbury Compton Glendora El Monte Gardena Glendale Burbank Cerritos Downey Cudahy Arcadia Carson Artesia Covina Avalon Duarte Azusa Bell Page 61 GarbageCommr 4.0% GarbageResid 4.0% SewerCommr SewerResid WaterCommr 10.0% 10.0% 3.0% 11.0% 2.0% 8.0% %0.9 4.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.5% 7.0% 2.0% 6.0% WaterResid %0.9 10.0% %0.9 10.0% 11.0% 3.0% 4.0% 3.0% 5.5% 4.0% 4.0% 7.0% 2.0% CATV 11.0% 2.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 7.0% 2.5% CATV 11.0% 5.0% 3.0% 2.5% 7.0% 2.0% 2.5% GasCommr 10.0% 10.0% 11.0% 5.0% 5.0% 3.0% 5.5% 8.0% 2.0% 7.0% 5.0% %0.9 4.0% 2.0% 2.0% 3.0% 7.0% 4.0% 6.0% 2.0% Resid 10.0% 10.0% 11.0% 4.0% 3.0% 5.0% 4.0% 7.0% 2.0% 7.0% 6.0% 2.0% 3.0% 2.0% 5.5% 4.0% 7.0% 6.0% 2.0% as O ElecricityCommr 10.0% 10.0% 3.0% 11.0% 5.0% 8.0% %0.9 7.0% 5.0% 2.0% 4.0% 2.0% 3.0% 7.0% 5.0% 2.5% 7.0% 4.0% 6.0% 2.0% Hawaiian Gardens Hermosa Beach city Baldwin Park Bell Gardens Diamond Bar Agoura Hills Beverly Hills Hidden Hills El Segundo Hawthorne Commerce Culver City Calabasas Bellflower Claremont Alhambra Compton Bradbury Glendora El Monte Glendale Burbank Gardena Cerritos Arcadia Cudahy Downey Carson Artesia Covina Avalon Duarte Azusa Bell Page 62 ElecricityResid 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 7.67% 4.75% 2.0% 2.0% 7.5% %0.9 3.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 5.0% %0.6 3.0% 3.0% 5.5% Telephone:WirelessCommr 10.0% 10.0% 6.5% 4.75% 8.28% 7.5% 3.0% 5.5% 2.0% %0.6 4.5% 7.0% 3.0% 9.0% 3.0% 6.0% 2.5% 5.5% Telephone:WirelessResid 10.0% 10.0% 8.28% 4.75% 6.5% 7.5% 3.0% %0.9 3.0% 5.5% 5.0% %0.6 4.5% 4.0% 3.0% 2.5% 3.0% 5.0% %0.6 Telephone:IntNt'ICommr 10.0% 6.5% 4.75% 8.28% 2.0% %0.6 4.5% 3.0% 2.5% 7.0% 3.0% 2.0% %0.6 6.0% 5.5% Telephone:IntNt'I Resid 4.75% 10.0% 8.28% 6.5% %0.6 3.0% 5.5% %0.6 4.5% 3.0% 5.0% %0.9 4.0% 5.5% 5.0% Telephone:InterSt Commr 10.0% 4.75% 6.5% 8.28% 9.0% 4.5% 5.5% 5.0% %0.6 3.0% %0.9 5.5% 7.0% 5.5% 3.0% 2.0% Telephone:InterSt Resid 10.0% 8.28% 4.75% 6.5% 5.5% 5.0% 9.0% 4.5% 3.0% 3.0% 5.0% 9.0% 3.0% %0.9 4.0% 5.5% Telephone:IntraStCommr 10.0% 8.28% 4.75% 6.5% 10.0% %0.6 3.0% 9.0% 2.0% 3.0% 5.0% 5.5% 3.0% 7.5% 6.0% 5.5% 4.5% 7.0% 5.5% Telephone:IntraSt Resid 10.0% 10.0% 8.28% 2.0% 4.75% 6.5% 7.5% %0.6 3.0% 2.0% %0.6 3.0% %0.9 3.0% 5.5% 4.5% 4.0% 5.5% 3.0% County Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Rancho Palos Verdes Palos Verdes Estates La Canada Flintridge Rolling Hills Estates La Habra Heights Manhattan Beach Huntington Park Redondo Beach city Monterey Park Los Angeles Long Beach Rolling Hills Pico Rivera Montebello Paramount La Puente Inglewood Lakewood Pasadena La Mirada Maywood Lancaster Lawndale La Verne Monrovia Paímdale Irwindale Lynwood Pomona Norwalk Industry Lomita Malibu Page 63 GarbageCommr 7.0% GarbageResid 4.0% Sewer SewerResid WaterCommr 10.0% 10.0% 7.0% 7.67% 4.75% 7.5% 3.0% 5.0% 5.5% %0.6 3.0% 2.0% WaterResid 10.0% 10.0% 7.67% 7.0% 7.5% 4.75% 3.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.0% %0.6 3.0% CATV 10.0% 9.40% 4 75% 7.5% 5.5% 5.0% 10.0% CATV 4.75% 9.40% 7.5% 5.5% 5.0% 10.0% GasCommr 10.0% %06.7 10.0% 4.75% 7.0% 7.5% 3.0% 5.0% 2.5% 2.0% %0.9 2.0% %0.6 7.0% 5.5% 5.5% 3.0% 3.0% Resid 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 7.90% 4.75% 2.0% 7.5% 5.0% 5.0% 3.0% %0.9 3.0% 5.5% 4.0% 3.0% 2.5% 5.0% %0.6 3.0% Gas ElecricityCommr 10.0% 3.0% 10.0% 7.0% 10.0% 7.67% 4.75% 7.5% 5.0% 5.5% 2.0% 6.0% 3.0% 7.0% 5.5% 2.5% 3.0% 5.0%9.0% Rancho Palos Verdes Palos Verdes Estates La Canada Flintridge Rolling Hills Estates La Habra Heights Manhattan Beach Huntington Park Redondo Beach City Monterey Park Los Angeles Long Beach Rolling Hills Pico Rivera Montebello Paramount Inglewood La Mirada La Puente Lakewood Pasadena Lancaster Maywood Lawndale Palmdale Irwindale La Verne Monrovia Lynwood Pomona Industry Norwalk Lomita Malibu Page 64 ElecricityResid 10.0% 2.0% %0.9 2.0% 8.0% 6.5% 2.0% 5.0% 4.0% %0.9 Telephone:Wireless Commr 10.0% %0.9 %0.9 2.0% 2.0% %0.9 8.0% 6.5% 5.0% 5.0% Telephone:WirelessResid 10.0% %0.9 2.0% 2.0% 5.0% 4.0% %0.9 8.0% 6.5% 5.0% Telephone:IntNt'I Commr 10.0% %0.9 5.0% 2.0% 5.0% %0.9 8.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.0% Telephone:IntNt'I Resid 10.0% 2.0% %0.9 8.0% 4.0% 2.0% %0.9 6.5% 5.0% 5.0% Telephone:InterSt Commr 10.0% 8.0% 5.0% 5.0% %0.9 6.5% 5.0% %0.9 5.0% %0.9 Telephone:InterSt Resid 10.0% %0.9 8.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.5% 5.0% 2.0% 6.0% Telephone:IntraStCommr 10.0% 6.0% 8.0% 2.0% 2.0% %0.9 %0.9 5.0% 6.5% 5.0% Telephone:IntraSt Resid 10.0% 8.0% 4.0% %0.9 %0.9 6.5% 2.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles County Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino Bernardino SanBernardino SanBernardino Los Angeles County Santa Fe Springs South Pasadena Westlake Village West Hollywood South El Monte City Grand Terrace San Fernando Big Bear Lake Santa Monica Santa Clarita Sierra Madre West Covina Apple Valley Temple City San Gabriel San Marino South Gate San Dimas Rosemead Chino Hills Signal Hill Adelanto Hesperia Highland Torrance Fontana Barstow Whittier Vernon Walnut Colton Chino Page 65 GarbageCommr %0.9 GarbageResid 4.0% Sewer 10.0% %0.9 SewerResid 10.0% 4.0% WaterCommr 10.0% %0.9 2.0% 6.0% 8.0% %0.9 2.0% %0.9 2.0% WaterResid 10.0% %0.9 2.0% %0.9 2.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% CATV 2.0% 10.0% 5.0% 8.0% 6.5% %0.9 5.0% 10.0% CATVResid 5.0% 8.0% 6.5% 2.0% 4.0% 2.0% GasCommr 10.0% 2.0% 8.0% %0.9 %0.9 6.5% 2.0% 2.0% %0.9 5.0% Resid 10.0% %0.9 2.0% %0.9 8.0% 6.5% 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 2.0% Gas 10.0% ElecricityCommr 6.0% %0.9 8.0% 2.0% 6.5% 2.0% 2.0% 6.0% 2.0% Los Angeles County Santa Fe Springs South Pasadena Westlake Village West Hollywood City South El Monte San Fernando Grand Terrace Santa Monica Big Bear Lake Santa Clarita Sierra Madre West Covina San Gabriel San Marino Temple City Apple Valley South Gate San Dimas Rosemead Signal Hill Chino Hills Torrance Adelanto Hesperia Highland Fontana Whittier Barstow Vernon Walnut Colton Chino Page 66 ElecricityResid 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% Telephone:Wireless Commr 7.75% 8.0% Telephone:WirelessResid 7.75% 8.0% GarbageCommr Telephone:IntNt'ICommr 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% GarbageResid Telephone:IntNt'I Resid SewerCommr 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% SewerResid Telephone:InterSt Commr WaterCommr 3.89% 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% 8.0% 3.89% WaterResid 8.0% Telephone:InterSt Resid 3.89% CATV 7.75% 8.0% 8.0% 7.75% 8.0% CATV 7.75% Telephone:IntraStCommr 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% Commr 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% Gas Telephone:IntraSt Resid Resid 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% Sas County San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardi ElecricityCommr 3.89% 7.75% 8.0% Rancho Cucamonga Rancho Cucamonga Twentynine Palms Twentynine Palms San Bemardino San Bernardino City City Yucca Valley Yucca Valley Loma Linda Loma Linda Redlands Victorville Redlands Victorville Montclair Montclair Needles Yucaipa Needles Yucaipa Ontario Ontario Upland Upland Rialto Rialto Transient Occupancy Tax Rates - LA/SB County Cities Source: Computations by CaliforniaCityFinance.com from State Controller data. Rev City County Rev City County Aug 15, Aug 15, 2009 2009 Beverly Hills Los Angeles 14.0% La Mirada Los Angeles 9.0% Inglewood Los Angeles 14.0% Lawndale Los Angeles 9.0% Los Angeles Los Angeles 14.0% Signal Hill Los Angeles 9.0% Santa Monica Los Angeles 14.0% Walnut Los Angeles 8.5% Artesia Los Angeles 12,5% Bell Gardens Los Angeles 8.0% Pasadena Los Angeles 12.1% Cudahy Los Angeles 8.0% Agoura Hills Los Angeles 12.0% El Segundo Los Angeles 8.0% Alhambra Los Angeles 12.0% Industry Los Angeles 8.0% Avalon Los Angeles 12.0% Lakewood Los Angeles 8.0% Calabasas Los Angeles 12.0% San Dimas Los Angeles 8.0% Commerce Los Angeles 12.0% South El Monte Los Angeles 8.0% Culver City Los Angeles 12,0% South Gate Los Angeles 8.0% Hawthorne Los Angeles 12.0% Azusa Los Angeles 7.5% Long Beach Los Angeles 12.0% Compton Los Angeles 7.5% Malibu Los Angeles 12.0% Lancaster Los Angeles 7.0% Monterey Park Los Angeles 12.0% Cerritos Los Angeles 6.0% West Hollywood Los Angeles 11.5% Glendora Los Angeles 6.0% Gardena Los Angeles 11.0% Huntington Park 5.0% Los Angeles Torrance Los Angeles 11.0% Maywood Los Angeles 5.0% Arcadia Los Angeles 10.0% Bell Los Angeles 3,5% Baldwin Park Los Angeles 10.0% Bradbury Los Angeles none Burbank Los Angeles 10.0% Hidden Hills Los Angeles none La Canada Claremont Los Angeles 10.0% Flintridge Los Angeles none Covina Los Angeles 10.0% La Habra Heights Los Angeles none Diamond Bar Los Angeles 10.0% Lynwood Los Angeles none Palos Verdes Duarte Los Angeles 10.0% Estates Los Angeles none El Monte Los Angeles 10.0% Rolling Hills Los Angeles none Glendale Los Angeles 10.0% San Fernando Los Angeles none Hermosa Beach Los Angeles 10.0% San Marino Los Angeles none Irwindale Los Angeles 10.0% Sierra Madre Los Angeles none La Puente Los Angeles 10.0% South Pasadena Los Angeles none La Verne Los Angeles 10.0% Vernon Los Angeles none San Lomita Los Angeles 10.0% Barstow Bernardino 12,5% San Manhattan Beach Los Angeles 10.0% Ontario Bernardino 11.8% San Monrovia Los Angeles 10.0% Adelanto 10.0% Bernardino San Montebello Los Angeles 10.0% Chino Hills Bernardino 10.0% San Norwalk Los Angeles 10.0% Colton Bernardino 10.0% San Palmdale Los Angeles 10.0% Hesperia Bernardino 10.0% San Paramount Los Angeles 10.0% Loma Linda Bernardino 10.0% San Pico Rivera Los Angeles 10.0% Montclair Bernardino 10.0% San 10.0% Needles Bernardino Pomona Los Angeles 10.0% Rancho Palos Rancho San Verdes 10,0% Cucamonga Bernardino Los Angeles 10.0% San Redondo Beach 10.0% Los Angeles Redlands Bernardino 10.0% San Rolling Hills Estates 10.0% Los Angeles San Bemardino Bernardino 10.0% San Rosemead 10.0% Bernardino Los Angeles Upland 10.0% San San Gabriel 10.0% Los Angeles Rialto Bernardino 9.0% San Santa Clarita 10.0% Los Angeles Twentynine Palms Bernardino 9.0% San Santa Fe Springs Bernardino Los Angeles 10.0% Big Bear Lake 8.0% San 10.0% Temple City Los Angeles Bernardino 8.0% Chino San West Covina Los Angeles 10.0% Fontana Bernardino 8.0% San Westlake Village Los Angeles 10.0% Bernardino 7.0% Highland San Whittier Los Angeles 10.0% Victorville Bernardino 7.0% San Bellflower Bernardino Los Angeles 9.0% 7.0% Yucaipa San Carson Los Angeles 9.0% Yucca Valley Bernardino 7.0% San Bernardino Downey Los Angeles 9.0% Apple Valley 6.0% San Hawaiian Gardens 9.0% Los Angeles Grand Terrace Bernardino none Appendix J: List of Eliminated Positions CITY OF CLAREMONT ELIMINATED FULL-TIME POSITIONS FY 2008-09 to 2010-11 TITLE # Accounting Assistant 1 Administrative Assistant 2 Administrative Specialist 1 Assistant Planner Associate Engineer 1 Building Inspector City Planner Community Improvement Officer1 Economic Development Officer2 Groundskeeper I Groundskeeper II Human Services Supervisor 3 Information Systems Manager 1 Maintenance Craftsperson II Maintenance Superintendent 1 Police Captain3 2 Police Corporal3 3 Police Lieutenant3 1 Police Officer3 1 Program Specialist 1 Receptionist 2 Senior Engineer 1 Site Coordinator 3 Solid Waste Superintendent 1 Tree Trimmer II . . . Appendix K: List of Salary and Benefit Reductions CITY OF CLAREMONT NEGOTIATED SALARY & BENEFIT REDUCTIONS FY 2008-09 to 2010-11 Salary/Benefit Reduction Amount Cost of Living Adjustments 639,000 Compensatory Time Buy-back 22,000 Pay for Performance Program 235,000 Health & Fitness Reimbursement Program 53,000 Total 949,000 Appendix L: PERS Unfunded Liability Explanation One of the factors the City of Claremont must deal with each year is the mandated shift in expense to the City from PERS based on what is referred to as "unfunded liability" on the City's financial statements. The following PERS explanation defines how the unfunded liability is calculated: Initial plan unfunded liabilities are amortized over a closed period dependent on the plan's date of entry into the PERS Risk Pool. Subsequent plan amendments are amortized as a level percentage of pay over a closed 20-year period. Gains and losses that occur in the operation of the plan are amortized over a rolling 30 year period, which results in an amortization of about 6% of unamortized gains and losses each year. If the plan's accrued liability exceeds the actuarial value of plan assets, then the amortization payments on the total unfunded liability may not be lower than the payment calculated over a 30-year amortization period. While the PERS explanation is helpful for accountants and those experienced in reading detailed financial reports, it can still be somewhat confusing to the lay person. Expressed in lay terms, the unfunded liability really refers to the following: Every few years, using accounting actuarial methods approved by state and federal regulatory authorities, accountants under contract to PERS perform a "test" to determine if the investments (stocks and bonds) held in the PERS retirement accounts are at the correct size to be able to provide payments (to "fund" by having interest or dividends) the current and future payment obligations for those included in the PERS fund. Two major factors can have an impact on whether the invested funds are at the correct level to meet these future obligations at any particular point in time. First, the actuary determines whether the life span of the retiree population has changed and, therefore, more monthly retirement checks may be needed than in earlier years (and in recent years it tends to be lengthened as retirees are shown to be living longer). If this life span of the retiree population is shown to have increased in length, then this can result in additional investments being needed (beyond those currently held) to fund future payments for that extended period of time to the retirees. That additional needed investment amount is defined as a dollar value and is considered "unfunded" if the investments at that particular time are not at that level of value. Hypothetically, if the retiree population was, on average, to live a shorter period of time (contrary to recent trends for the past 2 decades), then it is possible that the "unfunded" liability would actually be shown in the financial statements as a funding "surplus" (the funds invested and providing interest and dividends exceed the predicted need for future payments). The second issue that can result in a potential shortfall, or "unfunded liability," is the status of the investment instruments themselves based on the performance of the public stock and bond markets in which those investments reside. As has happened in the past few years, when the stock and bond markets are declining or flat the value of the investments may be lower than anticipated and result in a determination that to meet the future payment obligations of the retiree population, the PERS investments are "underfunded." On the flip side, in years when the stock and bond markets increase tremendously in value, the valuation of the investments may result in what spears to be a "surplus" because the interest and dividends produce a cash flow stream in excess of the anticipated future payments cash flow. The end result is that any city participating in PERS may realize the need to provide additional payments as a "make-up" payment or cost if the PERS calculations are deemed "under-funded"-even if the City made no changes to personnel, retiree benefit policy or other action. ATTACHMENT C Administrative Policy Manual Policy No. 10-25 Date: January 12, 2013 Approved: SUBJECT: RESERVE POLICY PURPOSE: To establish a policy for Reserves. Sound financial management includes a practice of maintaining General Policy: appropriate reserves to provide for natural or fiscal emergencies, building renovations, equipment replacement, continuation of services, non-covered liability claims, special projects and other unanticipated expenditures. This policy outlines the different reserve accounts that are maintained. Any use of these reserve funds is at the sole discretion of the City Council, and specific City Council action is required to authorize the use of any of the funds listed in this policy. Provisions: All appropriations from the Reserve Policy are to be considered in accordance with the following priorities: A. Operating and Environmental Emergency Reserve - 25 Percent Funds in this reserve are to be used in the case of natural or fiscal emergencies. It is the goal of the City Council to maintain a minimum reserve of 25 percent of the General Fund operating expenditures. B. Enterprise and Internal Service Fund Reserves (Motor Fleet, Technology, Sanitation and Sewer Funds) - 15 percent In order to provide sufficient capital for enterprise and internal service fund operations, it is the goal that the cash equivalent to 15 percent of budgeted operating expenditures be reserved. Prudent vehicle and equipment replacement schedules shall be maintained and reviewed annually; and, appropriate replacement reserves established. In some cases reserves may be established at a higher level based upon the nature of the fund. C. Maintenance of Operations Reserve These funds are intended to stabilize the impacts of unanticipated projects or costs, emergency safety, insurance and liability claim issues, and PERS or other benefit rate increases. The Maintenance of Operations reserve will be used for the following types of expenditures: Reserve Policy Policy No. 10-25 Page 2 of 3 a. City Council directed projects. b. Capital projects. c. Liability costs not covered by the city's insurance policies. d. Unanticipated changes in PERS or other benefit rates. e. Cyclical revenue downturns and operating cost increases that are temporary and not within the City's ability to adjust in the short-term. f. Or any other municipal purpose that the City Council deems prudent or necessary. D. Equipment and Facility Revolving Reserve Equipment and Facility Revolving Reserve was established to create a funding source for equipment and facility expenditures. The Equipment and Facility Revolving Reserve shall be used for the following types of purchases: a. Renovation projects pertaining to existing City buildings, b. Replacement and refurbishment of furniture and other equipment utilized in City facilities. c. Minor enhancement of City buildings, parks, and other facilities. d. Safety equipment, emergency response equipment, recreation facilities equipment, etc. Proposed expenditures of the Equipment and Facility Revolving Reserve shall be evaluated according to the following criteria: a. Disrepair/Inoperability - Equipment that is no longer operable or in a state of disrepair is eligible for replacement using the Equipment and Facility Revolving Reserve. Facility improvements to correct disrepair are also eligible. b. Safety/Liability Concerns - The replacement of equipment or the repair of City facilities that pose safety hazards, or that expose the City to a higher than normal level of liability are eligible for funding by the reserve. Additionally, projects that will allow the City to more effectively manage emergency situations are also eligible.

City should review and update accounting policies and procedures to ensure they are appropriately detailed and define the specific authority and responsibility of employees. The City agrees with the finding. The City regularly reviews and updates accounting policies and procedures as part of our normal course of business and while working with our auditors during audits.

City should establish a policy requiring financial policies and procedures to be reviewed annually and updated at least once every three years. The City agrees with the finding. The City will develop this policy and add it to the Finance Departments Standard Operating Procedures.

City should undertake a full-scale competitive process every 5 years for the selection of an independent external auditor. The City agrees with the finding. The City has and will continue to undertake a full-scale competitive process every 5 years for the selection of an independent external auditor. - ...

Grand Jury Recommendation: Cities should adopt financial planning, www.elsegundo.org revenue and expenditure policies to guide city officials to develop sustainable, balanced budgets. City' Response: The City already has policies that are designed to achieve the goals set forth in the Recommendation, and accordingly does not believe further policies are warranted at this time. 350 Main Street, El Segundo, California 90245-3813 Phone (310) 524-2300 FAX (310) 322-7137 Page 2 September 19, 2013 Re: City of El Segundo 2012-2013 Civil Grand Jury Final Report-Fiscal Health, Governance, Financial Management, etc. The City has an adopted Fund Balance Policy that guides the development of the annual operating budget. The purpose of this policy is to mitigate current and future risks and to ensure a balanced budget. The Fund Balance Policy establishes a General Fund reserves that provide security against unexpected emergencies and contingencies. Currently the General Fund Unreserved, Undesignated Fund balance is set at a minimum of 17% of the adopted General Fund Expenditures. Additionally, the City's policy is that General Fund annually adopted Appropriations must not exceed General Fund annually adopted estimated revenues. See attached. The City of El Segundo starts the budgeting process at least 6-months prior to yearend. Strategic Planning Sessions are held with City Council. During these meetings, staff relays assumptions and planning tools that will be used to develop the operating budget. The Fund Balance Policy is the guide that is used to determine the appropriations for the next fiscal year. During the current economic crisis the City's General Fund reserves have not fallen below the established 17% Fund Balance Policy. Therefore the City already has a policy in place that guides the decisions made by the governing body. Grand Jury Recommendation: Cities should develop a balanced budget

Cities should develop a balanced budget and commit to operate within budget constraints. We agree with this recommendation. This recommendation has already been implemented for fiscal years 2012-13 and 2013-14 with the approval by the City Council of a balanced budget on June 26, 2012 and June 11, 2013, respectively. . - 21 L.A. Co. Superior Court October 2, 2013 Page 2 We agree with this recommendation and will review our current practice to address this recommendation during fiscal year 2013-14.

Grand Jury Recommendation: Cities should commit to not using one-time revenue to fund recurring or ongoing expenses. City's Response: The City of El Segundo agrees that cities should not rely on one-time revenues on a regular basis to balance their budgets but disagrees with this finding to the extent it states that City's should never use one-time revenues to their budgets. The City has used one-time revenues in the past and may need to do so in the future. The City strives to balance annual operating expenses to operating revenues by balancing expenditures to revenues through cost containment and reductions in discretionary spending. However, as set forth above, due to economic cycles and potentially unpredictable significant changes in revenue sources it is not reasonable for the City to never use one-time funds to balance its budget. Grand Jury Recommendation: Cities should adopt a method and practice of saving into a reserve or "rainy day" fund to supplement operating revenue in years of short fall. City's Response: The City agrees with this Recommendation and it already has an adopted Fund Balance Policy that is adhered to each fiscal year. (See attached) Page 4 September 19, 2013 Re: City of El Segundo 2012-2013 Civil Grand Jury Final Report-Fiscal Health, Governance, Financial Management, etc. The City's Fund Balance Policy includes a goal of maintaining undesignated unreserved fund balance in an amount equal to at least 17% of the annual General Fund expenditure budget. In setting this policy, the "reserve" adjusts automatically as expenditures naturally rise over the years. For example, in fiscal year 2013-2014, General Fund expenditures increased from the prior year by $7.4 million. As a result, the policy "reserve" has grown by $1.3 million, and is fully funded to that level through the budget. In addition, the City's Fund Balance Policy states that once the 17% target level is reached, any excess fund balance should be transferred to the City's Economic Uncertainty Fund. During the economic downturn, the City used the accumulated balances in this Economic Uncertainty to augment the Fund revenues. Over the last 5 years, in addition to implementing reductions in spending, the City has had to rely on the Economic Uncertainty fund to balance its General Fund Operating Budget. However, it must be emphasized that the City has not relied on the General Fund "undesignated, unreserved" fund balance to balance the General Fund Operating Budget. Financial Management

Cities should adopt a method and practice of saving into a reserve or "rainy day" fund to supplement operating revenue in years of short fall. We agree with this recommendation. The City of Downey currently has a method and practice of saving revenue into a reserve fund, and we will continue with this practice.

Cities should undertake a full-scale competitive process every 5 years for the selection of an independent external auditor. We agree with this recommendation and will review our current practice to address this recommendation during fiscal year 2013-14. If you have any questions, feel free to contract me at (562) 904-7284. Sincerely, CITY OF DOWNEY Gilbert A. Livas City Manager Anil Gandhy, Interim Finance Director C: Yvette M. Abich Garcia, City Attorney City of City of Duarte uarte Sixteen Hundred Huntington Drive, Duarte, California 91010-2592 Tel 6 26-357-7931 FAX 6 26-358-0018 www.accessduarte.com September 9, 2013 Mayor Manganet E. Finlay Mayor Pro Tem Presiding Judge Liz Reilly Los Angeles County Superior Court Councilmembers Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center John Fasana Tzeitel Paras-Caracci 210 W. Temple Street Phillip R. Reyes Eleventh Floor, Room 11-506 City Manager Los Angeles, CA 90012 Dannell George The City of Duarte wholly disagrees with the statement on page 86 of your report where under the Background section it states that "there are fears of bankruptcy in the City of Duarte". As indicated in the findings of your own report, the City of Duarte rates very high in the area of fiscal health and in particular in the healthy reserves that we continue to maintain. For example, on page 127, Exhibit 9, your report shows that Duarte is in the top 10 in both fiscal years for having a high unassigned General Fund balance. Duarte has continued to balance its budget during one of the greatest depressions in history and continues to maintain a healthy general fund reserve. In July 2012, the Duarte City Council met to consider placing a sales tax measure that would have increased the current sales tax by one half percent and was projected to generate approximately $2 million in annual revenue. Since it was a non-local election year, in order to qualify for the November ballot, the City had to declare a state of fiscal emergency. The City Council discussed, but did not approve the resolution and so the fiscal emergency was never declared and a measure was not placed on the ballot. The Cities of Pico Rivera, South Gate and El Monte (2012) have all adopted a resolution declaring a fiscal emergency in order to place revenue measures on the ballot during non-local election years and yet they are not listed in your report as having bankruptcy fears. Given that this particular resolution declaration is a technical requirement for measures placed on the ballot in a non-local election year and that the City of Duarte never even approved the resolution and/or made the declaration, we wholly disagree with the findings that there are fears of bankruptcy in Duarte. As a City we are always looking for ways to be ahead of the curve and improve our fiscal health in the future. However, with a current General Fund reserve of more than 100%, we are very healthy and far from bankruptcy. Sinderely, Kristen Petersen Assistant City Manager, Director of Administrative Services City of Duarte Named "Most Business Friendly City 2012" by LAEDC City of Duarte L=Brand of the original Andres Duarte Rancho Raúl Godinez II CITY OF EL MONTE City Manager CITY MANAGER'S OFFICE Jesus M. Gomez Assistant City Manager October 1, 2013 Presiding Judge Los Angeles County Superior Court Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center 210 West Temple Street, Eleventh Floor, Room 11-506 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Dear Presiding Judge: The City of El Monte is pleased to respond to your recommendations contained in the 2012-2013 Los Angeles County Civil Grand Jury Report. The City is committed to implementing "Best Practice" procedures relating to its Budgetary and Financial Policies. Below are responses to the specific Civil Grand Jury Recommendations. FISCAL HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS Fiscal Health Recommendation 1 - Cities should adopt financial planning, revenue and expenditure policies to guide city officials to develop sustainable, balanced budgets. City Response - The City of El Monte is in the process of evaluating its policies in this area. The City intends to establish policies to inform and educate not just its employees, but its elected officials and populace on how the City's strategic vision drives its financial planning and budgeting processes and the importance in establishing this overall guidance. Fiscal Health Recommendation 2 -Cities should develop a balanced budget and commit to operate within the budget constraints. City Response - The City of El Monte has prepared a balanced budget for the past several years and it is taking steps to ensure every department operates within the constraints of the budget. On June 25, 2013, the City Council of El Monte adopted its balanced budget for Fiscal Year 2013-2014. Fiscal Health Recommendation 3 - Cities should commit to not using onetime revenues to fund recurring or ongoing expenditures. City Response - The City of El Monte does not fund recurring and ongoing expenditures with onetime revenues. Programmatic costs are always associated with programmatic revenues. Onetime revenues are associated with capital or other special purpose expenditures. 11333 VALLEY BOULEVARD, EL MONTE, CALIFORNIA 91731-3293 / (626) 580-2001 / FAX (626) 453-3612 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.elmonteca.gov LOS ANGELES COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT October 1, 2013 Page 2 Fiscal Health Recommendation 4 - Cities should adopt a method and practice of saving into a reserve or "rainy day" fund to supplement operating revenue in years of short fall. City Response - The City of El Monte intends this to be a continuing strategic goal in its future budgetary and financial planning processes. The City of El Monte has initiated the review and assessment of its reserve fund policy which is anticipated to include: 1) reserve funds for "rainy day"; 2) working capital reserve fund; 3) capital projects reserve fund; and 4) a contingency reserve fund. This new policy will include sub-policies and procedures on how to implement each of these distinct reserve accounts. GOVERNANCE PRACTICES RECOMMENDATIONS Governance Practices Recommendation 1, 3, 4 and 5 were not directed towards the City of El Monte. Governance Practices Recommendation 2 - Cities should develop and report on performance measures or indicators to evaluate outcomes. These measures should be quantified, focused on outcomes and information should be provided for several years to allow evaluation of progress over time. City Response - Developing, reporting and maintaining appropriate metrics can be useful in evaluating the City's programs and departments and the City believes such metrics should be a part of its budgetary program and intends to include such in the financial planning and budgetary policies currently under development. Public safety (El Monte Police Department and Los Angeles County Fire Department) do collect empirical data which is regularly analyzed to determine efficiencies and best practices within that field. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Financial Management Recommendation 1 - Cities should formally establish an audit committee making it directly responsible for the work of the independent auditor. City Response - The City has a fiscal ad hoc committee which is tasked with the oversight of the audit process, budget development, and cost control. The committee, comprised of two (2) of the elected officials appointed by the body, meets regularly (at a minimum bi- weekly) and serves the same function as described in this recommendation. This committee is regularly staffed with the City Manager, Assistant City Manager, Director of Finance, and may include other Department Directors as needed. This ad hoc committee also provides initial guidance related to financial matters that will be provided to the City Council for formal approval. LOS ANGELES COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT October 1, 2013 Page 3 Financial Management Recommendation 2 and 3 were not directed towards the City of El Monte. Financial Management Recommendation 4 - Cities should review and update accounting policies and procedures to ensure they are appropriately detailed and define the specific authority and responsibility of employees. City Response - City has many accounting policies and procedures in place which need to be formalized and centrally located, available to all staff and the topic of ongoing training. Financial Management Recommendation 5 - Cities should establish a policy requiring financial policies and procedures to be reviewed annually and updated at least once every three years. City Response – The City intends to formalize this practice in the consideration of its Financial and Budgetary processes currently under development. Currently, the City's investment policy is reviewed and presented to the City Council as part of the budget adoption process. Financial Management Recommendation 6 - Cities should review and update policies and procedures for reporting fraud, abuse and questionable practices including a practical mechanism, such as a fraud hot line, to permit the confidential, anonymous reporting of concerns. City Response - The City is currently reviewing options to increase fraud awareness and a mechanism for confidential reporting of concerns. We currently have an anonymous reporting system (ELMO-available on the City's website) that employees, residents, or any other concerned party can utilize to report any activities, including fraud, abuse and questionable practices. Those reporting have the option to submit their concerns to a specific Department for review. Financial Management Recommendation 7 was not directed toward the City of El Monte. Financial Management Recommendation 8- Cities should undertake a full-scale competitive process every 5 years for the selection of an independent external auditor. City response - The City has begun this practice by competitively bidding the external audit for FY10. The RFP for an independent external audit was sent to several auditing firms (7) during the months of July and August 2010. The current contract is with the firm of Vasquez & Company, LLP, for two (2) years; with the option to add two (2) additional one (1) year extensions. The City intends to formalize the procedure of obtaining competitive bids in the consideration of its Financial and Budgetary processes currently under development. LOS ANGELES COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT October 1, 2013 Page 4 Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the recommendations included in the Cities of Los Angeles County Fiscal Health, Governance, Financial Management and Compensation report. Should the Grand Jury Committee Members have further questions or comments, please direct them to me at [email protected] or by mail at: Raúl Godinez II City Manager City of El Monte 11333 Valley Boulevard El Monte, CA 91731 Respectfully submitted, CITY OF EL MONTE RAUL GODINEZII City Manager City of El Segundo Office of the City Manager September 19, 2013 Elected Officials: Bill Fisher, Presiding Judge Mayor Los Angeles County Superior Court Carl Jacobson, Mayor Pro Tem Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center Suzanne Fuentes, Council Member 210 West Temple Street, Dave Atkinson, Council Member Eleventh Floor, Room 11-506 Marie Fellhauer, Los Angeles, CA 90012 Council Member Tracy Weaver, City Clerk Crista Binder, Re: City of El Segundo 2012-2013 Civil Grand Jury Final Report – Fiscal Health, City Treasurer Governance, Financial Management, etc. Appointed Officials: Honorable Presiding Judge: Greg Carpenter, City Manager Mark D. Hensley, The following information is the City of El Segundo's ("City") response to the 2012-2013 City Attorney Los Angeles County Civil Grand Jury ("Grand Jury") Report ("Report") on fiscal health, governance, financial management and compensation for cities within Los Angeles Department Directors: County. It appears that the Grand Jury's Recommendations were based upon its review Deborah Cullen, of each cities practices and that the Recommendations have, in some cases, an implicit Finance Kevin Smith, finding that the City is not currently in compliance with the Recommendation. This is a Fire Chief Martha Dijkstra, different format than the City has seen utilized in the past and does not comport Human Resources Debra Brighton, completely with the instructions provided as to how to respond to "Findings" which are Library Services Sam Lee, different from "Recommendations." Given that all 88 Los Angeles County cities were the Planning & Building Safety Mitch Tavera, subject of the Report, the City assumes that this unusual format is due to breadth and Police Chief Stephanie Katsouleas. time involved in compiling the Report. Public Works Robert Cummings, Recreation & Parks Fiscal Health

Targeted Rebate Program - Rosecrans Avenue/Crenshaw Boulevard - Marketing materials being mailed quarterly); applications and guidelines are mailed when requested. Two new rebates were processed for Rosecrans Corridor during FY 20111-2012; these new rebates benefited 115 people.

Targeted Rebate Program - Western Avenue (Marketing materials being mailed quarterly). Staff is actively marketing current program for other participants in program. During FY 2012 three new rebates were processed for Western Avenue businesses; the rebates benefitted 15 people and saved 15 jobs; three new jobs were created; two new rebates have been approved thus far in 2012; two businesses and 5 employees benefitted from the rebate.

Cities should undertake a full-scale competitive process every five (5) years for the selection of an independent external auditor. Response: The City entered into a three (3)-year agreement with a two (2)-year extension option available. The current contract will expire June 30, 2014, at which time staff will review the work productivity thus far and will exercise the two (2)-year option if work has been performed to management's satisfaction. If the City decides to end the contract and seek new auditors, a full-scale competitive RFP process will be followed. In conclusion, this completes the City of Gardena response to the Report. The City trusts that the information provided adequately responds to the Grand Jury's Findings and Recommendations. If you have any additional questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, CITY OF GARDENA 19 Dansdell MITCHELL G. LANSDELL City Manager c: Mayor Paul K. Tanaka Members of Gardena City Council Attachments:

ED website developed and launched - February 2010; ongoing updates; updated flyers posted in Spanish/English; consistent use of tweets to inform community; demographic web page launched

Strategic Plan for the City of Gardena completed; strategic Planning workshop June 12, 2012 11. 2008-2014 Housing Element Approved, August 2011; since the approval, twelve of the 27 objectives have been completed; first Annual Report to HCD filed in April 2011; preparation for 2014- 2021 Housing Element is in process

On August 17, 2012 the City submitted an application to the State Home Program (HOME) for $3.5 million gap financing for construction of 37-unit senior 202 Housing Project. The City received notification on November 16, 2011, that the HUD 202 application for senior housing jointly prepared with WASET, Inc., a nonprofit corporation, was awarded $6.2 million in funding. The project will consist of a 37-unit senior housing complex to be constructed in the north end of the City.

Prepared application for gap financing for 37-unit senior housing project; Gardena awarded $2.9 million in funds from HCD *FISCAL ACCOUNTABILITY *Note: Updated information is highlighted in yellow

On March 20, 2013, Staff and ED Consultant completed preparation and submitted an application to HCD for $1 million in Prop C funds under the CalHome program for continuation and expansion of OOR Program

On June 14, 2013, the City Manager was notified that Gardena was not awarded funding under the CalHome Program; the majority of the awards were made to First-Time Home Buyer activities and Owner Occupied Rehabilitation Housing programs operated by larger cities Attractive Community- (Milestones Accomplished)

FIXED ASSETS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS We will capitalize all assets with a cost equal to or greater than $5,000 and a useful life of more than one year. Repairs and maintenance of infrastructure assets will generally not be subject to capitalization unless the repair extends the useful life of the asset. Depreciation of assets shall be recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of assets. Reaffirmed and Adopted by the Glendora City Council on June 11, 2013 City of Glendora Financial Policies

EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION We will strive to pay competitive compensation to our employees yet understand that we need to live within our financial means.

TRANSPARENCY We believe that the taxpayers need and deserve to understand how their money is spent and accounted for. We will strive to make that understanding as simple as possible by trying to use clear and concise language; post information that is timely on various media formats and fully comply with the Public Records Act when members of the public make such requests. At the same time, Transparency is only effective when the public is engaged and avails itself to the information in a timely fashion. Reaffirmed and Adopted by the Glendora City Council on June 11, 2013 "Our Youth - Our Future" NAILA CITY OF HAWAIIAN GARDENS ORPORATE August 27, 2013 Honorable David S. Wesley, Presiding Judge Los Angeles County Superior Court Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center 210 West Temple Street Eleventh Floor, Room 11-506 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Re: City of Hawaiian Garden's Response to the 2013 Grand Jury Report, "Cities of Los Angeles County Fiscal Health, Governance, Management and Compensation." Dear Judge Wesley: The City of Hawaiian Gardens is required to respond to various findings and recommendations in the 2013 Los Angeles County Grand Jury Report entitled, "Cities of Los Angeles County Fiscal Health, Governance, Management and Compensation." After studying the report's findings and recommendations, I am submitting the following responses on behalf of the City of Hawaiian Gardens ("City"). FISCAL HEALTH Findings:

or and the light state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of t In House Medited Inspections 155 285 278 NPUE Storm Hold Holder Salar Barrell Called Grant Age General Office Engineering 260 441 521 NPDES Storm Water Management Program 12 42 33 Grant Applications 4 10 6 Total 888 1519 1668 Public Right of Way / Off Site Plan Checks Street Plan Street Plan 9 11 20 Other Public Agencies Parcel Map / Tract Map 0 1 0 Utilities - Off Site Plan Check 9 32 20 Other Public Agencies 1 4. 3 Utilities - Off Site Plan Check Total 19 57 34 Public Right of Way / Encroachment Permits Street Excavation 9 5 11 Oversize Loads Street Escavation Sewer 0 1 0 Miscellaneous Utilities - Encroachment 9 33 21 Oversize Loads 14 26 14 Utilities - Newsracks 0 0 0 Encroachment 3 Miscellaneous 14 9 Total 35 STREET MAINTENANCE DIVISION August Summary by Service Area 2 5 6 П 4 FY YTD Blocked Sewers Cleared 2 1 1 5 1 Curb / Gutter Repair (Ln. ft.) 2 3 Curb Painting (Ln. ft.) 1,125 150 180 180 150 15,385 58 64 81 R.O.W. Pickups 86 50 70 834 R.O.W. Weed Abatement 2 1 1 39 1,500 21,300 Sewers Cleaned-Routine (Ln. ft.) 600 2,100 33,000 Sidewalk Repairs (ramps) 19 e Sidewalk Replaced (sq. ft.) 68 Signs Replaced 9 16 8 50 Storm Drains Cleaned 0 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS (CIP) A) Completed Projects JN 844 Disabled Barrier Removal, Maintenance Area 1 & 2 $195,000 JN 847 Pedestrian Safety Improvement, Various $275,000 TOTAL COST $470,000 B) Under Construction JN 855 Local Street Overlay, Various $1,000,000 JN 871 GMBL Fuel Tanks Removal and Disposal $350,000 TOTAL COST $1,350,000 C) Out to Bid / Contract Execution JN 849 Public Works Yard Storage Facility, Phase 2 $250,000 TOTAL COST $250,000 D) Under Design JN 841 Street and Highway Improvements, Various $560,000 JN 842 Rosecrans / Purche Traffic Signal $631,000 JN 850 Rosecrans Ave. Street Improvement. Crenshaw to Vermont $5,140,000 JN 851 Artesia / Western Dual Left Turn (with Torrance) $675,000 JN 852 Vermont Ave. Street Improvement, Rosecrans to 182nd St $2,350,000 JN 853 Local Street Overlay, Various $1,000,000 JN 859 Artesia Bl. Street Improvement, Western to Vermont $600,000 JN 860 Budlong Ave Street Improvement, 135th to Rosecrans $100,000 178th St. Improvements, Western to Normandie JN 861 $220,000 JN 862 Pedestrian Safety Improvement, Various Locations $430,000 JN 863 Sewer Rehabilitation, Various Locations $300,000 JN 864 Local Street Overlay, 2013, Various Locations $300,000 Western Ave Street Improvement, Rosecrans to Marine JN 865 $350,000 TOTAL COST $12,656,000 August 2013 Gardena One-Stop Fisoal Year Current Month Previous Month KEY WORKLOAD INDICATORS YTD August July WIA / ARRA 1 Adult - Enrolled/Completed Training 0 1 0 0 0 Dislocated - Enrolled/Completed Training 0 0 Youth & Cal Works - Enrolled/Completed Train 4 0 0 9 L.A. County Summer Youth

The Committee reached consensus that any set of recommendations to the Mayor and City Council regarding revenue enhancements must be reasonable and balanced with expense reductions that can be implemented without excessive decreases in City services. Further, the Committee concurred that the net outcome of revenue enhancing and expenditure reduction measures will need to exceed $2.3 million annually by FY 2015-16 in order to realistically be able to meet the future fiscal needs of the community. As the discussions began to distill into recommendations, the Committee focused on specific financial actions to generate revenue increases and to decrease ongoing expenses, as well as on policy recommendations to address long term economic sustainably and financial prudence.

230 PACIFIC Town of LEGEND Junear / East EXISTING WATERSHED DRAINAGES FIGURE CO-2 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN IN THE MALIBU AREA Las TunasBeach 28 West Middle SCALE IN MILES Z Blg RockBeach o II 24 (E) La CostaBeach (23) Carbon coastal zoneboundary (2) MalibuLagoon StateBeach 12 OCEAN AmarilloBeach East Puerco/AmarilloBeach West PuercoBeach HUNNY 9 East SUNW CYN JON CorralBeach West (2) GAQ6 East Escondido West Paradise Cove (4) Malibu RivieraNorth Malibu RivieraSouth Fouquier 1100 CVII, CVI (V PERENNIAL OR INTERMITTENT STREAM 7 DAME None. AREA OF COASTALDRAINAGE PointDume Point Dume ClubMobile Home Park CITY LIMITS (9) (0 Zuma Beach D Zuma Bay Villa: LEGEND Zuma Beach C (00 Trancas Beach Zuma Beach B Garage 45 Zuma Beach A West 16. Sordische Ganyon 17. Puterior Carryon 17. Puterior Carryon 18. Writter Carryon 19. Writter Carryon 19. Writter Carryon 20. Malbu Creek 21. Swetswater Carryon 22. Las Flores Carryon 23. Las Flores Carryon 24. Malbu PO 2 à ( See. LechuzaPoint Beach (0) 30. Pedra/PescadorBeach S. Horaca S. - GVC9 ʼn, \mathcal{O} õ SOURCE: Mailbu Wastewater Management Study, 1992 OF RESIDENCE in ENCHAL - * (i) Ц Los AlisosCanyon East 11 Arrigos Sequelt Camyon 31 San Micholes Camyon 41 Los Alesse Camyon 42 Los Alesse Camyon 52 Learness Camyon 53 Learness Camyon 74 Seperph III Camyon 75 Teste Camyon 75 Teste Camyon 14 Walkand Camyon 14 Lander Camyon 15 E _ S East Nicholas Beach CFK m MONTANE DRAINAGES A West FIGURE CO-3ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVERESOURCE PROTECTION AREAS CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN BOUNDARY 10 COASTA Pose Ch SIGNITICAN FOUN NOMBLAND AND VARIANCE thi 1-4-16 Ý, SOURCE: MALLINELOGAL COASTAL PROCRAM, 1986FICURE 6, MALHILLAND USE PLAN SIGNITICANE WATERSHEDS (SEE ALSO HOURE CHA) P LOCALANDS TURBED SENSITIVE RESOURCE AREAS ** 11 年 ISECSID M VLING COLD CREEK MANAGEMENT AREA - Str 才 WHOLITEHAREATEINEAL 7 - -2411 UNVIRONMENT MAJAPSESSITIVE HANDEN MEER. ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE MARINE AND BEACH RESOURCES FIGURE CO-4 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN SCALE IN MILES BONTENYBO Z ااه 100 C TODAY COTON 3045 William . 2 412 N. Marie Α CHAUS Ш S GYON 0 SHED KONNYON GONE CHAS CVC CAUND CAUND Q OS WALEST COM BATTO BAIND THUNK MARSH-WETLAND HABITAT BARRO COASTAL BLUFFS BEACHUPLAND SANDY BEACH 4 DUNES \circ IMMICES CO. _ ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE HABITAT AREAS ON TO SHILLS TO THE TO Ц 23 The second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second s NEAR SHORE SHALLOW-WATER FISH HABITAT S TOWN SHOW Bung avap) Þ ENCHAL 'day HABITAT OF OTHER CLAMS ٩ UTILIZED BY SEA LIONS INTERTIDAL/SUBTIDAL PISMO CLAM HABITAT SHORE FISHING AREA SOURCE: Mailbu Local Coastal Program, 1986 ROCKY SHORELINE South of DECKER KELP BEDS MARINE 40.W 4 : FernwoodPacifica Drive 8 FIGURE CO-5SCENIC RESOURCES CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN 22b SCALE IN MILES 223 z ****** 17 ۰ SaddlePeak Road 16 SOURCE: Malfbu Local Coastal Program, 1986 Schuerer 13 15 Stunt Kellers ShelterVista Point 12 Saddle Peak-Schueren VistaPoint 3 MulhollandHighway VistaPoint PepperdineUniversity Α 80 Ш S 0 1 כיייים וייים אולים SIGNIFICANT RIDGELINE ROLLEG VIEWSHED BOUNDARY Ma SCENIC ROAD Center Center 9 Chffside Point DumeVista Point 15 Will Com AREAS HAVING OCEAN VIEWS 20 anna" SCENIC ELEMENTS CITY BOUNDARY DIO THENOR VISTA POINT 4 ****** m 13 Birdview \circ 2 LEGEND _ • Ц رد A STATE OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE 12 Upper Carbon Canyon Ollifs 13 Schemer Read Sandstone 14 Ordanista Loward Radge 15 Ord Townsy Sandstone 15 Ord Townsy Watergap 17 Fermon Histories 18 Lower Townsy Watergap 18 Lower Townsy Watergap 19 Canyon Canyon Histor ALT. 1 TrancasVista Point V Y. ٩ COAST A STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE STATE OF THE c Decker CanyonYouth Camp BICK - 1 West Muholand Highway Sandstone 1, 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and factor for 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and 2 and A. Little SycamoreCanyon Vista Point PAGIFIC SCENIC ELEMENTS 207 CHAPTUR 4.0 CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Legislative Authorization 4.1.2 Purpose and Scope 4.2 Circulation System 4.2.1 Description of System 4.2.2 Level of Service 4.2.3 Scenic Highways 4.2.4 Parking 4.2.5 Public Transit Services 4.3 Public Services 4.3.1 Fire Protection 4.3.2 Police Services 4.3.3 Schools .3.4 Hospitals 4.51'3'2 Appliktizee Circulation and Infrastructure Element Maps 4.3.6 Utilities 4,4,4 C GOAL 4 4.4743 GoldOMfedives, Policies and Implementation Measures 4:4:2 C GOXE 2 4[4][1 CCOXUI 4.4f'4'3 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 4.4.4 C GOAL 4 4.3.6 Utilities 4.5132 Application and Infrastructure Element Maps Hospitals .3.4 4.3.3 Schools 4.3.2 Police Services 4.3.1 Fire Protection 4.3 Public Services Public Transit Services 4.2.5 Parking 4.2.4 Scenic Highways 4.2.3 4.2.2 Level of Service 4.2.1 Description of System may represent the oil comme *** CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Legislative Authorization Government Code Section 65302(b) requires the general plan to include: A circulation element consisting of the general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, and other local public utilities and facilities, all corre- lated with the land use element of the plan. Additionally, Government Code Section 65303 is pertinent to the circulation element: The general plan may...address any other subjects which, in the judgement of the legislative body, re- late to the physical development of the county or city. 4.1.2 Purpose and Scope The Circulation and Infrastructure Element which has been required to be included in the general plan since 1955 is not considered just a transportation plan. The element should address the circulation of people, goods, energy, water, sewage, and communications. The purpose of this element is to present a plan for en- suring that public transportation, services, and utilities are constantly available to permit orderly growth and to promote public health, safety, and welfare. The element provides a framework within which individual property owners can plan the development of their property and be assured that basic infrastructure and ser- vices are available and adequate. Individual service providers and property owners generally are not aware of citywide or regional issues that affect the ultimate users of their development. This element provides an area-wide assessment of the different public transit, services, and utilities for a broader understanding of ser- vice provision. The Circulation and Infrastructure element sets forth policies and standards for the rational and cost-efficient provision and extension of public services to support planned development and protect natural resources. It addresses present conditions and concerns and sets measures for improvement. It is structured to accommo- date future growth and development patterns. The purposes and goals of the other elements go hand-in-hand with the goals of the circulation and infrastructure element. Together, they will serve as a guide for decision making by public and private investors, and for the future expenditure of public funds. Specifically, the Circulation and Infrastructure Element serves the following purposes: 1. As one of the state-mandated elements, it fulfills the requirements of the State Planning Act, and the regulations in Sections 65530 et seq. of the Government Code of the State of California. 2. The Circulation and Infrastructure Element evaluates the existing level of services of roads and public services and utilities in the city including vehicular roads, bike routes, bus service, water, sewer, police and fire protection, power, natural gas, telephone, solid waste disposal, cable, library, hospital and school services. It identifies concerns, deficiencies, needs and plans for meeting future needs. 3. The Circulation and Infrastructure Element informs the public of the goals, objectives, and policies of the City for maintenance and improvement of public services. It provides implementation measures and programs that will serve as a guide for the day-to-day operational decisions of City staff. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.2 Circulation System 4.2.1 Description of System The following section includes a brief description of circulation network found within the Malibu planning area. More detailed descriptions are contained in the Circulation and Infrastructure Background and Oppor- tunities and Constraints Reports prepared for the City as part of the General Plan program. The hierarchy of streets and highways in Malibu range from local streets to state highways. There are four classifications which summarize the existing roadway network in the City of Malibu: Major Arterials, Minor Arterials, Collectors, and Locals. Modified Major Arterial: Major roadways providing access from rural to urban areas and access to freeways. A typical major arterial consists of a 100-foot right-of-way with six lanes and controlled ac- cess, divided by a raised or striped median. Major arterials, serving as an intercity or community facil- ity are expected to carry the majority of traffic between Malibu, adjacent communities, and the freeway system (see Figure CI-1). Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) would typically be designated a major arterial. However, given topographical and safety constraints, PCH in Malibu is limited to four lanes and is des- ignated as a modified major arterial. Minor Arterial: Streets providing through service to commercial areas and between cities and/or pro- . viding access to highways and freeways. This roadway classification consists of an 80-foot right-of- way with four lanes, typically with a raised or painted median. Minor arterials, serving as a community facility, carry traffic through the community and collect traffic from collector roads. Collector: Streets that collect traffic from local streets within residential areas. Collectors are typically • characterized by both two lane and four lane undivided roadways with 64-foot rights-of-way. Collec- tors within this classification move moderate volumes of traffic through the community and serve as routes for locally generated traffic to connect to major and minor arterials. They serve as access routes for local residents to reach activity areas in the city and may also provide direct access to commercial properties. Local: Streets whose primary purpose is to provide access to individual properties. Locals are two-lane, ۰ undivided roadways with frequent driveway access and 48- to 58-foot rights-of-way, although many of the City's canyon access roads have less right-of-way. These roads are intended to provide access to adjacent residential land uses and to feed traffic to collectors and arterials. The existing roadway network in the City of Malibu and its vicinity is shown on Figure 4-1. The arterial network in Malibu consists of Pacific Coast Highway, a major four-lane state highway running the length of the City, and winding, mountainous, two-lane roadways with sharp turns, steep grades, and poor sight dis- tance. The following is a description of the existing roadway network serving the City of Malibu. Santa Monica Freeway (1-10) is a six-lane east-west freeway providing access to downtown Los An- geles. The freeway ties into the San Diego freeway (I-405) and, further to the east, the Harbor Freeway (1-110) and a chain of freeways in the vicinity of downtown Los Angeles. Near the coast, the Santa Monica freeway and State Highway 1 - Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) merge, serving the city as a four-lane roadway. The Santa Monica Freeway carries about 143,000 vehicles per day (Source: Cal- CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT trans, 1990) at its junction with PCH. Santa Monica Freeway is a designated route within the Conges- tion Management Program for Los Angeles County's roadway system. ٠ Ventura Freeway (US 101) is an eight-lane east-west freeway north of the City of Malibu. It provides access to Ventura County to the west and San Fernando Valley and the Los Angeles metropolitan area to the east. Interchanges at Topanga Canyon Boulevard, Las Virgenes Road (Malibu Canyon Road) and Kanan Road provide access to and from the City of Malibu. The Ventura Freeway carries ap- proximately 187,000 and 149,000 vehicles per day (Source: Caltrans, 1990) at its junctions with To- panga Canyon Boulevard and Las Virgenes Road, respectively. ٠ Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) (State Route 1) is a four-lane state highway traversing the city from east to west along the Pacific Coast. The right-of-way includes an intermittent center turning lane. Within the city, PCH is about 25 miles long with a posted speed limit between 45 and 55 miles per hour. PCH is the only major arterial within the city. It serves mostly commuters during the weekday peak hours. In the summer months, it serves as an access route to the beaches along the coast. Peak pe- riods for visitor traffic are on weekends and coincidental with the weekday afternoon commuter peak period. PCH has an average daily traffic level varying between 18,000 vehicles per day at its junction with Decker Canyon Road and 52,000 vehicles per day (Source: Caltrans, 1990) at its junction with Cross Creek Road. PCH carries approximately 47,000 vehicles per day (Source: Caltrans, 1990) at its junction with Las Flores Canyon Road. PCH also carries approximately 56,000 vehicles per day (Source: Caltrans, 1990) at its junction with Topanga Canyon Road. In the peak months, PCH carries approximately 57,000 vehicles per day in the vicinity of Cross Creek Road (Source: Caltrans, 1990). Left-turn lanes are provided at major intersections, and an intermittent center lane serves as a turn lane for developments along the highway. PCH is a designated bicycle route. Trucks over three axles are not permitted on PCH except for local delivery. PCH is a designated route within the Congestion Man- agement Plan for Los Angeles County's roadway system. Topanga Canyon Road (State Route 27) is a two-lane roadway just outside the eastern city border. ٠ Topanga Canyon Road starts at PCH and extends north to the San Fernando Valley, thus providing re- gional access to a predominantly residential neighborhood just outside the City of Malibu. It inter- changes with the Ventura Freeway (Hwy 101), and further north with Highway 118. At Pacific Coast Highway, Topanga Canyon Road is signalized and left-turn lanes are provided. Near PCH, Topanga has an average daily traffic (ADT) of about 14,000 vehicles (Source: Caltrans, 1990). North of Malibu, in the Woodland Hills area, Topanga becomes a four-lane arterial carrying about 30,000 vehicles per day (Source: Caltrans, 1990) near the Ventura Freeway. The posted speed limit is 35 mph. Topanga Canyon Road is a designated route within the Congestion Management Plan for the Los Angeles County roadway system. ٠ Malibu Canyon Road (County Highway N1) is a north-south arterial that extends from PCH to Highway 101 across the Santa Monica Mountains. Malibu Canyon Road has generally one lane in each direction. It is a four-lane roadway between PCH and Civic Center Way. It provides access to Pepper- dine University, Malibu Creek State Park located just north of the City, and to Hughes Research Cen- ter, just inside the City Limits. At its intersections with Pacific Coast Highway and Civic Center Way, Malibu Canyon Road is signalized. Near Mulholland Highway, Malibu Canyon becomes Las Virgenes Road, which interchanges with the Ventura Freeway. It provides regional access to communities south of the Ventura Freeway including Soka University. It is estimated that Malibu Canyon Road carries about 9,400 vehicles per day near PCH (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991) on a typical weekday. Also, Malibu Canyon Road is estimated to carry 19,600 vehicles per day north of Civic Cen- CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT ter Way (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991). Malibu Canyon Road serves both Land and through trips. Through trips are those trips which have both origin and destination outside the Cha of Malibu. A significant portion of through trips access western portions of Los Angeles County out- side Malibu from the areas around the Highway 101 corridor through the various canyon roads like Malibu Canyon Road. This is also referred to as Z-traffic. Further, a significant number of Z-trips ac- id is cess PCH from Malibu Canyon Road via Civic Center Way, thence Webb Way. bad, Corral Canyon Road is a two-lane north-south arterial connecting the Santa Monica Mountains wind tional Recreation Area, located north of the city, with Dan Blocker State Beach and Solstice Canyon Park. Further north, Corral Canyon Road provides access to Malibu Creek State Park, where it ends. เธย- Corral Canyon Road carries approximately 120 vehicles during the A.M. Peak Hour (Source: Los 111- 90). geles County Public Works, 1991). SKer. Latigo Canyon Road is a two-lane roadway oriented in the southeast/northwest direction. It begir ٠ Pacific Coast Highway and goes northwest across the Santa Monica Mountains, meeting Kanan Denice Road near the intersection at Mulholland Highway. This roadway serves mostly residents of Latigo Canyon. The posted speed limit varies from 10 to 20 miles per hour. It is estimated that Latigo Canyon Road carries about an average daily traffic volume of approximately 1,000 vehicles per day north Pacific Coast Highway, and about 300 vehicles per day near Kanan Dume Road (Source: Los Angelos County Public Works, 1991). ap- Kanan Dume Road (County Highway N9) is a four-lane highway extending from PCH in the soull- ٠ to Ventura Freeway in the north. It provides on/off ramps to the Ventura Freeway. It also provides to Ventura Freeway. gional access across the Santa Monica Mountains into the Malibu area. Kanan Dume Road connects Agoura with Malibu. It provides access to the beach. It becomes Kanan Road in the Seminole Springs area north of Mulholland Highway. Within the City limits, Kanan Dume Road is a City region and not a County road. In the vicinity of PCH, Kanan Dume Road has four travel lanes. The intergoiz tion of Kanan Dume Road and PCH is signalized, and left-turn lanes are provided. A runaway vehicle escape median (Truck Arrestor) is provided on Kanan Dume Road at PCH. Vehicles of weight Grant 8,000 lbs. or over two axles are not allowed on Kanan Dume Road. Kanan Dume Road carries ap- proximately 500 vehicles north of PCH during the A.M. Peak Hour (Source: City of Malibu, Trailing Counts 1992). Kanan Dume Road serves both local and through trips ("Z-traffic"). South of La Canyon Road, Kanan Dume Road carries an average daily traffic volume of approximately 5,400 vindos cles per day (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991). 1120 Decker Road (State Route 23) is a two-lane winding undivided roadway extending from Pacinic Coast Highway to Mulholland Highway just north of the city limit. Decker Road merges with Muljerin land Highway just north of its intersection with Lechusa Road. At Pacific Coast Highway, Decker Road is stop-controlled, and has an ADT of approximately 1,200 vehicles (Source: Caltrans, 1998). Decker Road is a designated scenic route. It is also a designated route within the Congestion Manium nds. ment Plan for Los Angeles County's roadway system. ry on Encinal Canyon Road is a north-south, two-lane roadway providing a connection between PCH park Mulholland Highway. Near Decker Road, Encinal meets Lechusa Road, which meets Decker Road, and continues east to Saddle Rock where it merges with Mulholland Highway. Encinal Canyon Road is stop-controlled at PCH. It is estimated from counts that Encinal Canyon Road carries about 1,200 ve- hicles per day near PCH (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991). CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Mulholland Highway is a two-lane arterial which extends southeast from PCH to Topanga Canyon ٠ Boulevard. Mulholland Highway starts as a north-south route just west of the city limit, then merges with Decker Road and Encinal Canyon Road further east, and continues east to Calabasas Highlands. At PCH, Mulholland Highway is stop-controlled. It connects major areas of state and local parks. Mul- holland Highway is a designated scenic route. Cross Creek Road is a two-lane roadway connecting various developments in the Malibu Civic Cen- . ter area to Malibu Canyon Road via Civic Center Way and to Pacific Coast Highway. The Cross Creek Road intersection with PCH is signalized. Cross Creek Road is a public roadway for a two block length serving commercial developments by PCH and a private road serving the residential area of Sierra Re- treat. In the vicinity of PCH, Cross Creek Road is estimated to carry 9,300 vehicles per day (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991). Las Flores Canyon Road is a winding, two-lane roadway that intersects PCH in Malibu and Rambla • Pacifica north of the city limits. The Rambla Pacifica and Las Flores Canyon Road intersections with PCH are both signalized, and operate with a single signal controller. North of PCH, Las Flores Canyon Road carries approximately 3,000 vehicles per day (Source: Los Angeles County Public Works, 1991). At this time, Las Flores Canyon also carries traffic from Rambla Pacifica neighborhood since Rambla Pacifica was closed due to slide activity. ٠ Civic Center Way is an east-west two-lane undivided roadway that connects Malibu Canyon Road and Cross Creek Road. It serves Malibu Civic Center traffic as well as Z-traffic traveling to and from Malibu Canyon Road to PCH. It intersects with Malibu Canyon Road at a signalized intersection. It ex- tends further to the east through Stuart Ranch Road/Webb Way to Cross Creek Road. The posted speed limit is 40 mph except for a short segment from Vista Pacifica Street to Malibu Canyon Road where the speed limit is 25 mph in the school zone only. . Trancas Canyon Road is a winding, two-lane undivided, mountainous roadway that extends north from Pacific Coast Highway to Santa Monica Mountains National Recreational Area. It intersects with PCH at a signalized intersection. It serves a primarily residential area. 4.2.2 Level of Service The concept of level of service (LOS) is normally used to describe the ability of a roadway to accommodate prevailing traffic volumes at the critical intersections based on the physical characteristics of the roadway. LOS ranges from "A" (which represents uncongested free-flow conditions) to "F" (representing total break- down with stop-and-go operation). LOS definitions are presented in more detail in Table 4-1. Caltrans has established that State Highways intersections have reached capacity when their LOS declines to E and that an acceptable operation on Pacific Coast Highway is LOS D. Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu has been defined by Caltrans to be in an urbanized area. Table 4-1 describes the relationship between operating char- acteristics and the volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratios for the various Levels of Service as defined in the Con- gestion Management Program for Los Angeles County, Final Draft, September 1992. These definitions are related to how well intersections function. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) offers additional definitions for Level-of-Service in its literature. The ITE definitions describe roadway segment function, a standard used in many other states. Traffic counts comprising typical weekday A.M. and P.M. Peak Hour counts were compiled at all the major ž intersections along Pacific Coast Highway within the City of Malibu. The data was primarily compiled from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and previous studies by Barton-Aschman Associates, CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Inc. This information was supplemented by traffic count data collected by Wiltee and Willdan Associates, In addition, a field reconnaissance on Pacific Coast Highway was conducted. The intersection data compiled from the above sources was updated to 1992 base year conditions by applying the regionally accepted ambi- ent growth rate wherever necessary. The various intersections analyzed in this study include the following: Pacific Coast Highway at Topanga Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway at Las Flores Canyon Road/Rambla Pacifica Pacific Coast Highway at Malibu Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway at Corral Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway at Latigo Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway at Zumirez Drive Pacific Coast Highway at Kanan Dume Road . Pacific Coast Highway at Encinal Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway at Decker Road . Pacific Coast Highway at Mulholland Drive ٠ The intersections of PCH with Mulholland Highway and Topanga Canyon Boulevard are located outside the City limits. For the purposes of this study, both signalized and unsignalized intersections were analyzed us- ing the "Intersection Capacity Utilization" technique. The capacity values used for unsignalized intersections were lower than those used for signalized intersections. Table 4-2 summarizes the existing levels of service at all the intersections listed above. The time periods analyzed are the A.M. and P.M. peak hours on a typical workday. In general, during the time periods ana- lyzed all the intersections except one (PCH and Topanga Canyon) are operating at levels of service accept- able to Caltrans. The PCH intersection with Topanga Canyon is operating at level of service F in the A.M. peak hour and D in the P.M. peak hour. The PCH/Las Flores Road intersection is operating at level of ser- vice C in the A.M. peak hour and D in the P.M. peak hour. Traffic conditions are expected to worsen in the future with or without buildout. However, the City is limited in what it can do to address the problem. Many of the roadways within Malibu are under the jurisdiction of either the State or the County. As regional growth increases, commuters will continue to utilize PCH as an alternative route to and from Los Angeles and visitors to beaches and regional parks in the City will in- crease; at the same time, the City does not expect the capacity of PCH to substantially increase. The City of Malibu considers itself as a rural rather than urban area and has adopted land use designations that will minimize traffic from resulting development in the City as much as possible but recognizes that the City will be forced to accept some of the expected regional traffic impacts because they are beyond the City's control. To the extent feasible and taking into account the other goals and policies of this Plan, the City will work to mitigate traffic impacts by cooperating with Caltrans and other surrounding jurisdictions, by ensuring ade- quate infrastructure for new development and by considering the adoption of a fee on proposed development to mitigate traffic impacts and fund necessary infrastructure improvements. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Table 4-1 INTERSECTION LEVEL-OF-SERVICE DEFINITIONS Level of Volume to Operating Conditions Service Capacity 0.00 - -0.60 A At Level-of-Service A there are no cycles which are fully loaded, and full are even close to loaded. No approach phase is fully utilized by traffic and no vehicle waits longer than one red indication. Typically the approach appears quite open, turning movements are easily made, and nearly all drivers find freedom of operation. В 0.60 - 0.70 Level-of-Service B represents stable operation. An occasional approach phase is fully utilized and a substantial number are approaching full use. Many drivers begin to feel somewhat restricted within platoons of vehicles. C 0.70 - 0.80 In Level-of-Service C station operation continues. Full signal cycle loading is still intermittent, but more frequent. Occasionally drivers may have to wait through more than one red signal indication, and back-ups may develop behind turning vehicles. D 0.80-0.90 Level-of-Service D encompasses a zone of increasing restriction approaching instability, Delays to approaching vehicles may be substantial during short peaks within the peak period, but enough CKX with lower demand occur to permit periodic clearance of developing queues, thus preventing excessive back-ups. E 0.90 - 1.00 Level-of-Service E represents the most vehicles that any particular intersection approach can accommodate. At capacity (V/C = 1.00) there may be long queues of vehicles waiting upstream of the intersection and delays may be great (up to several signal cycles). F >1.00 Level-of-Service F represents jammed conditions. Back-ups from locations downstream or on the cross street may restrict or prevent movement of vehicles out of the approach under consideration; hence, volumes carried are not predictable. V/C values are highly variable, because full utilization of the approach may be prevented by outside conditions. Congestion Management Program for Los Angeles County, Final Draft, September 1992. Source: Table 4-2 EXISTING LEVELS-OF-SERVICE A.M. Peak Hour P.M. Peak Hour Intersection V/C LOS V/C LOS PCH/Topanga Canyon Boulevard 1.18 F 0.82 D PCH/Las Flores Canyon Road C 0.74 D 0.81 PCH/Malibu Canyon Road 0.59 Α 0.66 В PCH/Corral Canyon Road 0.45 Α 0.52 A PCH/Latigo Canyon Road 0.50 Α 0.49 Α PCH/Zumirez Drive 0.56 Α 0.50 A PCH/Kanan Dume Road 0.46 Α 0.55 Α PCH/Encinal Canyon Road 0.31 A 0.44 Α PCH/Decker Road 0.30 Α 0.35 Α PCH/Mulholland Highway 0.17 Α 0.22 Α Source: Barton-Aschman Associates, 1992. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.2.3 Scenic Highways A primary component of many outdoor recreation activities is movement or travel. One of the most popular forms of outdoor recreation in southern California is driving for pleasure. The travel to and from recreational areas is considered a major part of the landscape system, both as a connecting element and as landscape. A scenic highway presents opportunities for visual stimulation from automobiles or tour buses. In the Malibu area, views from the roads are characterized by panoramic vistas of both steep canyon slopes covered with native vegetation and the Pacific Ocean. Although development along the coast has significantly reduced views of the ocean in some areas of Malibu, there is an opportunity for public investment to ensure the pres- ervation of many existing views. Many roads in Malibu are considered scenic, but only the Pacific Coast Highway has been officially designated as an eligible scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation. Official designation of scenic highways is conducted by the State Scenic Highway Advisory Committee. There are no specific regulations that define the visual characteristics which qualify a road as a scenic high- way, but the following parameters are often employed: Visibility - The driver should be able to experience scenery without having to stop or significantly change the necessary angle and duration of vision required for safe driving. Landforms - This parameter includes the physical characteristics of the natural corridor, such as gently ٠ rolling hills or rugged cliffs, streams, geologic formations, and distant ridges. Vegetation - This parameter includes the type of vegetation within view, such as row crops, orchards, chaparral or woodlands. Structures - Buildings may be included in scenic corridors and may add to scenic quality. Panoramas - Scenic overlooks with panoramic views of urban, rural, or natural areas should be in- cluded when available. The Scenic Highways Element of the Los Angeles County General Plan has identified 21 roads in the Malibu Coastal Zone as potential scenic highways. The scenic roads within the City of Malibu are: Tuna Canyon Road Pacific Coast Highway · Corral Canyon Road Kanan Dume Road Malibu Canyon · Latigo Canyon Road Birdview Avenue Cliffside Drive · Saddle Peak Road Encinal Canyon Road Decker Road Rambla Pacifico Road · Las Flores Canyon Road Cold Canyon Road Many of these scenic roads not only enhance the quality of the recreation experience, but also provide the kind of "open space system" that organizes and communicates the coherence and identity of the region. 4.2.4 Parking On-street parking is allowed at various locations within the City of Malibu, either on one or both sides along PCH (see Figure 4-2). PCH serves as the major route of access to the various beaches and beach side facili- ties within the City of Malibu. Also, there are several surface parking lots on the beach side of PCH within Malibu. On-street parking on Pacific Coast Highway has exacerbated peak hour traffic congestion as people CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT look for spaces, and get in and out of their vehicles. This parking arrangement has encouraged jay walking creating hazards for pedestrian and driver alike. The Local Coastal Plan must include sufficient parking for visitors. The approximate locations of on-street and off-street parking along PCH within the City of Malibu are shown in Figure CI-2. Except for a short segment of PCH just east of Big Rock Drive, on-street parking is allowed on either side of PCH from the eastern boundary of the City of Malibu to Corral Canyon Road. Parking is not allowed on either side of PCH between Busch Drive and Morning View Drive, and also in the vicinity of Trancas Canyon Road. Also, on-street parking is not allowed on the ocean side of PCH for a small segment just east of Encinal Canyon Road, and is restricted on the ocean side of PCH at Zuma Beach. 4.2.5 Public Transit Services The City of Malibu is currently served by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), which operates an intercity express bus route from Los Angeles to Trancas Canyon Road. Figure CI-3 shows the transit line #434. Para-transit services are also provided in the city. These services are oper- ated by Babaeian Transportation under contract with the City. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.3 Public Services 4.3.1 Fire Protection The Los Angeles County Fire Department provides fire protection service to the City of Malibu. Currently, four stations (Nos. 70, 71, 88 and 99) directly serve the City, but all Los Angeles County Fire Department resources are available to serve the City. The adequacy of fire protection services is assessed according to standards of response distance from a fire station. The distance standards vary according to the type and intensity of residences (see Table 4-4). Table 4-4 summarizes the equipment and staff resources at each station. As shown, there are a total of seven en- gine companies which are staffed with firefighters in and near the City of Malibu during each shift. In the event of a major fire, additional equipment is kept in reserve at most of the stations to be used by off- duty firefighters. The Ventura County Fire Department's staff indirectly provides fire protection services to the Santa Monica Mountains by protection and control of fires on adjacent lands. The United States Park Service also provides additional fire protection. 4.3.2 Police Services The City of Malibu is served by the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department. The sheriff operates a station in the Lost Hills area north of the City; the County recently closed their station in the Civic Center. Police protection in the City is hampered by the length of the City and its relatively low density. The secluded ori- entations of many residential neighborhoods provide little or no opportunity for regular visual inspection from major arterial roadways. Average response time is within normal range because the Lost Hills station is fully staffed. 4.3.3 Schools The elementary schools and high school district in Malibu are served by the joint Santa Monica-Malibu Uni- fied School District, an independent agency governed by a Board of Trustees. Enrollment has increased sub- stantially since 1980. The classrooms in Malibu are nearing capacity due to population increases. There are two elementary schools in Malibu run by the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District: Cabrillo Ele- mentary and Webster Elementary. Both schools are now experiencing increasing levels of enrollment. Dur- ing the 1995 school year both schools experienced an increase of approximately 30 students. Some of this increase is from students who do not live in Malibu. The schools each accept students from other districts if their parents work or have some type of child care arrangements in Malibu. Existing and proposed student enrollment is listed in Tables 4-6 and 4-7. A third elementary school on Point Dume was closed in the 1980s due to lack of students and is now operated as a community center. This site is still owned by the school dis- trict. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Table 4-4 FIRE STATIONS SERVING MALIBU Average Response Total Number Station Number Equipment Station Staff Time* of Fires, 1991 Station 67-Calabasas** 1 Fire Engine 1 Captain 5 minutes 51 25801 Pyuma Road 1 T 125 Ladder 1 FFS 1 Patrol (unstaffed) 1 FF Station 69-S. Topanga** 1 Fire Engine 1 Captain 5 minutes NA 401 S. Topanga Canyon 2 Patrol (1 unstaffed) 1 FFS Reserve: 1 Engine 2 FF Station 70-Malibu 1 Fire Engine 1 Battalion Chief 3 minutes 37 3970 Carbon Cyn. Road 1 Patrol 1 Captain 1 BC Car 1 FFS 1 Utility Vehicle 2 FF 1 USAR Trailer Reserve: 1 Engine 1 Water Tender 1 BC Car Station 71-Malibu 1 Fire Engine 1 Captain 3 minutes 18 28722 W. PCH 1 Paramedic 1 FFS 1 Patrol (unstaffed) 3 FF/PM Station 72-Malibu** 1 Fire Engine 1 Captain 5 Minutes 37 1832 S. Decker Road Reserve: 1 FFS 1 Patrol 1 FF 1 Engine Station 88-Malibu 1 Telesquirt 1 Captain 3 Minutes 40 23720 W. Malibu Road 1 Paramedic 1 FFS 3 FF/PM Station 99-Malibu 1 Fire Engine 1 Captain 3 Minutes 11 32550 PCH Reserve: 1 FFS 1 Engine 1 FF 1 Patrol * Response time varies due to the location of event, Time is longer for events in the canyons, and shorter for events along the coast. ** Not located within Malibu City Limits FF Firefighter FFS Firefighter specialist/engineer PM Paramedic NA Information not available Source: Los Angeles County Fire Department, 1995 CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Table 4-5 DESIRED FIRE RESPONSE DISTANCE FOR RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS Housing Type Density Response Distance Single-Family Detached < 1 unit/acre 5 miles Mobile Homes 13.3 units/acre 3 miles Multiple-Family 6.6 units/acre 1.5 miles Source: Los Angeles County Fire Department, 1992 Table 4-6 CABRILLO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT ENROLLMENT 1991—1995 Grade Level 1994-95 1993-94 1992—93 1991-92 K 67 68 56 66 1 86 79 48 66 2 79 78 47 49 3 86 62 47 53 4 72 56 54 61 5 67 58 59 65 Total 457 401 335 336 Source: Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District, 1995 Table 4-7 WEBSTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT ENROLLMENT 1991—1995 Grade Level 1994-95 1993---94 1992—93 1991-92 K 77 65 57 58 1 81 87 59 71 2 72 88 71 59 3 70 74 46 59 4 72 63 46 57 5 57 46 51 CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT Table 4-8 MALIBU HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT ENROLLMENT 1991—1995 Grade Level 1994-95 1993-94 1992-93 1991-92 6 125 139 111 98 7 148 151 100 111 8 146 114 113 103 9 124 123 82 NA 10 96 110 NA NA 11 111 0 NA NA 12 0 0 NA NA Total 750 637 406 312 NA = Not applicable. The school did not accept high school students. Source: Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District, 1995 High School Malibu High School is located at 30215 Morning View Drive, adjacent to Cabrillo Elementary and just northwest of Point Dume. The school currently serves grades 6 through 9 and will continue to add a grade for the next three years resulting in the service of grades 6 through 12 by the year 1995. The school site is approximately 25.9 acres with 20 of those acres donated for the Malibu Equestrian Center by the Malibu/Santa Monica Unified School District. An additional 22 acres declared as surplus has been given to the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy for first right of refusal. Existing and proposed student enrollment is listed in Table 4-8. 4.3.4 Hospitals The City of Malibu uses Santa Monica Hospital as the base hospital for emergency care for residents in Malibu. Santa Monica Hospital is located at 1250 16th Street in the City of Santa Monica-a distance of between 4.5 and over 25 miles from Malibu, depending upon from where in Malibu the distance is meas- ured. Travel to the hospital can take as much as 40 minutes at other than peak hours. Nearby hospitals used when Santa Monica Hospital emergency facilities are at full capacity are the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center located at 10833 Le Conte Avenue in Los Angeles, and Westlake Hospital located at 4415 South Lakeview Canyon Road, Westlake Village. Helicopters are often used during peak periods to reduce travel times. The adequacy of hospital services is difficult to determine due to the different range of services offered. 4.3.5 Libraries The Malibu Library is a branch of the Los Angeles County library system and is located at 23519 Civic Cen- ter Way. It is the only library facility serving the City of Malibu. The Malibu Library provides adult and ju- venile reference services and materials; audiovisual materials, including compact discs, VHS videocassettes and Listen for Pleasure audiocassettes; Reader's Advisory. The Malibu Library serves a population of 20,282 and 7,506 housing units in and around the City. The library is 16,530 square feet and holds over 64,000 books. The library maintains a cooperative lending relationship with County library in Los Angeles through the South State Cooperative Library System. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.3.6 Utilities The Southern California Edison Company (SCE) provides electricity from three primary stations and three secondary stations. The Southern California Gas Company provides natural gas and General Telephone pro- vides telephone service. Cable television is an information and entertainment source for residents of most areas of the City. Presently, Falcon Cable services the Malibu area. Water is supplied to the City of Malibu by County Waterworks District No. 29 from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). The MWD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the Colorado River. Wholesalers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District and the West Basin Municipal Water District. These wholesalers distribute to three retailers which include the Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 29, Silvas Park Mutual Water Company, and Las Virgenes Metro Water District. Many of the City's water mains and tanks have been identified by the City and by Waterworks District No. 29 as severely undersized. District No. 29 estimates it may cost $100,000,000 to upgrade the City's water system to current minimum standards. There are also a number of private wells that supply water within the City. However, the utilization of wells as a source of potable water has steadily declined since 1965, when water became available through the MWD. Although the amount of water supplied by these wells is now considered to be insignificant, they are sources of inexpensive water to agricultural and other interests located away from piped water service (In- corporation of Malibu EIR, 1989). Municipal sewer service is available only up to the far eastern end of the City. There is no municipal sewer in Malibu. There are five small, package sewage treatment plants within the city: the Latigo Bay Shores, Point Dume, Trancas Canyon, Malibu Mesa and Maison de Ville. Hughes Research Lab operates their own facilities and Pepperdine University is served by the Malibu Mesa Plant. These plants are described in detail in the Philip Williams & Associates Ltd. and Peter Warshall and Associates report of March 1992 entitled "The Malibu Wastewater Management Study." Most wastewater is treated on-site. Improperly maintained septic systems have caused alleged health and safety problems, but, with adequate area for leaching fields or regular disposal, can be safely operated in almost all areas of the City. The "Malibu Wastewater Management Study" recommends programs for ensur- ing that septic systems are properly engineered, installed and maintained. Details of the hazards associated with the systems are described in the Background Report to the Safety Element. Solid waste disposal in Malibu is presently handled by four private hauling companies, one of which is un- der contract to service the Los Angeles County/Malibu Garbage Disposal District. All four haulers deliver solid waste to the Calabasas Landfill. The Calabasas Landfill is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Sanitation District and services Malibu as one of many regional sources. The landfill is presently scheduled for closure in 2015 and as of 1990, has a remaining capacity of 12 million tons of waste yielding a projection that the landfill will accommodate an average 500,000 tons of waste each year during that period. Malibu contributes less that 10% of that amount. Based on the 1992 Preliminary Draft Source Reduction and Recycling Element for the City of Malibu, there were 38,750 tons of waste disposed from Malibu residents and businesses in 1991. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.4 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 4.4.1 C GOAL 1: SAFE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE CITY C OBJECTIVE 1.1: SAFE, EFFICIENT AND CONVENIENT TRAFFIC SYSTEM WITH A MINIMUM OF IMPACT OR COST. C Policy 1.1.1: Where level of service at signalized intersections and roadways is below LOS C, the City shall ensure that proposed development maintains the then current LOS. Where LOS at signalized intersections and roadways is at LOS C or above, the City shall ensure that proposed development (1) does not cause a degradation of LOS greater than or equal to two percent in the circumstances set forth in Land Use Implementation Measure 70 and (2) does not degrade LOS below LOS C. C Policy 1.1.2: The City shall utilize sound traffic engineering and enforcement principles to safely regulate traffic and improve traffic flow. C Policy 1.1.3: The City shall improve traffic flow through procedural improvements. C Policy 1.1.4: The City shall reduce peak time traffic. To implement this policy the City shall: C Implementation Measure 1: Implement the provisions of the Los Angeles County Congestion Manage- ment Program by requiring development projects to analyze and provide appropriate mitigation for traffic impacts on regional circulation facilities. C Implementation Measure 2: Utilize appropriate operational and physical improvements such as meter- ing, signal synchronization, pedestrian overpasses, re-signalization, provision of acceleration/deceleration lanes, and improvement of existing and creation of new left turn lanes. C Implementation Measure 3: Cooperate with Caltrans, the Counties of Los Angeles and Ventura, the City of Los Angeles, and neighboring cities along the Ventura Freeway to improve the flow of traffic in sur- rounding areas which impact Malibu traffic. C Implementation Measure 4: Ensure that proposed development mitigate traffic impacts by building or financing infrastructure improvements necessary to serve the development and by considering adoption of a traffic impact fee. C Implementation Measure 5: Undertake a study of 1996 traffic conditions in the City, including peak hour and summer traffic. The study shall include an analysis of future infrastructure capacity. The results of the study shall be presented to the City Council in Fall 1996. C Implementation Measure 6: Promote cooperation between the City, County, Sheriff and Caltrans to limit and restrict hours of closure of PCH, Malibu Canyon Road and Kanan Dume Road lanes during repairs, con- struction, filming, and other activities. C Implementation Measure 7: Work with the fire and sheriff to minimize road closures due to accidents and disasters and to facilitate traffic flow on these occasions. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT C Implementation Measure 8: Adopt Transportation System Management and Transportation Demand Management programs. C Implementation Measure 9: Work with Caltrans to reconfigure the two-way left-turn median lane on PCH to maximize safe accessibility to structures immediately adjacent to the highway and to retain continu- ous emergency vehicle passage. C Implementation Measure 10: Work with Caltrans to maintain ban trucks over three axles on PCH except for local deliveries. C Implementation Measure 11: Work with Caltrans to ban trucks over 8,000 pounds on Kanan Dume Road except for local deliveries. C Implementation Measure 12: Strictly enforce speed limits on highways and roads within the City. C Implementation Measure 13: Configure parking in residential areas on the inland side of PCH near beach areas to avoid pedestrians crossing PCH. C Implementation Measure 14: Consolidate curb cuts on PCH to achieve no more than one per 200 feet, wherever feasible. C Implementation Measure 15: Facilitate the ability of residents to work at home workplace alternatives such as telecommuting centers. C Implementation Measure 16: Seek legislation to give the City a voice in management and operation of State highways within the city. C OBJECTIVE 1.2: AN EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM THAT IS MULTI-MODAL. C Policy 1.2.1: The City shall promote a balanced and integrated transportation system and re- duce dependence on the automobile. C Policy 1.2.2: The City shall encourage the use of alternative modes of transportation. C Policy 1.2.3: The City shall develop year-round local and regional public transportation. C Policy 1.2.4: The City shall develop bikeways, pedestrian walkways, and equestrian paths in areas that can safely accommodate them. To implement these policies the City shall: C Implementation Measure 17: Monitor transportation planning in the area bounded by PCH and the 101, 405 and 10 Freeways. C Implementation Measure 18: Seek public and private funds for programs that promote multi-modal transportation. C Implementation Measure 19: Collaborate with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) to provide more efficient and convenient bus service to the area and connections to other MTA service. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT C Implementation Measure 20: Promote a pilot program with MTA utilizing low emissions fuel in vehi- cles. C Implementation Measure 21: Develop a convenient and efficient transport system for the elderly and disabled. C Implementation Measure 22: Consider the use of Proposition "A" funds to subsidize mass-transit and paratransit services for the elderly, disabled and youth. C Implementation Measure 23: Require commercial development to adequately accommodate pedestrian and bike traffic. C Implementation Measure 24: Implement a bikeway and pedestrian walkway plan designed to improve visitor and resident circulation. C OBJECTIVE 1.3: ADEQUATE OFF-STREET PARKING. C Policy 1.3.1: The City shall require sufficient off-street parking. C Policy 1.3.2: The City shall develop alternate parking opportunities for recreational uses to minimize disruption of residential neighborhoods, and to reduce air pollution. To implement these policies the City shall: C Implementation Measure 25: Require proposed development to provide adequate off-street parking in- cluding shared beach parking if appropriate. C Implementation Measure 26: Cooperate with other governmental agencies to provide satellite park and ride facilities for cross-mountain and PCH bus transport to and from Malibu for commuters and recreational users. C Implementation Measure 27: Reduce congestion on PCH by cooperating with and encouraging other governmental agencies to expand parking opportunities to serve presently under-utilized beaches in areas surrounding Malibu. C Implementation Measure 28: Encourage provision of low-emission vehicles to provide shuttle service from parking areas to recreational areas. C Implementation Measure 29: Permit preferential parking for non-polluting alternate fuel vehicles. 4.4.2 C GOAL 2: ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE, COST EFFECTIVE AND SAFE SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE C OBJECTIVE 2.1: CONTAMINATION AND POLLUTION FROM WASTE DISPOSAL RE- DUCED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICAL BY THE YEAR 2000. C Policy 2.1.1: The City shall reduce the consumption of nonrenewable resources. C Policy 2.1.2: The City shall protect the quality of surface and groundwater. C Policy 2.1.3: The City shall minimize ecological damage and public health hazards from waste disposal. × CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 225 C Patter 2, 1, 4: The City shall encourage utilization of innovative alternative methods of waste- water treatment. C Policy 2.1.5: The Eights protect residents from the hazards associated with increases in the TEGRATED WITH THEIR SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS OR Lo imble of The Salvolicie PUBLIC SCHOOLS THAT ARE PHYSICALLY AND FUNCTIONALI C Implementation MeasuALAYTILLASO building Clift plumbing codes as necessary to incorporate innova- SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES TO SERVE THE TIME BRUGATIONAL PACILITIES TO SERVE THE TIME BRUGATIONAL PROBLEM TO SERVE THE I water including methods of greywater treatment and disposal. C Imblementation Measure 31: Adobt standards and biodianis to encourage on-site mastemater recocling. C Implementation Measure 38: நெக்குமெறு வரியிரு முறிம் முறிம் முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியிரு முறியி ciency. a seven-day emergency water supply. C Implemnty their Department 19: increase, white ristorage and is trategic head to a problem this fail is the resonance of problems and problems and the resonance of the resonance of the resonance of the resonance of the r nation to nentation Measure 37c Work with appropriate agencies such as Water District 29 and the L C Implementation Measure 34: Require all sewage and wastewater created on property to be processed on- site or by mentation by Mensure 33 dielectrify low plib by the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the C Implementation boltom tree ( A.S. A) in the information about the proper operation and maintenance of on- site disposal systems. cies. C OBJEOTICA ( P.R. The Giry shall growing adequate mater storage for fire lighting and lother end AZE BY THE YEAR 2000. BY THE YEAR 2000. C Petry E33: AN ADEQUATE MATERISURELY FOR DAIL MANDEMERGENCHERON- cies. sal systems. Lo imblementation Measure 35: Distribute information about the proper operation and maintenance C Imple a netaphochood sowage income and in a cooperative system with the property and sonices: nentation Measure 34: Require all sewage and wastewater created on property to be process C Implemental pabblicaple state, county and minimizinal health codes: has Water District 29 and the Los An- geles Comentation) Measure 33: Roquire all curtout on site a year of isposal system proceding is barr ordined to assure a seven-day emergency water supply. C Implementation Measure 32: Require on substitution splitting the relation of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of substitution of mentation Measure 31: Adopt standards and programs to encourage on-site wastewater recy-tecpaimed material including an area material and quishosal. 4.4.3 C GUAL 3: ods of protecting geother was tall disposing of solid was a different and editional each time as a school sound editional each time. mentation Measure 30. Revise building and plumbing codes as necessary to incorporate in C OBJECTIVE 3.1: PUBLIC SCHOOLS THAT ARE PHYSICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY IN- TEGRATED WITH THEIR SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS OR SER- VICE AREAS. CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT C Policy 3.1.1: The City shall encourage location of future school sites which are physically and functionally integrated with their surrounding neighborhoods and community. C Policy 3.1.2: The City shall coordinate with the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District to share facilities and programs. To implement this policy the City shall: C Implementation Measure 39: Cooperate with the school and community college districts, to the extent feasible, to secure adequate funding of new school facilities. C Implementation Measure 40: Work with the school and community college districts to coordinate school facility planning and site acquisition. C Implementation Measure 41: Initiate cooperative agreements with SM/MUSD to share facilities and implement educational and recreational programs. 4.4.4 C GOAL 4: SCENIC ROADS AND ROADWAYS C OBJECTIVE 4.1: A SYSTEM OF SCENIC ROUTES WITHIN THE CITY. C Policy 4.1.1: The City shall develop a system of landscaped scenic routes utilizing indigenous and native landscaping. To implement this policy the City shall: C Implementation Measure 42: Apply for State scenic highway status for roadways in Malibu. C Implementation Measure 43: Prepare a master plan of street trees and landscaping. C Implementation Measure 44: Work with the Chamber of Commerce and local business on a plan for the beautification of businesses and parking lots. C Implementation Measure 45: Work with Caltrans, the California Coastal Commission, County Beaches and Harbors and other agencies to ensure that new roadway furniture (such as bus benches and trash recep- tacles) harmonize with the natural rural environment. C Implementation Measure 46: Prohibit off-site advertising signs. C Implementation Measure 47: Provide adequate signs to identify scenic corridors, viewpoints and public amenities. . CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 4.5 Appendix—Circulation and Infrastructure Element Maps Figure CI-1: Major Arterial Roadway Netword Figure CI-2: Approximate Locations of Parking Along Pacific Coast Highway Figure CI-3: SCRTD Bus Route 0.00 The second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second second s The state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of t Principle and the second Legend PACIFIC L: Parking Lot No Parking Parking Allowed City Boundary OCEAN. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF PARKING ALONG PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY N BARTON-ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES, INC. FIGURE CITY MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGUR 1-2 FIGURE CI-3 Z NOT TO SCALE Alternate Route Via Morning View Dr. To Los Angeles Route for Trips Originating or Terminating at Bickwell & Main Sts. 18 voitousuren 14. SCRTD Bus Route W. LATransitConter Bus Stops Legend * VA XBINET Santa Monica CULVER Fwy. San San San San San San San San San San tin St. 811 S1 Helson WY SANTA Pour 15 ond B San B 2nd 51. Tomoscol Cyn Ad Ocean B 185 Rd PACIFICPALISADES O' MALIBU BEACH z Ě Ψ, Tuna Cyn MALIBU ч C 110 0 CIOSS CIF Вq of the Oston. COASI 1/2 Chic Cir. My. Felicial Dr. Sa. Calay Cirrisid be emud done Ad GENERAL PLAN C IQ eunq Sucwater Roll SCRTD BUS ROUTE [BBARTON-ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES INC. ائم Month Distriction WESTWARD COR OF 24 t) AV Kofuseno TrancasCyn Rd ч, LEO CARRILLOSTATE BEACH ď PACIFIC ò - 17 SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 11 CHAPTER 5.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Legislative Authorization 5.1.2 Purpose and Scope 5.2 Existing Conditions 5.2.0 Purpose 5.2.1 Geology and Topography 5.2.2 Geologic Hazards 5.2.3 Climate 5.2.4 Crime 5.2.5 Fire Hazards 5.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 5.3.1 S GOAL 1 5.3.2 S GOAL 2 5.3.3 S GOAL 3 5.4 Appendix—Safety Element Maps and Figures 1.5 SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Legislative Authorization California Code Section 65302(1) requires each local government to prepare and adopt a Safety Element as a component of their General Plan. This involves identifying and mapping natural hazards and the admini- stration of zoning and subdivision regulations that account for the safety hazards. Avoiding loss of life and property can be achieved if the problem areas of a community are recognized early and if the planning and approval process undertake an orderly means of mitigating potential hazards. California Government Code Section 65302(g) recognizes that many actions that reduce risk from such haz- ards as fire, storms, flooding, and landsliding also may result in the reduction of risks from earthquakes. In accordance with the statutory requirements of the code, the Safety Element must assess threats to public health and safety from, but not limited to, the following: . Seismic hazards: ground shaking, surface rupture, and ground failure; Geologic hazards: slope instability, landsliding, and unstable ground; Flood and inundation hazards: tsunami, seiche, dam failure, and storm induced flooding; ۰ Wildland and urban fire hazard; and . Other safety issues as desired by the community, or suggested in the General Plan Guidelines, includ- ing the threat of hazardous materials releases, potentially hazardous buildings, protection of critical fa- cilities, and emergency response issues. 5.1.2 Purpose and Scope Much of the City of Malibu remains undeveloped as a result of constraints posed by the natural environ- ment. Early identification of these hazards can minimize the level of public exposure. With regard to fault- ing and seismicity, primary hazards include surface fault rupture and ground shaking, while secondary seis- mic hazards include tsunamis, seiche, liquefaction, lateral spreading and seismically-induced subsidence and landslide movement. Slope instability, including landslides, mud and debris flows, and soil creep, have a common occurrence in hillside areas. Expansive soils, compressible or collapsible soils, high groundwater and shoreline regression are additional geologic/geotechnical hazards which occur throughout the City. Each of these geologic/geotechnical and safety hazards is a constant threat to the property and health of residents in Malibu within and surrounding the areas where they exist. The purpose of the Safety Element is to create a cohesive guide consisting of specific policy-oriented im- plementation measures. The policies and implementation measures contained in this element will provide direction and a course of possible future action for the various City departments. To achieve its purpose, the City of Malibu General Plan accounts for hazardous issues. The intention is to reduce the potential for loss of life, injuries, damage to property, and social and economic dislocation resulting from major hazards throughout the community. A detailed analysis of the physical characteristics of Malibu and a list of the source documents used in the analysis may be found in the Safety Element Background Report. \sim SAFETY AND THAT IT ELEMENT 5.2 Existing Conditions 5.2.0 Purpose The following information summarizes background data and analysis prepared as part of the preparation of this General Plan and Safety Element. A full and complete copy of the background studies is available for public revi public review in the City's Planning Department offices. · Monterey Shale 5.2.1 Geology and Topography · Coal Canyon Formation The City of Malibu is located within the Santa Monica Mountal Asynchrology and rug- ged hillsides and valleys and canyons draining into the Pacific Ocean. Elevations within the City range from sea level to approximately 1,700 feet above sea level. Most of the delevelope change and property to the below 100 feet with the exception of the Point Dume and Malibu Park areas whice here the elevation of 500 feet. The hillsides and coastal mesas such as Big Rock and Las Flores have elegitible ranging from 300 to 400 feet above sea level. 5) Sandstones Mudstones The City is in an area of the California coast that encompasses extremely complex geology that has resulted from the geologic uplift that formed the Santa Monica Mountains. The City is located within the northwest- ern corner of the Los Angeles basin, which lies at the boundary அன்புகோத்து முடிந்து நடிய முடிக்கு வந்து or structural provinces of southern California: the Peninsular Ranges province, consisting primarily of a northwest-oriented structural grain, and the Transverse Ranges structural province, which features a pre- dominantly east-west-oriented structural grain. Malibu area are generally highly folded and The Los Angeles structural basin originated roughly 16 million acan apply (Karkes on all 1982) the requestion of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the geologic epoch, but the Los Angeles basin area in general has been a site of continuous sequentially debosi- tion for at least the past 80 million years, or since the Late Cretification with the past 80 million years, or since the Late Cretification with the past 80 million years, or since the Late Cretification with the past 80 mentary rocks underlying the Santa Monica Mountains in the Malibu area are generally highly folded and complexly faulted, making their stratigraphic interpretation very difficult for geologists (Yerkes and Campbell 1970) bell, 1979). Ranges province, consisting primarily of a The geologic formations that are present in the Malibu area (see விரார்யம் நடித்தொடுக்க பாரில் மாரில் நடித்தும் நடித்து மாரில் நடித்து மாரில் நடித்து மாரில் நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து நடித்து gineering geologic rock types that include, in alphabetical orderins. The City is located within the northwest- extremely complex geology that has resulted Alluvium (creek beds) Conglomerates Mudstones Beach and sand dune deposits Colluvium (foothill areas) Sandstones · Cemented sandstones Debris flow deposits res have elegations ranging from 300 to 400 Cherts Diatomaceous beds k areas whick/geach/an elevation of 500 feet. Claystones Mixed-tock terrace debobe developed areas along the coast he below Ocean. Elevations within the City range from The common geologic formation names in the Malibu area woulds which also guaranteed by steep and infe- · Calabasas Formation Conejo Volcanics Coal Canyon Formation · Llajas Formation Modelo Formation Monterey Shale Sespe Formation · Topanga Canyon Formation Trancas Formation · Tuna Canyon Formation · Vaqueros Formation Zunia Volcanics SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Other geologic names used to describe the earth materials in the Malibu area which are geologically younger than the formations listed above would include: Artificial fill · Landslides and landslide deposits · Coastal terrace deposits · Stream terrace deposits Debris trains · Undifferentiated surficial deposits · Fan deposits The complexity of the interrelationship between all of the geologic rock types has resulted from the fault movements along the Malibu Coast fault and the myriad of subsidiary faults, mapped and as yet unmapped. The local bedrock structure of the Santa Monica Mountains in the Malibu area north of the Malibu Coast fault zone can be modeled as an asymmetric, south-vergent, westward-plunging anticline, whose southern limb has been partially truncated by the Malibu Coast Fault Zone (Yerkes and Campbell, 1980; Dibblee, 1982). This structural style of broad anticlinal folding reflects a higher degree of mechanical competency, and propensity for brittle deformation, within the sandstone and siltstone bedrock sequence occurring north of the Malibu Coast Fault Zone; e.g., Tuna Canyon Formation, Sespe Formation, Vaqueros Formation, and Topanga Group. South of the Malibu Coast Fault Zone, the ductile bedrock units, Trancas and Monterey Formations, contain a high percentage of shales, mudstones and diatomaceous rocks exhibiting complex folding and pervasive shearing. However, bedrock structure on both sides of the Malibu Coast Fault Zone exhibit overwhelming evidence for south-vergent compressive deformation, including north-dipping bedding parallel to axial plane shear surfaces, gently plunging fold axes trending east-west, small-scale shear and fault surfaces exhibiting top-to-the-south displacement in exploratory trenches and roadcuts, and the ubiquitous 45-to-80-degree northward dips of all fault splays within the Malibu Coast Fault Zone, including the Malibu Coast Fault proper (Yerkes and Wentworth, 1965; RSA Associates, 1989, 1990; Rzonca et al, 1991). 5.2.2 Geologic Hazards Faulting and Seismicity: The recently published foreword from "California at Risk, Reducing Earthquake Hazards 1992-1996" explains the State viewpoint on the importance of recognizing seismic hazards with the following: It is government's primary duty to assure public safety. No California jurisdiction would ignore a ma- jor toxic spill threat, a big fire hazard, or any other such "clear and present danger." While the dan- gers posed by earthquakes are clear, many of the responsible government officials do not see them as clearly present and immediately threatening. Thus it is essential to emphasize the earthquake danger to public safety and economic stability. This ever-present hazard can be reduced and emergency response strengthened. The State of California has aggressively embarked on its goal to significantly improve earthquake safety by the year 2000. An agenda of initiatives has been established that will involve dozens of state agencies, local agencies, the private sector, and volunteer groups. The state program includes 42 initiatives in five catego- ries: 1. Addressing the hazards associated with existing vulnerable facilities, including utility and transporta- tion systems as well as buildings; SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 2. Improving the seismic resistance of new facilities; 3. Improving management of the emergency response and relief efforts; 4. Improving disaster recovery; and 5. Supporting research and public information and education. The important initiatives that have resulted from the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake in the San Francisco area are a clue to some of the important issues which could be important to Malibu as follows: ۰ Initiative 1.1: Establish seismic evaluation and retrofit building standards. ٠ Initiative 1.3: Improve safety of older public school buildings. ۰ Initiative 1.8: Improve safety of homes. Improper wall bracing and anchorage can lead to condemned buildings and the number of homeless following a major quake. Initiative 1.9: Improve safety of mobile homes. ٠ • Initiative 1.11: Reduce work-place hazards. Furniture, equipment, and stock often are not secured, causing loss of function, hazards to employees, and significant damage. Initiative 1.16: Improve earthquake performance of transportation structures. A major effort is re- • quired to retrofit highway bridges. Initiative 2.2: Map geologic hazards. • Initiative 3.1: Improve emergency communications systems. ۰ Initiative 3.6: Improve shelter planning. Urban earthquake victims require shelter services for a longer period than victims of other disasters. Initiative 4.1: Implement recovery guidelines. . In addition to the above, a review of the Initiatives in the "California at Risk, Reducing Earthquake Hazards 1992-1996" also outlines numerous other state initiatives which can serve as guidelines for the City of Malibu when picking its priorities. Summaries of these important initiatives have been reproduced in the Safety Element Background Report in Appendix B, Summary Of California Seismic Safety Commission Initiatives, 1992-1996. Actual State legislation which may affect Malibu is summarized in Appendix C, Leg- islation: The Last Five Years. There are numerous faults surrounding and traversing the Malibu area, including the Malibu Coast Fault, the Santa Monica Fault, the Las Flores Reverse Fault, and the Anacapa Fault. These faults are not well defined as they are not generally visible on the surface. Maps provided in the Background Report to Safety Element of the General Plan delineate a 1,000-foot area on either side of all faults as areas which could be subject to seismic hazard; see also Figures S-2 and S-3. The location, geometry, sense of displacement and magnitude of maximum credible earthquake (MCE) events along the following regional faults, each of which may generate strong ground shaking impacting the Malibu area, are described below. (The Maximum Credible Earthquake Event is the worst-case design earthquake magnitudes.) Historical and predicted maximum earthquake magnitudes are given as moment SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT rather than the historically more common Richter magnitude, since the former is generally accepted as a bet- ter estimate of the seismic energy released during an earthquake because it is calculated from the actual physical dimensions of a fault zone (Wesnousky, 1986; Joyner and Fumal, 1985). San Andreas Fault Although it lies 81.5 miles east of the Malibu area, the southern segment of the San Andreas fault, run- ning from Tejon Pass to Cajon Pass, is considered capable of generating a maximum 8.0 magnitude earthquake which could generate significant ground shaking in the City of Malibu. This design earth- quake is supported by the historical record, including the great 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, estimated at 7.9 magnitude, and the more recent 1992 Landers earthquake of magnitude 7.4. The San Andreas fault has strike-slip displacement, and a well-documented mean recurrence interval of approximately 130 years for great earthquakes. Recent data suggest that such large events may actually occur in tem- poral "clusters" separated by much larger time periods on the order of 300 to 400 years apart (Sieh, 1984; 1989). 1 Anacapa (Dume)-Santa Monica Fault Zone Originally recognized on the basis of bathymetric contours in Santa Monica Bay, the Anacapa or Dume fault is a near-vertical offshore escarpment exceeding 600 meters locally, with a total length exceeding 62 miles (Yerkes and Wentworth, 1965; Junger and Wagner, 1977). It occurs as close as 3.6 miles off- shore south of Malibu at its western end, but trends northeast where it apparently merges with the off- shore segment(s) of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, thus lying as close as two miles south of the Malibu Beach/Carbon Beach area. This fault is assumed responsible for generating the historic 1930 M5.2 Santa Monica earthquake, the 1973 M5.3 Point Mugu earthquake, and the 1979 and 1989 Malibu earthquakes, each of which possessed a magnitude of 5.0 (Ziony and Yerkes, 1985; Hauksson, 1990). Analyses of the first-motion seismic waves produced by these latter three earthquake events suggests that the faults which produced them were north-dipping structures, and that the earthquakes resulted from south-vergent compression of the crust (Stierman and Ellsworth, 1976; Hauksson and Saldivar, 1986; 1989). Such studies are termed "first-motion" or "focal mechanism" solutions for the earth- quakes, and suggest that the Anacapa fault is a south-vergent thrust fault. Because the Anacapa fault appears to truncate the northwest-striking, strike-slip Palos Verdes Fault Zone of Peninsular Ranges af- finity, the former fault is considered the present-day southern margin of the zone of thrust faults which punctuate the Transverse Ranges province. The Santa Monica Fault The Santa Monica fault is interpreted as a 25 mile long zone with physiographic up-to-the-north scarp features along its trace which imply at least Late Quaternary displacement (Weber, 1980; Crook et al, 1983). The fault is truncated eastward by the Newport-Inglewood zone, implying that the latter be- haves as a tear fault and possibly a segment boundary (Dolan and Sieh, 1992). Focal mechanism solu- tions of small-magnitude (micro seismicity) earthquakes at the eastern end of this fault suggest that it is active (Ziony and Yerkes, 1985) as a thrust fault with a minor component of left-lateral horizontal dis- placement; evidence for this left-lateral component can be seen in a series of en echelon left-stepping fault scarps (Dolan and Sieh, 1992). Hauksson (190) considers the Anacapa/Santa Monica fault zone as the westernmost segment of the Elysian Park Fold and Thrust Belt, a buried or "blind thrust" fault zone forming the southernmost boundary of the Transverse Ranges, and which was responsible for the 1987 SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT M5.9 Whittier Narrows earthquake (Hauksson and Jones, 1989). This fault has not yet been fully evaluated under the Division of Mines and Geology Fault Evaluation Program (FER), and thus does not currently possess Alquist Priolo classification as an active fault. Newport-Inglewood Structural Zone Located between 18 and 31 miles east of the City of Malibu, the Newport-Inglewood zone consists of a series of enechelon, northwest-striking right-lateral strike-slip fault segments and related fold structures defined physiographically by a series of low hills crossing the Los Angeles coastal plain. The north- ernmost of these, the Inglewood segment, intersects the Santa Monica fault zone in the Cheviot Hills area, which represents the complex structural boundary between the Peninsular Ranges and Transverse Ranges. The fault has a potential to generate moment magnitude of 7.0 (Ziony and Yerkes, 1985; Top- pozada et al, 1988). Total onshore length of the fault is 46.5 miles; all mapped surface deformation zones along the various segments of the fault have been granted Alquist-Priolo classification (Hart, 1990). The fault produced the 1920 magnitude 4.7 Inglewood earthquake and the great 1933 magnitude 6.2 Long Beach earthquake, and the 1989 magnitude 4.6 Newport Beach earthquake. This fault zone has more seismicity associated with it than any other Late Quaternary faults in the Los Angeles basin (Hauksson, 1990). Palos Verdes Fault Zone Located south of Malibu, the northernmost trace of this northwest-striking, right-reverse-slip fault oc- curs 7.5 miles south of the city limits, in Santa Monica Bay where it apparently intersects or merges with the Anacapa (Dume) fault discussed above. Its onshore segment forms the northwestern boundary of the Palos Verdes Hills and has significant reverse-slip component, whereas offshore it appears to be dominated by right-lateral displacement. The zone apparently displaces acoustically-transparent ocean- floor sediments in San Pedro Bay (Darrow and Fischer, 1983), interpreted to be water-saturated and thus formed recently in the Holocene period. The zone is about 50 miles long. Increases in recent seis- micity along the Santa Monica Bay segment of this fault also imply Holocene displacement, although the spatial correlation of this seismicity with the geophysically-mapped offshore fault trace is not pre- ÷ cise (Hauksson and Saldivar, 1989). Nevertheless, the fault is considered active and assumed capable of generating a maximum earthquake magnitude of 7.0; although it has not yet been granted active classification under Alquist-Priolo. Ventura/Pitas Point Fault Located 19.8 miles northwest of Malibu, this fault, like the San Fernando Fault, has a thrust or reverse- slip sense of displacement. Although only 6.2 miles of onshore surface trace has been mapped, the fault extends offshore to the west for a minimum of 24.5 miles and displaces probable Holocene sedi- ments (Greene and Kennedy, 1986). This fault has been zoned active under Alquist-Priolo, and was the probable source of a 7.1 magnitude 1812 event, a 6.8 magnitude 1925 event, a 5.0 magnitude 1930 event, and a 5.6 magnitude 1978 event, all of which had epicenters along the offshore extension of this fault in the Santa Barbara Channel. Therefore, a maximum design magnitude of 7.25 is assumed for this fault. Rates of crustal compression and tectonic uplift in the Southern California area are highest along this fault zone, based on the ages of uplifted and deformed marine terraces in the Ventura area (Lajoie et al, 1979). SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT San Fernando Fault Located 14.8 miles northeast of Malibu, at the north end of the San Fernando Valley, this is a thrust fault with similar length, sense of displacement and character to the Malibu Coast Fault Zone and other Transverse Ranges-type faults. This fault generated the 1971 San Fernando earthquake of magnitude 6.6, which caused strong ground shaking in the Malibu area, and which was the impetus behind the Alquist-Priolo legislation. The fault is estimated to be able to yield a maximum 6.5 magnitude earth- quake by Wesnousky (1986), based essentially on its mapped 10.5 miles of surface rupture during the 1971 event; however, Mualchin and Jones (1987) assume continuity with the Sierra Madre fault zone to the east, which has similar sense of displacement and a maximum design magnitude of 7.5 (Crook et al, 1987). A maximum earthquake magnitude of 7.0 is estimated herein. The entire fault zone, based on the surface rupture in 1971, is designated as active under Alquist-Priolo. On January 17, 1994, an esti- mated 6.7 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Northridge/Reseda area of the San Fernando Valley; preliminary analysis indicates that this earthquake was not part of the San Fernando Fault but was as- sociated with the Oak Ridge Fault Zone or the Santa Susana Fault Zone. Malibu Coast Fault Zone The Malibu Coast fault zone runs in an east-west orientation onshore subparallel to and along the shoreline for a linear distance of about 17 miles through the Malibu City limits, but which also extends offshore to the east and west for a total length exceeding perhaps 37.5 miles (Junger and Wagner, 1.977; Greene and Kennedy, 1986). Onshore, this fault extends from Sequit Point in the west to Carbon Beach in the east (Yerkes and Campbell, 1980; Dibblee and Ehrenspeck, 1990), although recent map- ping suggests that the Las Flores thrust fault may conceivably represent an onshore extension of this fault zone, thus pushing its onshore eastern limits to the Big Rock/Las Tunas beach areas (Dibblee and Ehrenspeck, 1992). The onshore Malibu Coast fault zone involves a broad, wide zone of faulting and shearing as much as one mile in width; the Malibu Coast fault proper is only one fault splay within this broad deformation zone, but it is the most prominent feature within the zone because it juxtaposes two crustal blocks of extremely different character on either side of its length (Durrell, 1954; Schoellhamer and Yerkes, 1961; Yerkes and Wentworth, 1965). To the north, a basement terrain of granite and related igneous rocks, intruded into older metasedimentary-rocks termed the Santa Monica Slate, is overlain by a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Recent; to the south of the Malibu Coast fault proper, a basement terrain of high-pressure metamorphic rocks termed the Catalina Schist is overlain unconformably by a sequence of sedimentary rocks no older than Miocene, including the distinctive Monterey Formation, which is locally highly diatomaceous (Yerkes and Campbell, 1979). This latter crustal block south of the Malibu Coast fault is often termed a "Continental Border- land" terrain (Yerkes et al, 1965; Legg, 1992), because the Catalina Schist basement terrain underlies most of the offshore zone of southern California, which is conventionally known as the Continental Borderland. The Malibu Coast Fault Zone (MCFZ) has not been officially designated as an active fault zone by the State of California and no Special Studies Zones have been delineated along any part of the fault zone under the Alquist-Priolo Act of 1971. However, evidence for Holocene activity (movement in the last 11,000 years) has been established in several locations along individual fault splays within the fault zone. Due to such evidence, several fault splays within the onshore portion of the fault zone are identi- SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT fied as active in the Seismic Element of the County of Los Angeles (Leighton and Associates; 1990). With reference to inferred active fault splays in Malibu, the Los Angeles County Seismic Safety Ele- ment map contains a note which states: "A primary objective of this map is to increase public awareness of fault rupture hazards recog- nized by the state-mandated Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act (APSSZ). Additional faults inferred to be active are included on the map because there is published information or scientific opinion by staffs of authoritative agencies that indicate there is a reason to consider them active. Their inclusion is not intended to prohibit development, but to insure that proposed projects are supported by detailed geologic and seismic investigations that will provide the most accurate ob- tainable data on the presence or absence of a hazards and identify necessary mitigative meas- ures." In general, the City of Malibu has adopted of Los Angeles County Seismic Safety Element Map as dis- cussed above and regards the Malibu Coast Fault Zone as active; however, it is recognized that indi- vidual splays within the fault zone may not necessarily be classified as active based upon site-specific geologic and seismic investigations. Table 5-1 lists the large historic earthquakes recorded in Southern California. This list includes activity on all faults in Southern California, any of which might, during a major event, precipitate activity in Malibu; see, also, Figure S-4. Liquefaction and Subsidence - Liquefaction is a process by which water-saturated sediment suddenly loses strength, which commonly accompanies strong ground motions caused by earthquakes. During an extended period of ground shaking or dynamic loading, porewater pressures increase and the ground is temporarily altered from a solid to a liquid state. Liquefaction is most likely to occur in unconsolidated, sandy sediments which are water-saturated within less than 30 feet of the ground surface (Tinsley et al., 1985). Few areas of significant liquefaction susceptibility exist in the City of Malibu. These few areas are located along the beaches and in the flood plains of the major streams, such as Malibu Creek. Liquefaction suscepti- bility as used for this study is a qualitative measure of the fraction, or percent, of the area considered likely to be underlain by deposits susceptible to liquefy if strong shaking occurs. The susceptibility value is deter- mined as the product of three important factors: 1. The probability of finding cohesionless sediment in the area considered; 2. The probability that the cohesionless sediment, when saturated, would be susceptible to liquefaction; 3. The probability that the cohesionless sediment would be saturated. The detailed information to determine these factors is only available for Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco. Because the USGS study of the Los Angeles region missed the Malibu area, susceptibility values based upon the values obtained nearby, at Santa Monica and Oxnard, were extrapolated into the City of Malibu. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Table 5-1 LARGE HISTORIC EARTHQUAKES RECORDED IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Date Magnitude Fault Jan. 9, 1857 8.3+* San Andreas Fault Zone July 21, 1952 7.7 White Wolf Fault Nov. 4, 1927 7.5 Undetermined fault off of Point Arguello June 28, 1992 7.3 Landers (San Andreas Fault Zone) May 19, 1940 7.0 Imperial (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Dec. 8, 1812 7.0* San Andreas Fault Zone April 21, 1918 6.9 Claremont Fault (San Jacinto Fault Zone) June 28, 1992 6.8 Big Bear (San Andreas Fault Zone) Jan. 17, 1994 6.7 Oak Ridge or Santa Susana Fault Zone Dec. 25, 1899 6.6* Claremont Fault (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Oct. 21, 1942 6.5 Coyote Creek (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Oct. 15, 1979 6.5 Imperial (San Jacinto Fault Zone) April 9, 1968 6.5 Coyote Creek (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Feb. 9, 1971 6.4 San Fernando-Sunland Fault 6.4 April 10, 1947 Manix Fault in Mojave Desert Mar. 19, 1953 6.4 Coyote Creek (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Mar. 10, 1933 6.3 Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone June 29, 1825 6.3 Undetermined fault in the Santa Barbara Channel Dec. 4, 1948 6.0 Mission Creek 6.0* Apr. 4, 1893 San Fernando-Santa Susana Fault May 15, 1919 6.0 Glen Ivy (San Jacinto Fault Zone) Oct. 23, 1916 6.0* Tejon Pass Area (San Andreas Fault Zone, suspected) Oct. 1, 1987 5.9 Elysian Park Fault 5.9 July 1, 1941 Undetermined Fault in the Santa Barbara Channel * Estimated magnitude Source: Parsons Environmental Services and Harland Bartholomew & Associates (1994) Subsidence is the settling of the ground surface due to the compaction of underlying unconsolidated sedi- ment. It is most common in uncompacted soils, thick unconsolidated alluvial material and improperly- constructed artificial fill. Subsidence is typically associated with the rapid removal of large volumes of groundwater or oil. It is also a secondary hazard associated with seismic activity, as groundshaking may cause the settling of loose, unconsolidated grains. Due to the fault zones and the unconsolidated alluvial sediments underlying much of the city and planning area, the potential for seismically-induced subsidence is considered high. Some subsidence could also be expected if large volumes of groundwater are withdrawn for developments in the area. Landslides: Slope instability or landsliding is related to slope gradient, soil or rock type, and erosion sus- ceptibility. Landsliding can also be seismically-induced, resulting from extended periods of groundshaking and high ground accelerations (see Figure S-5). Improper grading, and excessive rainfall or irrigation can also increase the probability of landsliding. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT The 1990 Los Angeles County Safety Element (LACSE) prepared a map that was a generalized inventory of landslides that included: Block Glides Slumps Debris Flows Rockfalls The minimum size of an individual landslide shown on the Landslide Inventory Map was five acres. Review of the Los Angeles County Landslide Inventory map indicates that the Malibu area, and the Santa Monica Mountains area in general, constitute one of the three areas of Los Angeles County that display a high pro- pensity for landsliding. Only the Santa Susana Mountains and the Castaic area appear to equal the degree of landsliding displayed in the Malibu area; see, also, Figure S-6 and Figure S-7. According to the 1992 review of landslides conducted by Philip Williams & Associates and Peter Warshall & Associates there are approximately 250 mapped landslides in the area. The 15 largest landslide areas con- tain 350 homes, not all of which are endangered, and are surrounded by at least 285 other homes which could be affected by sliding in the future. Of the major slides listed in the Williams and Warshall report, sizes range from about eight acres up to the Big Rock Mesa landslide which is about 220 acres. Most of the large landslide areas involve housing units. Many of these are threatened. Public utilities have been affected, particularly those underground. To address the problem, underground piping has often been rerouted onto the ground surface with flexible connections. The majority of slides in the study area are slump failures involving surficial deposits and weathered and faulted bedrock formational material. Of the numerous slides mapped by Weber and Wills as active in 1983, most were slump failures and 16 were reactivated during the winters of 1978-1980. The landslide limits have been plotted on a 1000-scale Geohazards Maps of Malibu available for inspection at City Hall, and the better known slides have been labeled with their commonly recognized name from the geologic literature and the listing provided in the 1992 Wastewater Management Study. Debris Flow: The many canyons that drain the Santa Monica Mountains and cross through Malibu to empty into the ocean, provide avenues for future debris/mud flow events during wet winters and intense rain storms. Debris flow events have been experienced in Topanga Canyon, Las Flores Canyon, and others, and will occur again in the future. These phenomenon are potentially deadly to the public because many of the mountain failures that contribute soils and debris to the canyon bottoms tends to occur during the early A.M. hours following intense rainfall that is most likely during the night time. The public tends to be inside and asleep, not expecting catastrophic hillside failures to affect them. Past storm tracks that caused significant debris flows in the 1982-83 storms, indicates that intense, continu- ous rainfall exceeding 0.25 inches per hour can, and does, occur in the Santa Monica Mountains. The work of Russell H. Campbell (1975) for the Santa Monica Mountains indicates that when intense rain storms follow after the rainy season has experienced 10 to 15 inches of rainfall (antecedent rainfall), slopes steeper than 2:1 (26 degrees) up to steepness of 45 degrees, are prone to slippage and failure of the surficial several feet of slope. When there are numerous failures that take place within a short span of time, and that flow into main drainage courses, then there is the potential for downstream debris flow damage. Debris flow potential from the Santa Monica Mountains has been greatly underestimated for its possible im- pact on the City of Malibu. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Mudflows have a potential for occurring wherever land development has constructed fill slopes that are steeper than 2:1. If such slopes are above other occupied properties, there is a potential for failure of these slopes during wet winters. The generally recognized landslide areas in Malibu include (listed from east to west): Las Tunas Beach Slides Big Rock Mesa · Eagle Pass-Las Flores Slide Rambla Pacifico Calle Del Barco Carbon Mesa Slides Carbon Canyon Slide Amarillo Beach Slides Puerco Beach Slides RV Park Slide · Latigo Shore Slide Latigo Canyon Slide Malibu Cove Colony Slides Lower Encinal Canyon Slides LaChusa Highlands Slide Soils: Soil types in the City of Malibu have been classified by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS). These SCS classifications are associated with identified soil capabilities which may be used in planning for agricultural, urban, watershed, recreational and wilderness uses. SCS has identified 22 soil series and 45 soil phases in the Malibu area (Malibu Soil Survey, 1967).* Soil series are soils that are grouped together because they have a similar set of soil profile characteristics. The soil phase is a division of the soil series in which the soils are grouped together by common surface and substrata characteristics. Important characteristics used to determine soil phase are surface texture, slope and quantity of stones. Expansive Soils: Of the various geologic hazards that affect the State of California, expansive soils have caused millions of dollars in damages, particularly to single-family residences and private prop- erty improvements. The State Department of Natural Resources estimates that to the year 2000, expan- sive soils will be a 150 million dollar problem in the state. Each of the different geologic formations mapped in the Malibu area consists of various units which may possess expansive potential. Typically, these would be mudstones, claystones, siltstones, and clay fault gouge. Clay fault gouge is clay along the fault planes that slice through the rock. Silt and clay de- posits near and around the Malibu Creek lagoon would possess expansion potential. Geologic units mapped as colluvium or slopewash, would commonly be expansive in nature. The terrace deposits shown along the coast also generally contain expansive soils. Collapsible/Compressible Soils: Potential collapsible soils may exist in areas of Malibu where geo- logic units of alluvium or colluvium are present at the lower end of sloping terrain where it begins to flatten and become less steep, but particularly where debris flow deposits have been recognized (see Figure S-10). Russell H. Campbell (1980) mapped what he believes are old deposits from debris flows in the Point Dume-Zuma Beach area. Similar types of deposits are likely along Las Flores Canyon, Malibu Creek, Zuma Canyon, and Trancas Canyon. Compressible soils would be very likely in the Malibu Lagoon area, along Malibu Creek, Dume Canyon, and Trancas Canyon. Undetected, develop- ment on these type of soils may become distressed to collapse or consolidation of the foundation soils. Coastal Hazards: Because of the age of the community (1920's, 1930's, to present), there are a wide range of buildings and coastal protective devices present along the Malibu coast. It has generally been observed by SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT local geologists and engineers that during the major storms, construction that is most severely impacted is generally older construction. In all situations, the potential exposure of a property is also a direct function of the setback of the structure from the ocean, the beach, and the cliff or bluff. Adequately setback construction provides the best protec- tion. Older bluff top properties with reduced bluff top setbacks, become more exposed to the risks of bluff failure and landsliding due to coastal erosion and earthquake ground shaking. Some areas of the-Malibu coastal bluffs are retreating variably because of either the neglect, or special at- tention, given to surface drainage control. Rapid coastal bluff, or sea cliff top, retreat can occur when surface runoff is not controlled by collection and proper disposal. Damage to properties can be seen where concen- trated surface runoff has generated surficial failures of the bluff, or where erosion has quickened the advance of gullies and ravines that have been cut into the bluff face and bluff top. There still continues to be widespread debate among coastal experts and engineers regarding the possible adverse affect on beach widths relative to coastal protection. There is also wide disagreement about what types of coastal protection are best suited to a backshore. Economics of the property owner, or entity respon- sible for the protective device no doubt play a role in the type of coastal protection that is ultimately con- structed. Cooperative efforts to armour (protect) stretches of beach where protective devices may be hit, or miss, seem to provide the most appropriate methods to protect all the properties involved. Apparently, attempts by the County of Los Angeles in the past to coordinate homeowners has been largely unsuccessful. There will be a continuing threat to beach structures from wood and floating debris that become battering rams when introduced to the surf during storms and coastal erosion events. As the building of decks, patios, housing, and other improvements become more sophisticated and permitted, the percentage of damages due to floating debris should be reduced. Tsunamis and Seiches: Tsunamis, seismic sea waves, can be expected rarely from distant sources, but may be generated immediately offshore of Malibu by surface ground rupture of the faulting just offshore, or by the occurrence of submarine landslides immediately offshore. Displacement of the sea floor could generate a local wave and would include wave runup to elevations 12 feet above Mean Lower Low Water of the Pacific Ocean in this area. The runup heights for the Malibu coast in general are between five and seven feet for the 100-year zone and between eight and 12 feet for the 500-year zone. The higher runups occur in the eastern part of Malibu because of the amplification effects related to the Santa Monica Bay resonant oscillations. (See also Figures S-11 to S-15 and the Safety Background Report for a more detailed discussion.) Most of the coastal dwellings and low lying coastal areas can expect to be damaged some time in the future by an earthquake generated tsunami. Damage due to flooding in the Malibu Civic Center area can be ex- pected. The most vulnerable objects would be people on the beaches, houses or other buildings constructed on or near the beach, and bridges over the streams near the beach, such as along the Pacific Coast Highway at Malibu Creek and Corral Creek. People could be swept away by the waves and drowned; buildings and bridges could be undermined and collapse or carried away by the currents; buildings and other structures could be battered by debris carried by the currents. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Seiche, resonant oscillations in semi-enclosed water bodies such as Santa Monica Bay, may be triggered by moderate or larger local submarine earthquakes, and sometimes by large, more distant, regional earthquakes. Seiching was recorded at Santa Monica following moderate (Mw = 5.0-5.2) earthquakes under Santa Monica Bay in 1930, 1979, and 1989. The maximum height of these long period waves was about two feet. If such oscillations occurred during storm, conditions or unusually high tides, damaging coastal inundation could result. The duration of these oscillations may be several hours. 5.2.3 Climate The City of Malibu is located within the South Coat Air Basin. The regional air flow is controlled mainly by four synoptic large scale features, one of which occurs just prior to the winter rainy season and is commonly referred to as Santa Ana wind; Santa Anas are hot, dry, desert winds usually of relatively high velocity and are associated with low humidity. The extremely low humidity and high temperature produce an extreme fire hazard during late summer and fall. 5.2.4 Crime A crime report for the area is completed by the County Sheriff's Department monthly and submitted to the City Manager's office. Since Malibu is primarily a residential community, the main enforcement problems are burglary, traffic and tourist-related crimes. Areas of noticeable crime impact within the City are pocket beaches along the coastline that are not patrolled regularly. With residential development occurring in the canyon areas, the physical distance from the Sheriff's stations makes it more difficult for patrols to respond to calls in these northern reaches. Additionally, the increase of commercial activity and development along Pacific Coast Highway, together with development in adjacent communities, has caused a concomitant in- crease in traffic accidents along Pacific Coast Highway. Noticeable crime impact within the City are pocket beaches along the coastline that are not patrolled regu- larly. With residential development occurring in the canyon areas, the physical distance from the Sheriff's stations makes it more difficult for patrols to respond to calls in these northern reaches. Additionally, the increase of commercial activity and development along Pacific Coast Highway, together with development in adjacent communities, has caused a concomitant increase in traffic accidents along Pacific Coast High- way. Pacific Coast Highway is also the main connector road of Malibu to surrounding communities. Due to its close proximity to fault lines and floodplains, Pacific Coast Highway must have adequate security for patrol- ling and regulating the area in the event of a natural catastrophe. 5.2.5 Fire Hazards The City of Malibu is served by the Los Angeles County Fire Department, as well as the California Depart- ment of Forestry, if needed. According to the California Department of Forestry and the County Fire De- partment, Malibu is considered to be an extreme fire hazard zone. There are seven County fire stations serv- ing the City, including four stations located in the City. In the event of major fires, the County has "mutual aid agreements" with cities and counties throughout the state so that additional personnel and fire fighting equipment can augment the County Fire Department. Wildland fires are inevitable and are a part of the natural regeneration cycle of the native California land- scape. Structure losses are not necessarily directly due to wildland fires but instead result from: (a) inappro- SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT priate siting of structures; (b) flammable ornamental landscaping; (c) surrounding structures located too close together; and (d) flammable accessory structures (such as fences, decks, arbors, etc.). The majority of the City has experienced major brush fires in the past 10 to 30 years, the most recent fire being the Old Topanga/Malibu Fire of November 2-5, 1993. This fire began along Old Topanga Road near Calabasas and, fanned by strong Santa Ana winds, burned southerly into the City of Malibu. This fire re- sulted in the destruction and damage of approximately 300 homes in the City, while it burned over 18,000 acres between Malibu, Topanga and Calabasas. The most significant loss to property due to the Old To- panga/Malibu Fire was in the Las Flores, Ramblo Pacifica, Carbon Mesa and Big Rock areas of the City, although the fire stretched from Topanga Canyon/Pacific Coast Highway on the east to the Pepperdine Uni- versity campus on the west. The Old Topanga/Malibu fire was very similar to the most recent fires that have struck Malibu — primarily destroying property and burning hillside in central Malibu, between Carbon Canyon Road and Kanan Dume Road, north of Pacific Coast Highway, and western Malibu, between Encinal Canyon Road and the City's western boundaries, north of Pacific Coast Highway. There have not been any fires in Point Dume in over 30 years. Although these are the areas of the City where fires have most recently occurred in the past, it cannot be concluded that these areas are at greater risk than others. No single area can be determined as being more susceptible to fires than another due to the fact that the location of fires varies from year to year. Native vegetation plays a significant role in wildland fires. Malibu is located in the Santa Monica Moun- tains, bordering the Pacific Ocean and is subject to massive fire hazards due to highly flammable chaparral vegetation covering thousands of acres in brushlands. Fires in these brushland areas are inevitable because of the flammability of both living and non-living brush and the variable weather conditions that exist. Ap- proximately three fourths of the mountains in the surrounding area have burned more than once in the past 50 years. The lack of intense development reduces the occurrence of urban fires. Malibu primarily consists of low density residential with a supportive commercial area. The residential areas are affected by fire more than any other area in the City. Houses which are nestled among the heavily vegetated canyons are surrounded by a great deal of underbrush making this area highly vulnerable to fires. However, some preventive measures, required by County and/or City ordinances, have been taken to offset the risk factors involved: . Elimination of wood shake roofs for new construction; • Establishment of minimum greenbelt systems along new subdivisions; • Improvement in existing water systems and vehicular access in a number of areas; Improvements made in the "Incident Command System" used by the Los Angeles County Fire De- . partment and in the emergency communications and coordination among various fire resource agen- cies; . Installation of smoke detectors in homes and sprinkler systems in commercial buildings; and • An aggressive brush clearance program that has been undertaken in the past few years. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Construction plays a major role in fire prevention. Horizontal roofings are an important concern because they catch and hold flying firebrands (pieces of burning wood). Firebrands can endanger structures as far as a mile away. During the autumn months Malibu is very dry and, therefore, highly susceptible to fires, even with fire re- tardant materials. Most fires occur under Santa Ana conditions in September to March. Large picture win- dows and sliding doors allow radiated heat into buildings. Overhangs and balconies are dangerous because flames sweep against the underside of these projections of the building. While preventive construction measures reduce these problems, nonetheless the fire risks in Malibu remain significant. Although fire is a hazard to the Malibu area, it is also a necessary element in the Santa Monica Mountains ecosystems. Classified as a chaparral habitat, many of the native evergreen plants require fire to open their seeds, as well as to create new open areas for the young plants to become established. In order to minimize the fire risk to homeowners, selective clearance of flammable vegetation is required around all structures. However, removing all vegetation surrounding a residence could result in an erosion hazard leading to land- slides and slope failures. By selectively thinning the more flammable vegetation and landscaping with fire retardant plants, it is possible to minimize both fire danger and erosion problems. Statewide, approximately 90% of all fires are caused by human activity with the remaining 10% resulting from natural activity (primarily lightning). However, in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains areas, about 99% of all fires result from human activity, particularly arson, with one percent caused by natural activity. The increased tourist population to the area in the warm summer months increases the potential for fire in the area. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 5.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 5.3.1 S GOAL 1: A COMMUNITY THAT IS FREE FROM ALL AVOIDABLE RISKS TO SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE FROM NATURAL AND MAN- MADE HAZARDS S OBJECTIVE 1.1: LOSSES TO LIFE AND PROPERTY FROM NATURAL AND MAN-MADE HAZARDS GREATLY REDUCED FROM HISTORIC LEVELS. S Policy 1.1.1: The City shall protect people and property from environmental hazards. S Policy 1.1.2: The City shall minimize the risk of loss from fire. S Policy 1.1.3: The City shall reduce the amount of non-essential toxic and hazardous sub- stances. S Policy 1.1.4: The City shall promote use of alternatives to hazardous substances. S Policy 1.1.5: The City shall reduce water pollution and improve Malibu's water quality. S Policy 1.1.6: The City shall reduce air pollution and improve Malibu's air quality. S Policy 1.1.7: The City shall minimize the risks from landslides and debris flows. To implement these policies the City shall: S Implementation Measure 1: Develop a master plan of fire prevention and control identifying hazards, assessing acceptable levels of cost and risk and determining protection programs. S Implementation Measure 2: Work with other agencies to ensure effective and efficient fire suppression, prevention and rescue services. S Implementation Measure 3: Encourage owners of swimming pools to obtain gasoline powered pumps to use in fire fighting. S Implementation Measure 4: Establish programs and guidelines for fire-safe landscaping including buff- ers comprised of fire resistant vegetation between residential areas and open space areas and encourage use of fire-safe landscaping principles which emphasize plant species with low fuel volumes. S Implementation Measure 5: Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to adopt a program for controlled burning of combustible vegetation, based on the recommendations of the responsible forestry and fire-protection official. S Implementation Measure 6: Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to enforce code re- quirements for flammable brush clearance, and reduction of flammable vegetation, including both native plants and ornamental landscaping. S Implementation Measure 7: Work with appropriate agencies to assure sufficient stored water and pro- vide non-monetary incentives for on-site or area-wide shared storage water suitable for fire fighting equal to one gallon for each square foot of structural floor area for all new development. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Implementation Measure 8: Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to establish standards for fire-fighting equipment access suitable for Malibu. S Implementation Measure 9: Create a major streets and routes plan which includes streets available as wildfire escape routes. S Implementation Measure 10: Require all new and remodel structures to have Class A fire-retardant roof- ing. S Implementation Measure 11: Develop guidelines and standards for all new and remodel structures to utilize fire-resistant building materials and designs, and, if feasible, to be sited to minimize fire hazards. S Implementation Measure 12: Provide South Coast Air Quality Management District regional wind pat- terns maps to homeowners, architects and contractors to help them plan development siting and design that minimizes fire hazards. S Implementation Measure 13: Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to provide on-site fire safety inspections of individual homes, when requested by resident or owner, and advise homeowners on ways to minimize fire hazards while maintaining slope stability and appropriate vegetation. S Implementation Measure 14: Encourage and support arson and neighborhood watch programs. S Implementation Measure 15: Require that all camping be in designated fire-safe camping areas. S Implementation Measure 16: Develop a permanent, ongoing homeowner watershed area management plan to reduce fire hazards while maintaining appropriate vegetation that will stabilize the watershed and control the flow of water from it. Application of such plan in Resource Protection Areas shall be subject to review and approval for compliance with resource protection requirements. S Implementation Measure 17: Work with water service providers to identify neighborhoods with inade- quate flow from fire hydrants, and to upgrade deteriorated and undersized water-distribution systems. S Implementation Measure 18: Provide guidelines and incentives for use of non-toxic building materials in new and remodel construction. S Implementation Measure 19: Regulate the transport, storage and use of toxic and hazardous materials. S Implementation Measure 20: Work with trash haulers and Los Angeles County Fire Department to pro- vide for the proper collection and disposal of hazardous wastes. S Implementation Measure 21: Work with Los Angeles County Fire Department to ensure compliance with the Hazardous Materials Disclosure Law. S Implementation Measure 22: Establish a household hazardous waste disposal program which enables residents to bring material to a centralized collection facility for proper disposal. S Implementation Measure 23: Inform residents about the safe handling, storage, use, disposal, and alter- natives to use of hazardous materials. S Implementation Measure 24: Seek federal, state and county cooperation and funding to identify potential historic hazardous waste disposal sites and the availability of funds for the removal of any wastes discov- ered. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Implementation Measure 25: Initiate and work with other agencies to assess trends in water quality and establish water cleanliness standards including a program of enforcement. S Implementation Measure 26: Participate in efforts to identify and eliminate sources of contamination when unhealthful conditions are discovered in creeks, lagoons, intertidal zones, estuaries and wetlands. S Implementation Measure 27: Require that all above ground discharges and reuse of wastewater for small volume treatment plants meet tertiary treatment standards. S Implementation Measure 28: Work with other agencies to monitor and adopt receiving water quality standards, and update the City's receiving water quality standards as more accurate information becomes available. S Implementation Measure 29: Encourage the use of new wastewater management technologies to achieve maximum feasible reduction of pathogens from wastewater prior to release into the environment. S Implementation Measure 30: Work with regional agencies to implement the provisions of the South Coast Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). S Implementation Measure 31: Promote public education and awareness of air quality. S Implementation Measure 32: Work with other agencies to reduce local sources of air pollution such as dust, smoke, and vehicle emissions. S Implementation Measure 33: Evaluate impacts on air quality in connection with development proposals. S Implementation Measure 34: Encourage residents and visitors to reduce the number of vehicle miles traveled while in the City. S Implementation Measure 35: Provide information about the benefits of native oxygen-producing plants, consistent with fire safety, in order to discourage removal. S Implementation Measure 36: As funding becomes available, study effects of excessive ground water on surface erosion, earth movement, and groundwater "daylighting." S Implementation Measure 37: Work with the residents of neighborhoods affected by landslides and debris flows to develop appropriate risk abatement programs. S Implementation Measure 38: Develop a program of water budget determinations by monitoring and re- cording the contributions of groundwater to local areas from uphill septic tank effluent and water reuse in- stallations. S OBJECTIVE 1.2: RISKS TO RESIDENTS AND BUSINESSES FROM DEVELOPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ARE MINIMIZED. The City shall require development to provide for analyses of site safety related S Policy 1.2.1: to potential hazards of fault rupture, earthquake ground shaking, liquefaction, and rockfalls. S Policy 1.2.2: The City shall require development to provide site safety analyses related to debris flows, expansive landsliding, soils, collapsible soils, ero- sion/sedimentation, and groundwater effects. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Policy 1.2.3: The City shall require development to provide for safety from coastal storm flooding, coastal erosion, surfacing septic effluent, and tsunami. S Policy 1.2.4: The City shall require development to be consistent with minimum Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines for flood plain manage- ment. To implement these policies the City shall: S Implementation Measure 39: Develop and maintain a development geo-hazard database to incorporate findings from site specific and area hazard-related studies. S Implementation Measure 40: Adopt and update as appropriate maps of extreme fire danger areas, 100- year flood plains, landslide and debris flow danger, active and potentially active faults, tsunami, and any other hazard areas; and inform residents of those areas of risks and possible mitigation measures. S Implementation Measure 41: Require that all new construction be designed to be earthquake resistant to maximum probable earthquakes. S Implementation Measure 42: Apply all restrictions and investigation requirements mandated by the State under the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act for faults classified as "active" to development on prop- erties crossed by or adjacent to the Malibu Coast Fault. S Implementation Measure 43: Encourage area residents to participate in National Flood Insurance Pro- gram. S Implementation Measure 44: Design coastal development, except supporting structure, to be above the wave uprush level for storms within the past 100 years, and above the 100-year flood plain. S Implementation Measure 45: Require that all critical use facilities (hospitals, police and fire stations) be earthquake resistant designed for the effects of a maximum credible earthquake. S Implementation Measure 46: As soon as feasible, complete coastal morphology studies and establish shoreline construction standards. S Implementation Measure 47: To protect slope stability, restrict grading or development related vegeta- tion clearance where the slope exceeds 2:1, except as required for fire safety, driveways and utilities and where there is no reasonable alternative. S Implementation Measure 48: As soon as feasible, complete a study on the effects of seawalls, groins and revetments on beach erosion. S Implementation Measure 49: Require a coastal engineering report for all proposed revetments, seawalls, cliff retaining walls and other such construction proposed to protect existing structures to ensure that the structure is constructed utilizing the least environmentally damaging method. S Implementation Measure 50: Require that soils, geologic and structural evaluation reports with appropri- ate mitigation measures be prepared by registered soils engineers, engineering geologists, and/or structural engineers and that all recommended mitigation measures be implemented. SAFETY AND BLALTHELEMENT S Implementation Measure 51: Evaluate proposed development for its impact on, and from, geologic haz- ards, flood and mud flow hazard, and fire hazard. S Implementation Measure 52: Require water efficient landscaping and irrigation in identified landslide sites to minimize deep percolation in all areas uphill from identified landslides. S Implementation Measure 53: Require that proposed coastal development exposed to ocean waters, in- cluding but not limited to potentially heavy tidal or wave action, be sited lands attitude-owned tidelands and be further sited so as not to cause a potential nuisance, hazard to navigation quality and to cause a potential nuisance, hazard to navigation quality and to cause a potential nuisance, hazard to navigation quality and t the quantity of harmful bac- interference with the public's right in the navigable waters. S OBJECTIVE 1.3: AN ONGOING, PERMANENT PROGRAM FOR COOPERATING WITH OTHER JURISDICTIONS, AGENCIES, AND PLEASE SURFEINARY LIOUSE GANIZATION TO HELP MEET THE GOALS OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT. State to develop and expand S Policy 1.3.1: The City shall strive to ensure uses within Malibu's Planning Area are consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the Malibu community. To implement this policy the City shall: S Implementation Measure 54: Coordinate and work with other governmenta և առաջանական արարագրական արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արարագրան արար ate regulations to set minimum flight levels for all aircraft, to include a prescription to set minimum flight levels for all aircraft, to include a prescription to set minimum flight levels for all aircraft, to include a line, S Implementation Measure 55: Seek cooperation and approval of the FAA மீழ்முயு அதை அரசு அரசு முற்ற அரசு emergency uses of aircraft are allowed at altitudes below 600 feet above local@@usesupukuuqlocalpkauq permit. S Implementation Measure 56: Work with jurisdictions within the Planning IPEGI (1921) A GLOWITH PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF TH water storage facilities have an emergency power supply for their pumps, or 1640016300 geology subscripts tion systems. S Implementation Measure 57: Work with utility providers to minimize exposure to electromagnetic fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in publicly accessible areas. Planning Area are consistent S Implementation Measure 58: Work with neighboring jurisdictions and the State to develop and expand emergency medical services. 3 OF THE SAFETY AND S Implementation Measure 59: Work with the appropriate jurisdictions to BPIC VIDEBIAVLECOK. bike paths, foot paths, and trails are free of avoidable hazards. DR COOPERATING WITH S Implementation Measure 60: Work with appropriate agencies to ensure that the quantity of harmful bac- teria, viruses and toxic substances in all Malibu shoreline, lagoon, and streamout hopping supplement levels established by the City, State or Federal government, whichever are more surfagent. S Implementation Measure 61: Work with other jurisdictions and agencies to ensure that risks of flooding caused by upstream development are minimized. S Implementation Measure 62: Work with the responsible jurisdictions to ensure that all dams in the Malibu watershed areas have regular safety inspections. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Implementation Measure 63: Notify all jurisdictions within the Planning Area and all appropriate agen- cies at the State level of the City's request to review all plans and programs relating to issues that may con- cern the health and safety of Malibu residents. S Implementation Measure.64: Respond to all proposed development actions in the Planning Area which may endanger the health and safety of the City's residents. S Implementation Measure 65: Work with jurisdictions within the Planning Area to ensure that all public recreational areas have adequate toilet facilities. 5.3.2 S GOAL 2: A COMMUNITY PREPARED FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES, AND RECOVERY WHEN THEY OCCUR S OBJECTIVE 2.1: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR RESPONSE TO ALL LEVELS OF EMER- GENCY SITUATIONS. S Policy 2.1.1: The City shall cooperate to achieve efficient and prompt response by local agen- cies to those emergencies which require no outside help. S Policy 2.1.2: The City shall coordinate efficient utilization of emergency assistance provided by neighboring communities and county agencies under mutual-aid response. S Policy 2.1.3: The City shall develop a plan to ensure that in situations of extreme emergency the community is prepared to survive until outside assistance arrives. To implement these policies the City shall: S Implementation Measure 66: Develop an Emergency Response Plan and update as needed. S Implementation Measure 67: Support and encourage sufficient local staffing and equipment levels for police, fire fighting, lifeguard, paramedic and other medical, public works and utility organizations to assure timely and well coordinated response to alarm calls and to meet most emergencies. S Implementation Measure 68: Develop response time criteria and monitor law enforcement programs. S Implementation Measure 69: Work with other agencies to assure access to specialized trauma care within 20 minutes of notification. S Implementation Measure 70: Create a procedure for promptly initiating an Emergency Operations Cen- ter to coordinate all emergency-response actions from the onset of any emergency which requires mutual aid from neighboring communities. S Implementation Measure 71: Create a procedure for promptly establishing effective intelligence- gathering and command, control and communications functions in all emergencies requiring aid from out- side the community. S Implementation Measure 72: Establish a core of trained and organized volunteers from the community capable of providing intelligence, communications, medical and logistic support to the professional health and safety organizations in emergency situations. S Implementation Measure 73: Work with other agencies to close public beaches to recreational use in the event of a pollution emergency. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Implementation Measure 74: Work with other agencies to close public recreation areas to recreational use in the event of wildfire in the Planning Area. S Implementation Measure 75: Continue to improve the area-wide, volunteer-manned emergency commu- nication system. S Implementation Measure 76: Organize an area-wide, volunteer-manned emergency medical care system including medical-center locations, patient transport vehicles and drivers, and triage policies and training. S Implementation Measure 77: Organize and equip neighborhood, volunteer-manned emergency response organizations, including trained first-aid volunteers, and locally stockpiled supplies. S Implementation Measure 78: Develop and maintain an inventory of heavy equipment and trained opera- tors which would be available in major emergency situations. S Implementation Measure 79: Conduct emergency-response drills on a regular basis. S Implementation Measure 80: Identify emergency helicopter landing sites at strategic points throughout the City in the City's Emergency Response Plan. Provide data on these sites to be included in the Los Ange- les County Emergency Response Plan. S Implementation Measure 81: Participate in a tsunami warning system. S Implementation Measure 82: Work with the Red Cross, other private agencies, and local, state and fed- eral government agencies on disaster-preparedness education and training. S Implementation Measure 83: Map all existing and planned safety and health related facilities in Malibu. S OBJECTIVE 2.2: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR RECOVERY FROM ALL LEVELS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IS DEVELOPED AND UPDATED AS NEEDED. S Policy 2.2.1: The City shall facilitate timely recovery from all disasters. To implement this policy the City shall: S Implementation Measure 84: Create a disaster-recovery team to develop recovery plans and estab- lish/maintain liaison with all agencies involved in recovery from a disaster in Malibu. S Implementation Measure 85: Maintain an inventory of potential Government and private sources of aid to recovery from major disasters, and assist the community in obtaining this aid. S Implementation Measure 86: Facilitate short term recovery aid provided by local charitable and other groups and individuals, during recovery from major disasters. S Implementation Measure 87: Support and encourage residents and local businesses to carry adequate insurance or maintain adequate resources to meet most emergencies. S Implementation Measure 88: Work with law enforcement agencies to develop techniques to improve local access during times of emergency. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 5.3.3 S GOAL 3: A COMMUNITY THAT IS EXCEPTIONALLY SAFE AND HEALTHY S OBJECTIVE 3.1: ACTIVELY PROMOTE HEALTH AND SAFETY SO THAT RESIDENTS ARE EXCEPTIONALLY SAFE AND HEALTHY BY NATIONAL STAN- DARDS. S Policy 3.1.1; The City shall facilitate programs so that people feel safe, and crime and violence are minimized. S Policy 3.1.2: The City shall facilitate and/or encourage programs which will improve access to health-enhancement and health-care facilities for people of all ages. S Policy 3.1.3: The City shall assess risks to the health and safety of citizens and visitors, and in- form the public about those risks and ways to avoid them. S Policy 3.1.4: The City shall encourage efforts by private organizations to enhance community health and safety. S Policy 3.1.5: The City shall encourage volunteer efforts to assist in providing safety to busi- nesses, residents and visitors. S Policy 3.1.6: The City shall provide effective and efficient law enforcement protection ser- vices. S Policy 3.1.7: The City shall discourage the hiring of day workers from sites which might en- danger the public health and safety. To implement these policies the City shall: S Implementation Measure 89: Maintain a comprehensive program for strong police presence to deter criminal activity. S Implementation Measure 90: Maintain a comprehensive program to protect the Community from sub- stance abuse. S Implementation Measure 91: Provide law-enforcement personnel to aggressively patrol streets and rec- reational areas to prevent driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. S Implementation Measure 92: Periodically evaluate Los Angeles County Sheriff's services and service criteria to ensure that the City continues to receive adequate law enforcement services. S Implementation Measure 93: Work with private charitable groups to continue to provide safe and healthy locations for the hiring of day-workers in Malibu. S Implementation Measure 94: Prohibit smoking in government public buildings and require at a mini- mum that non-smoking areas be provided in all indoor privately owned facilities used by the public. S Implementation Measure 95: Require that employers provide toilet facilities for all temporary and per- manent workers. S Implementation Measure 96: Encourage all service stations and public buildings to provide toilet facili- ties to the public. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT S Implementation Measure 97: Support development of paratransit services offered by public and/or pri- vate agencies and service providers to improve access to health care facilities. S Implementation Measure 98: Work with health care providers to assure timely access to medical care for all segments in the community. S Implementation Measure 99: Encourage efforts to provide in-home health care for the elderly and handi- capped residents of Malibu. S Implementation Measure 100: Encourage and promote facilities for hospice care and long term in- patient medical treatment and care for the community's elderly and seriously ill. S Implementation Measure 101: Establish community health-education and safety-education programs, to include the need to prepare well ahead of time for emergency response and recovery. S Implementation Measure 102: Work with health care providers to promote, encourage, and facilitate provision of urgent care at a reasonable cost to residents and visitors. S Implementation Measure 103: Establish an education and awareness program to enhance household, wa- ter, and highway safety, and fire prevention. S Implementation Measure 104: Educate the community about risks to swimmers and surfers from ocean pollution. S Implementation Measure 105: Facilitate regular testing of water at suitable locations along the Malibu shoreline to assure that toxic substances, bacteria, and/or virus do not put ocean recreation participants at risk. S Implementation Measure 106: Review data on water quality collected and analyzed by other agencies and document inadequacies and inaccuracies that might impact the health of residents. Coordinate with the monitoring agencies to improve the monitoring program. S Implementation Measure 107: Work with local physicians and environmental groups to assess risks to swimmers and surfers from ocean pollution due to storm drainage. S Implementation Measure 108: Enact ordinances prohibiting the placing of graffiti within the City. S Implementation Measure 109: Take swift action to cause removal of any graffiti that appears within the City including properties under the jurisdiction of other governmental agencies. S Implementation Measure 110: Work with Sheriff's station to encourage employment of volunteer litter law enforcement offers and posting of violation warning signs. S Implementation Measure 111: Establish a volunteer program for cleanup of litter trouble spots on Pacific Coast Highway. S Implementation Measure 112: Develop a program to provide conveniently located trash collection recep- tacles and provide regularly scheduled special litter cleanup for neighborhoods suffering particularly heavy litter accumulation. S Implementation Measure 113: Work with other agencies to develop literature to educate the public about the negative impacts of litter. SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT 5.4 Appendix—Safety Element Maps and Figures Figure S-1: Centralized Geologic Map Sections—South-Central Santa Monica Monuntains Figure S-2: Local Onshore Fault Map Figure S-3: Map of Offshore Geology and Faulting Figure S-4: Local Earthquake Epicenter Map Figure S-5: General Landslide Features and Nomenclature Figure S-6: General Landslide Map of Malibu Figure S-7: Landslide Types - Falls & Slides Figure S-8: Landslide Types - Slumps & Flows Figure S-9: Landslide Types - Complex & Creep Figure S-10: Location of Possible Collapsible Soils Point Dume Area Figure S-11: Tsunamis Runup Map for 100 year and 500 Year Recurrence Figure S-12: Mean Annual Shoreline Change Rate Figure S-13: General Location of Coastal Development Types & Relative Risk to Coastal Hazards Figure S-14: Mean Beach Width, 1960 - 1988 (in feet) Figure S-15: Estimated Long-term Mean Rate of Seacliff Retreat (ft/yr) Figure S-16: Fire History South-Central Santa Monica Mountains Generalized Geologic Map Sections: CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN Figure S-1 Gelegy mappel in 1961–65, and in part computed and mouthful fromSchoolihamme and Yeaks II 961L Schoolihamma and others II 962L andTests and others I 964 34.07.3 34.00. 1 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 TO 100 Topanga quadrangie SCA LEVEL 5000 8 10.37.30 S MILES BAY Malibu Beach quadrangi DEA LEVEL - 5000 900 MONICA THRUST MALIEU COAST 0- 18.45 A F Z A S ٧, lake. Castro Peak Point Cume quadrangle The son Paint D Contact Desked where approximately booked; dolted between formations in litho- facies units of this map High-engle fault.Darked where approximately located 100 Malibu Coast faultDasked where approximately beate Thrust faultSauterth on upper plate; dashedwhere approximately boated 00,25,811 1 111 Middle Miocene to upper Bocene sedimentary rocks, predominantly continental (includes Sespe Formation) Upper and middle Mincene marine sedimentary rocks (Monterey Shale) Middle and lower Miocene marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks Middle and lower Miscene sedimentary rocks, pre-dominantly marine (Lower Topanga Formation ofDurrell, 1954) Upper middle Miocene marine sedimentary rocks (Upper Toppanga Formation of Durrell, 1954) Middle Miocene volcanic rocks (Middle TopangaFormation of Durrell, 1954) Eocene and Paleocene marine sedimentary rocks Upper Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks re rocks MOUNTAIN SECUENCE(North of Malibu Coast fault) COASTAL SECUENCE(South of Malibu Coast (ault) Upper middle Miocene intrusiv ŭ. 3 90 8 LOCAL ONSHORE FAULT MAP(from Yerkes & Campbell, 1979) CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PL/ te nen net says to osigner in A la collecci. 2 4 6 6 2 KITOWELEUE ---- Performenting SANDIKOAD Hearing series agingHearing series aging Camer 10004 15705 EXMYNVEOR DELLAN Christ Ca 23 Are ; ( Service Services Company ð Encing! Sare Jan' E ... The stand 1 130.25.00 16010 ξ ٨, AND ST. ConvolvenoreService Serven 1 1 4 000 ADVANOT DE ANAMONUO SANG TRIOS STY CANDING ĺ ن -,01.10,- במירונות שבתר ונוע שרורב ל $1800 00 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 X 100 Canca to nc., 1992 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGURE S-3 MAP OF OFFSHORE GEOLOGY AND FAULTING MALIBU, CALIFORNIA (from Greene & Kennedy, 1986. Solid where well defined, dashed where informed, queried where ancertain. Buths shown on superplate of huntral failed. Where full of littles solid the size primod it shown on that one downlinews infeld. Where the was defe Solid where well defined, dashed where inferred, queried, where uncertain, Solid arrow indicates direction of axial plunge. All contacts are extrapolated from a combination of teismic reflection data, samples, and barlymetry, and are approximate in location. 4 GEOLOGIC CONTACT cuts strate of Pleistocene age. cuts strate of Quaternary ago cuts strata of Pitocene age,cuts Missene or older strata cuts strata of Holocene age, SYMBOLS FAULTS Anticline FOLDS Syndline ļ 2--- ٩ 0 ∢ ∢ .# 0 5 ◁ - ĸ. din. SANTA MONICA # Filted: Dash-dot line maris asis, arrow indicates direction of paleo-sediment transport, Channel boundary solid where well defined, dashed where inferred. Creep (noted on single survey line), arrow indicates apparent direction of sediment movement. 10% 0 18 Solid where well defined, dashed where inferred, queried where uncertain é THE REPORT OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF Ë Slup- strows indeaste direction of movimen. FAULT Note Artas of Quatemary sociences feat than Jim thit generally are not suppose on ridges and alone of the mid-and every part of the borderand Units. Tim study firm may include upper Objection to the time of the borderand U W. Company 13.3 Slump scarp. LOS ANGELES Oil and/or pas serp. Acoustic anomaly, LANDSLIDES CHANNELS عدي څخ څاه GAS 1000円の ~ ( . Z. 1 QTS 6 5 ž 4 nomit in the second V 1000 Stands Was 9 FAULT Water CHANGE * PROJECTION X 100 0 TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PR.Scale 1:250,000 5 3 OXNARD š tt. ° OF 0 Q) 0 00 00 ردد Q( 0 0 00 % 0 0 Ó 60 C) 0 ( 0 00 0 Ø О 0 315 0 U 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 О )Q 0 Ö ŏ 0 0 O ~°°°° 0 О 00 Ū, ď 0 ୦ ଷୂ Ů, 0 OXNARDO OO CIOW cracks ORIGINAL GROUND OF DEPLETION MON Transve CIACE SECONDER! 50 ACCUM eidan: feult rone Radial crack MAIN ECDY NOMENCLATURE MAIN SCARP-A steep surface on the undisturbed ground around the FLANK-The side of the landslide. periphary of the slide, caused by the movement of slide material away from CROWN-The material that is still in place, practically undisplaced and undisturbed ground. The projection of the scarp surface under the displaced adjacent to the highest parts of the main scarp. material becomes the surface of rupture. Officilital GROUNO SURFACE-The slope that existed before the movement MINOR SCARP-A steep surface on the displaced material produced by which is being considered took place. If this is the surface of an older differential movements within the sliding mass. landstide, that fact should be stated. HEAD-The upper parts of the slide material along the contact between the LEFT AND RIGHT-Compass directions are preforable in describing a slide displaced material and the main scorp. but if right and loft are used they refer to the slide as viewed from the crown. TOP-The highest point of contact between the displaced material and the SURFACE OF SEPARATION-The surface separating displaced material from main scarp. stable material but not known to have been a surface on which failure TOE OF SURFACE OF RUPTURE-The intersection (sometimes buried) accurred. between the lower part of the surface of rupture and the original ground DISPLACED MATERIAL—The material that has moved away from its original surface. position on the slope. It may be in a deformed or undeformed state. TOE-The margin of displaced material most distant from the main ZONE OF DEPLETION-The area within which the displaced material lies Scarp. below the original ground surface TIP-The point on the toe most distant from the top of the clide, ZONE OF ACCUMULATION—The erea within which the displaced material ites FOOT-That portron of the displaced material that lies downslope from the toe above the original ground surface. of the surface of supture. MAIN BODY--That part of the displaced material that overties the surface of rupture between the main scarp and toe of the surface of rupture. SOURCE: CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLA FIGURE S-5 GENERAL LANDSLIDE FEATURES AND NOMENCLATURE (Varnes, 1978) \tilde{\mathcal{A}} ۲ 8 EXPLANATION PROBABLE PROBABLE DEFINITE DEFINITE BEDROCK LANDSLIDES NONICA GREATER THAN100 ACRES GREATER THAN100 ACRES 5 - 100 ACRES 5 - 100 ACRES SANTA 37IS MAP SYMBOL • -Fall-masses of rock and (or) other material that have moved downslope primarily by falling or bouncing through the air. -Slide-incoherent or broken masses of took and (or) other material that have moved downslope by sliding on a sur- face that underlies the deposit. SOURCE: Harland Bartholomew & Assoc., 1992 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PL/ FIGURE S-7 LANDSLIDE TYPES - FALLS & SLIDES (Nilsen and others, 1979) OMENDIANI -Sump-coherent or intact masses or rock and (ur) other material that have moved downslope by rutational stip on surfaces that underlie as well as penetrate the landslide deposit. SLUMP EARTHFLOW dillery Flow -Cross section of a complex landslide showing move- ment by slumping at the top and flowing at the bottom (from Sharpe, 1938, fig. 8). -Diagram showing creep and its effects (Sharpe, 1938. 4 Eg.2). (A) Moved joint blocks; (B) trees with curved trunks con- cave upslope (a criterion to be used with caution); (C) downslope bending and drag of bedded rock or weathered veins, also pre- sent beneath soil elsewhere on the slope; (D) displaced posts, poles, and monuments; (E) broken or displaced retaining walls and foundations; (F) roads and railroads moved out of aline- ment; (G) turf rolled downslope from creaping boulders; (H) stone-line at approximate base of creeping soil. A and C repre- sent rock-creep; all other features shown are due to soil-croep. Similar effects may be produced by some types of landslides. SOURCE: Hannan Geotechnical Inc., 1992 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLA FIGURE S-9 LANDSLIDE TYPES - COMPLEX & CREEP (Nilsen and others, 1979) Tranca SOURCE: Hannan Geotechnical Inc., 1992 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLA FIGURE S-10 LOCATION OF POSSIBLE COLLAPSIBLE SOILSPOINT DUME AREA(from Campbell, 1980) CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGURE S-11 TSUNAMIS RUNUP MAP FOR 100 YEAR RED 500 YEAR RECURRENCE MALIBU, CALIFORNIA R_{100} = 6.1' R_{500} = 10.2' 2 JOENHOD! SCALE IN MILES BUSDIL SCE UNAVENIZA Z MOMANIO 2 GHIVE o II. क्षा है स्थातंत्र है 7 COAST R_{100} = 5.4^{\circ} R_{500} = 9.3^{\circ} PACIFIC Piller OCEAN THE REAL PROPERTY. YOUND/ SV SHEDWIN OVOH מיסט איסטיים אסיים . พอมพรา " เพิ่มตั 644 12 OTTO CANO יעוֹמס באעטון R_{100} = 5.4' R_{500} = 9.3' 100 A. Cunstal Housing IV Increasing Coastal Risks CILIV HISCO SVIPO PALLE . Coastal Housing III R_{100} = 5.1'R_{500} = 8.7' C11 111 CIFIC S. MERT Coastal Housing II 11110W 154715 141 C(1 11 1 Syd ones trong A 1 Constant State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State of State lersch. ENCHANT. . Д ovoir.) May Coastal Housing 8 Store Towns CILI tone pear mirthy harry SPICOLAL SOURCE: Hannan Geotechnical Inc., 1992 plaff top 4 מבלונים bluf for contact bluff Coastal Read III 1 E E PACIFIC V R_{100} = 5.1'R_{500} = 8.7' 3/ 1 m coartal bacticital "*bt Coastal Road 1 CR I 23.0 D Unity bury Chall top 3, 12 C 30 C 5 Ź. ŀ FIGURE S-12 MEAN ANNUAL SHORELINE CHANGE RATE, CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN 1938-1988 (in ft/yr) SCALE IN MILES Z .1 SOURCE: Mottatt and Nichol, Engineering 7/92 OCEAN Strang Chargery 8 The same SERVICE ROLL BOND 1,93 Advance Retreat COL CHILLEN 1SYE BANG TIVENDS SCH BANK CPCH O MCDAK PACIF 0.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 က N -0.5 distribusion. -1.5 TO COASTAL HAZARDS FIGURE S-13 GENERAL LOCATION OF COSTAL DEVELOPMENT TYPES & RELATN ; RISK PLAN 40141Q1 day top) GINAT MICH SCALE IN MILES CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL Z CAMP.O. 1 Tra HIGHWAY 0 CHI CR راهاكي والمساهدي COAST CHI PACIFIC THEFT 2 CONNO V H HHO \alpha_{VOlj} 0 0 OF HOLINGTON TOOKS CR 1 CHAZON CHI CHI 13 OHO CHO ויעופט באונסוי ag, CHIN NOTE. The runup helight is the land elevation (or contour) that the incoming tsunami will reach.—all areas seaward of these controus, at lower elevations, will be inhudated. It than the sight includes the affects of the no On the U. S. G. S. maps used for the Geologic Hazards Maps (Plates 1 through 16, the lowest marked contour is 25 feet. The equivalent contour location for tsunami unubless bount one-half the distance between the shoreline The higher runups occur in the eastern part of Malibu because of the amplification effects related to Santa Moncia Bay resonant oscillations. 10500 BATHE Way CHIV CRI S - L すべいいのか - \tau * ti_{\mathcal{D}_{hj}} CHI J. 100 0 0.00 May May ٩ Y Control of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the ENTERNA S 1 ۵ West. 1 uvoW 918 AN AND AND SECOND ENCRYA SOURCE: Hannan Geotechnical Inc., 1992 1 CHL CHI "occess" PACIFIC CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN MEAN BEACH WIDTH, 1960-1988 (in feet) FIGURE S-14 OCEAN COUNTY SHOWING CAS - Eller all was → B ١, SOURCE: Molisti and Nichol, Engineering 7/92 ># SCALE IN MILES ᄣ z CANYCEL PICAO - 2 COL 1 CVIND COL - 5 -- BOWSALL DRIVE . BARNO ____ 10 "Gines C C O. PACIFI M विभेग्ने ग्रामका 200 Estimated rate if seacliff was unprotected. FIGURE S-15- ESTIMATED LONG-TERM MEAN RATE OF CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN SEACLIFF RETREAT (ft/yr) Ė Field evidence, mean rate with estimated range. OCEAN - PLANSON SHOPS COASI LEGEND Const. 1 |-*-| 1 SOURCE: Molfalt and Nichol, Engineering 7/92 SCALE IN MILES Z CHEST PROPERTY BOND SeacliffsProtected , I SeacliffsMostlyUnprotected COUR CYNLCS * ж DAINE TIVSNOB MINE SeacliffsProtected 2005 ONOR Seacliffs MostlyUnprotected S MCINA yes. Ц AC σ विविद्यां कार्या -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 FIGURE S-16 FIRE HISTORY Source: Californal Office of Emergency Services/Federal Emergency Management Agency CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN SCALE IN MILES z .. 40 n) 2 V Ш S 0 ON THE WAR TOWN Notes: 1. Bross first operation in the past 117 years with no recorded permitted are not included. 2. White areas have not recorded busin fire permitter. 3. Brush fire permitters in Ventura County michae on the permitte \circ LEGEND _ ц _ S V NOISE ELEMENT CHAPTER 6.0 NOISE ELEMENT 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Legislative Authorization 6.1.2 Purpose and Scope 6.1.3 Related Information and Terminology 6.2 Standards, Plans and Regulations Noise and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines 6.2.1 6.2.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 6.2.3 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 6.2.4 State of California 6.3 Existing Noise Environment In General 6.3.1 6.3.2 Community Noise Survey 6.3.3 Roadway Traffic Noise 6.3.4 Noise Contours 6.3.5 Interpretation of Roadway Noise Contours 6.4 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures N GOAL 1 6.4.1 6.5 Appendix-Noise Element Maps and Figures NOISE ELEMENT 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Legislative Authorization The State of California has mandated that each county and city prepare a noise element as part of its general plan. Section 65302(f) of the California Government Code requires that the element shall: identify and appraise noise problems in the community. The noise element shall recognize the guide- lines established by the Office of Noise Control in the State Department of Health Services and shall analyze and quantify, to the extent practicable, as determined by the legislative body, current and pro- jected noise levels for all of the following sources: Highways and freeways; 0 Primary arterials and major local streets; ۰ Passenger and freight on-line railroad operations and ground rapid transit systems; ٠ Commercial, general aviation, heliport, helistop, and military airport operations, aircraft over- flights, jet engine test stands, and all other ground facilities and maintenance functions related to airport operation; . Local industrial plants, including, but not limited to, railroad classification yards; and ۰ Other ground stationary noise sources identified by local agencies as contributing to the commu- nity noise environment. 6.1.2 Purpose and Scope The purpose of the Noise Element is to provide guidance for comprehensive local programs to control and abate excessive noise and to protect residents from adverse noise impacts. The element provides information on the existing and projected noise environment and includes, goals, objectives, policies and implementation programs to ensure an acceptable noise environment. The element also identifies criteria to be used by deci- sion makers in evaluating the noise implications of proposed projects. The typical community noise environment is comprised of a background noise level and higher noise levels, frequently transportation oriented. Because the background noise level is lower at night, the problems posed by higher noise levels are more pronounced at night. The predominant noise source in Malibu is vehicular traffic from Pacific Coast Highway, the major canyon roads, and the local arterials. Stationary sources within the City include a wide range of recreational, com- mercial, and business activities. 6.1.3 Related Information and Terminology Noise is most often defined as unwanted sound. Sound levels can easily be measured, but the variability in subjective and physical response to sound requires a more detailed analysis to determine the impact on peo- ple. People judge the relative magnitude of sound sensation in subjective terms such as "loudness" or "noisi- ness." Physically, sound pressure magnitude is measured and quantified on a scale which indicates the sound level in units of decibels (dB). All sound pressure levels discussed in this study are referenced to the stan- dard reference pressure of 20 microPascals. NOISE ELEMENT The human hearing system is not equally sensitive to sound at all frequencies. Because of this variability, a frequency-dependent adjustment called an A-weighting has been devised so that sound may be measured in a manner similar to the way the human hearing system responds. The use of the A-weighted sound level is often indicated by using the abbreviation "dBA" for expressing the sound level. An increase in the sound level by 10 dBA is judged by most people to be approximately twice as loud as the former, whereas most people are unable to detect a change in less than 3 dBA. To acquaint the reader with sound levels produced by common noise sources, measured sound levels for various sources are provided in Figure N-1. It is desirable to describe a noise environment with a single number representing an hour or even a whole day so that easy reference and comparison can be made. Common methods which are widely used in the United States and abroad consider the average noise level and the maximum level recorded over a period of time, referred to as the Equivalent Level (Leq), the Minimum Level (Lmin), and Maximum Level (Lmax), re- spectively. Leq is a single-number noise descriptor that represents the average sound level in an environment where the actual noise level varies with time, L_{min} and L_{max} are the lowest and highest noise level that oc- curred during that time. In a typical outdoor environment, the noise level varies during the day according to various activities in the community. Noise that may be acceptable during the day may be unwanted sound at night; e.g., automobile traffic on a nearby street, aircraft overflight, or dog barking. Thus, additional units of measurements have been developed to evaluate the longer term characteristics of sound. The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) and the day-night level (Ldn), along with Leq, are the measurements commonly used in Cali- fornia. CNEL is a single-number noise descriptor. However, CNEL represents the average noise level over a 24- hour period and is appropriate in assessing long-term roadway noise impacts. CNEL is similar to a 24-hour Leq, but with a 10 dBA penalty added to nighttime (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) sound levels and a 5 dBA penalty added to evening sound levels (7 p.m. to 10 a.m.) before the 24-hour average is computed. These penalties are applied to account for the increased annoyance that is generally felt by a person of normal sensitivity during the evening relaxation and nighttime sleep hours. CNEL is the noise metric currently specified in the State Aeronautics Code for evaluation of the noise im- pact of airplanes. Additionally, CNEL is specified by the State Noise Insulation Standards for new multiple family dwellings. Local compliance with these standards requires that community noise be specified in terms of CNEL. Intermittent or occasional noise, such as that associated with a stationary noise source sometimes is not loud enough to exceed the CNEL or L_{\text{eq}} community noise standards. To account for such intermittent noise, acoustical engineers characterize noise in terms of percent noise level (L percent). The percent noise level is the level exceeded "x" percent of the time during the measurement period. For example, in an area where noise levels exceed 65 dB 90% of the time, L90 is 65 dB. NOISE ELEMENT 6.2 Standards, Plans and Regulations 6.2.1 Noise and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines Noise has the potential to affect human health in various ways. Community decision makers may use avail- able community noise information, therefore, to ensure that a minimum number of people are exposed to potentially harmful noise sources. To aid decision makers, several federal and state agencies have estab- lished noise/land use compatibility guidelines. These guidelines are all based upon cumulative noise criteria, such as Leq, CNEL, or Ldn. These land uses and compatibility guidelines are illustrated in Figure N-2. 6.2.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) In March 1984, the EPA published a document which for the past nine years has served as the primary source of information about noise and its effects on land use and people. The document entitled Information of Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare With an Adequate Margin of Safety (EPA 550/9-74-004), contains a table which identifies indoor thresholds requisite for protecting human health in both indoor and outdoor environments. According to this publication, 55 Ldn is described as the threshold level with an adequate margin of safety for areas for outdoor activities associated with residential development and recreational activities. The document and the thresholds are not considered standards, specifications, or regulations. 6.2.3 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) The FHWA has adopted and published noise abatement criteria for highway construction projects. The FHWA abatement criteria establishes an exterior noise goal for residential land uses of 67 L_{eq}. The interior goal for residences is 52 Leq. The criteria apply to private yard areas and assume that typical wood frame houses with open windows provide a 10 dB noise reduction and a 20 dB noise reduction with the windows closed. 6.2.4 State of California The State of California has adopted noise standards in areas of regulation not preempted by the federal gov- ernment*. State standards regulate noise levels of motor vehicles, freeway noise affecting classrooms, sound transmissions, occupational noise control, and airport noise. The purpose of the standards is to establish minimum noise insulation performance standards to protect persons within new hotel, motels, apartment houses, and dwellings other than detached single-family dwellings. The standards specify that interior noise levels, with windows closed, attributable to exterior sources shall not exceed an annual noise level of 45 dB CNEL in any habitable room. In addition, residential buildings or structures within a 60 dB CNEL exterior noise environment due to airport, vehicular, or industrial noise sources are required to have an acoustical analysis prepared indicating that the proposed building has been designed to limit intruding noise to the al- lowable 45 dB CNEL interior noise level. In 1976, the Department of Health, State Office of Noise Control published a recommended noise/land use compatibility matrix which many jurisdictions have adopted as a standard in their general plan noise ele- ments. This matrix indicates that residential land uses and other noise sensitive receptors generally should locate in areas where outdoor ambient noise levels do not exceed 65 to 70 dBA (CNEL or Ldn). * The California Sound Transmission Control Standards are found in California Administrative Code, Title 25, Building Standards, Chapter 2.5, as adopted March 1, 1986, NOISE ELEMENT 6.3 Existing Noise Environment 6.3.1 In General The City includes a wide variety of land use and development types that are noise sensitive. Noise sensitive land uses include, single and multiple family residences, schools, libraries, medical facilities, retirement/rest homes, and places of religious worship. The predominant land uses in the City are noise sensitive residential uses. The existing measurable noise environment was documented through both a community noise survey and computer generated noise contours. The noise survey identified existing noise levels generated by various sources at specific locations within the City while the computer analysis predicted existing and future road- way noise levels. 6.3.2 Community Noise Survey A community noise survey was conducted on July 16, 1992 to document the existing noise environment within the City of Malibu. Noise measurements were conducted at 10 sites between 9:28 a.m. and 3:03 p.m. The locations were representative of residential, commercial and public use areas. Noise measurement sur- vey data forms for each location are provided in Appendix A of the Background Report to this Element. The approximate locations of the noise measurements are illustrated in Figure N-3 and the results are presented in Table 6-1. Each site was measured for 15 minutes. The quantities measured are in L_{eg}, L_{min}, and L_{max}. The noise measurement results summarized in Table 6-1 should be used as a guide or indication of noise levels throughout the community. The land uses in the locations surveyed included predominantly noise sensitive land uses such as residential neighborhoods. Commercial uses also exist at three of the measurement sites and one location contains only commercial uses. Public open space such as the Malibu Bluffs Park were also surveyed for noise levels. The noise sources in most of the locations surveyed included vehicular traffic, street maintenance, animals, heli- copter and other aircraft; and lawn equipment. The noise survey recorded Leg noise levels throughout the City of 74 dBA and below. Most of the noise levels in these areas are compatible with the land uses, there are however, a few areas identified on Table 6-1 in which the noise levels exceed the normally acceptable levels for the existing land uses. NOISE ELEMENT Table 6-1 NOISE MEASUREMENT SURVEY RESULTS Noise Levels (in dBA) Location Time L_{eq} L_{min} L_{max} PCH and Decker Canyon Road 1:02 p.m. 73 48 81 PCH and Trancas Canyon Road 12:30 p.m. 70 57 78 3. PCH between Busch and Morning View 1:36 p.m. 74 53 81 Dume Drive and Grayfox Street 11:54 a.m. 37 63 74 PCH and Zuma Mesa Road 11:28 a.m. 72 49 78 6. Malibu Country/Vantage Point 2:16 p.m. 52 36 65 PCH and Malibu Canyon Road 10:54 a.m. 68 51 75 8. Cross Creek/Civic Center Way 9:48 a.m. 48 75 64 9. Carbon Canyon/Carbon Mesa 9:22 a.m. 49 32 59 10. PCH/Las Flores Canyon Road 2:48 p.m. 72 51 79 Source: Harland Bartholomew & Associates, July 1992 6.3.3 Roadway Traffic Noise The dominant noise source in Malibu is roadway traffic from Pacific Coast Highway which runs east/west throughout the City. Additional roadway traffic noise arises from some of the canyon roads including, Malibu Canyon Road and Kanan Dume Road which run north/south. 6.3.4 Noise Contours The noise contours represent lines of equal noise exposure, just as the lines on a weather map indicate equal temperature or atmospheric pressure. The contours provide a visualization of estimates of sound level. Land forms and man-made structures have very complex effects on sound transmission and on noise contours. Generally, barriers between a source and receiver absorb or reflect noise resulting in a quieter environment. Where barriers or land forms do not interrupt the noise transmission path from source to receiver, the con- tours prove to be good estimates of the average noise level. In areas where barriers or land forms interrupt the sound transmission, the noise contours overestimate the extent to which a source intrudes into the com- munity. The noise contour distances describe worst-case conditions because they do not account for any ob- structions to the noise path, such as walls, berms, or buildings. There were 16 roadway segments that were analyzed; Table 6-2 provides the results of the analysis along Pacific Coast Highway during the summer months which are the peak traffic months. A graphic display of the 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 dB CNEL noise contours for the existing major roadway noise sources is provided in Figures 6-4(A-D) and 6-5(A-D). Figure 6-4(A-D) presents an overall picture and sev- eral detailed maps of the contours for annual roadway noise. Figure 6-5(A-D) presents an overall picture and several detailed maps of the contours for the summer months/peak season roadway noise along Pacific Coast Highway. The noise contours represent unmitigated conditions. Therefore, on roadways where walls, berms or structures block the noise path, the contours overestimate the noise impact. It is not possible for a general plan noise element to analyze each roadway segment of the City for barrier noise attenuation. Therefore, where specific projects are proposed within noise impacted areas, an acoustical NOISE ELEMENT analysis should be completed to evaluate the noise reduction provided by any barriers to the noise path. A description of the study methodology and data sources is included in the Background Report to this Element. Table 6-2 EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS Distance to CNEL from Roadway Centerline Roadway Segment 75' 70' 65' 60' 55' PCH west of Topanga Canyon Road, east of Serra Road 55.0 139.2 394.7 1,052.4 2,468.1 PCH west of Serra Road, east of Cross Creek 52.2 93.2 185.8 379.4 761.6 PCH west of Cross Creek, east of Civic Center Way 0.0 87.0 172.3 351.7 708.2 PCH west of Civic Center Way, east of Ramirez Canyon Road 0.0 73.8 291.5 143.0 590.6 PCH west of Ramirez Canyon Road, east of Morning View Drive 0.0 69.4 133.2 271.0 550.2 PCH west of Morning View Drive, east of (western) City limit 0.0 55.8 101.8 204.5 417.1 Cross Creek Road north of PCH 0.0 0.0 104.9 218.3 51.3 Malibu Canyon Road north of PCH, south of Civic Center Way 0.0 0.0 50.6 103.5 215.3 Malibu Canyon Road north of Civic Center Way 0.0 0.0 350.0 81.5 169.3 Kanan Dume Drive north of PCH 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.9 130.0 Source: Harland Bartholomew & Associates, 1992 Table 6-3 EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS DURING SUMMER MONTHS Distance to CNEL from Roadway Centerline Roadway Segment 75' 70' 60' 65' 55" PCH west of (eastern) City limit, east of Serra Road 58.3 150.5 426.5 1,128.1 2,618.7 PCH west of Serra Road, east of Cross Creek 54.3 98.2 196.7 401.5 803.9 PCH west of Cross Creek, east of Civic Center Way 92.2 51.7 183.6 374.9 752.9 PCH west of Civic Center Way, east of Ramirez Canyon Road 0.0 78.0 152.4 310.8 628.5 PCH west of Ramirez Canyon Road, east of Morning View Drive 73.9 0.0 143.2 291.9 591.4 59.3 PCH west of Morning View Drive, east of (western) City limit 0.0 110.0 222.2 452.9 Source: Harland Bartholomew & Associates, 1992 6.3.5 Interpretation of Roadway Noise Contours Figures N-4 and N-5 display the 75, 70, 65, 60 and 55 dB CNEL noise contours that were generated using the FHWA noise model for existing roadway noise sources in the City of Malibu. The contours portray areas of equal noise level within an equivalent distance from the roadway centerline. The eastern segment of Pacific Coast Highway which runs from the eastern City limits to Serra Road, is characterized by the highest noise levels. This area generates a 75 dB CNEL contour which extends 55 feet from the roadway centerline, a 70 dB CNEL contour which extends approximately 140 feet from the road- way centerline, and a 65 dB CNEL contour which extends approximately 400 feet from the roadway center- line. The average half-width of Pacific Coast Highway is 25 feet. Therefore, the 75 dB CNEL extends 30 NOISE ELEMENT feet beyond the outer boundary of the roadway. A significant number of the residential dwelling units are located along Pacific Coast Highway with no setbacks. Many of these homes are exposed to noise levels as high as 75 dB CNEL depending on the type of landscaping or other noise-attenuating barriers located at each structure. The 65 db CNEL extends as far as the Pacific Ocean, encompassing all of the beach side residen- tial units along this segment of Pacific Coast Highway. Noise levels of 65, 70 and 75 dB CNEL are consid- ered incompatible with single-family residential dwelling units. Along Pacific Coast Highway east of the Civic Center area, Serra Road to Cross Creek Road, noise contours of up to 75 dB CNEL are generated approximately 52 feet from the roadway centerline. Undeveloped/open space areas dominate the land adjacent to the street along this segment of Pacific Coast Highway. Noise lev- els of 75 dB are acceptable with this type of land use. There are noise contours of 70 dB CNEL generated approximately 87 feet from the roadway centerline along the segment of Pacific Coast Highway running through the Civic Center area, Cross Creek Road to Civic Center Road. The land uses along this segment of Pacific Coast Highway are primarily commercial. Noise levels of 70 dB CNEL and lower are compatible with commercial uses. However, most uses such as the Hughes Market are set back from the roadway and/or have large parking lots adjacent to Pacific Coast Highway and therefore the actual use is exposed to even lower noise levels. The segment of Pacific Coast Highway which runs from Civic Center Way to Ramirez Canyon Road gener- ates noise contours of 70 dB CNEL approximately 74 feet from the roadway centerline. Much of the land along this segment of the road is undeveloped/open space, however there is some commercial and a signifi- cant amount of residential land uses along there as well. The undeveloped/open space areas and commercial land uses are compatible with noise levels of 70 dB CNEL and below and are therefore not incompatible with the noise levels. The 65 dB CNEL contour extends 143 feet from the roadway centerline. Therefore residents along Pacific Coast Highway are exposed to noise levels of 65 dB CNEL and to some extent 70 dB CNEL which is incompatible with the state guidelines. Along Cross Creek Road, the noise levels are lower, with the 65 dB CNEL contour extending approximately 51 feet from the roadway centerline. The primary land use along Cross Creek Road is commercial and therefore the noise levels are compatible with the land uses. Noise contours of up to 65 db CNEL are generated along Malibu Canyon Road between Pacific Coast Highway and Civic Center Way and extend approximately 51 feet from the roadway centerline. The area to the east of the roadway is undeveloped/open space and the area to the west is not within the City limits. North of Civic Center Way, contours of up to 65 dB CNEL extend approximately 82 feet from the roadway centerline. The land uses along this segment of Malibu Canyon Road include the Hughes Aircraft Research Facility, religious facilities and residential uses. Most of the structures are set back from the roadway and are not exposed to this noise level. Noise levels of 60 dB CNEL and below are compatible with all land uses. There are similar noise contours generated along Pacific Coast Highway running west of Ramirez Canyon Road to Morning View Drive. The noise levels of up to 70 dB CNEL are compatible with the commercial uses in the area, however these noise levels are incompatible with both the multifamily and single-family residential land uses located in the area. The 70 dB CNEL contours extend approximately 70 feet from the roadway centerline and many of the residential uses may be set back farther than 45 feet from the edge of the roadway and would not be exposed to these noise levels. Noise contours of 65 dB CNEL extend ap- proximately 133 feet from the roadway centerline. Multifamily residential uses are compatible with this NOISE ELEMENT noise level but 65 dB CNEL noise levels are incompatible with the existing single-family residential land uses. Along Kanan Dume Drive north of Pacific Coast Highway the highest noise contours are 60 dB CNEL which extend approximately 63 feet from the roadway centerline. This noise level is compatible with all land uses. The segment of Pacific Coast Highway that runs from Morning View Drive to the western City limits is dominated by undeveloped/open space areas, single-family residential uses, and a limited number of com- mercial uses. The 70 dB CNEL noise contours extend approximately 56 feet from the roadway centerline or approximately 30 feet from the edge of the roadway. The undeveloped/open spaces areas and commercial uses are not incompatible with this noise level. Many of the single-family residential land uses are set back farther than 30 feet from the edge of the roadway and are not exposed to this noise level. The 65 dB CNEL noise contour extends approximately 100 feet from the roadway centerline, or 75 feet from the edge of the roadway. Many of the single-family residential units may have setbacks of greater than 75 feet or have land- scaping or some other form of sound barrier and therefore may not be within the 65 dB CNEL contour. The single-family land uses that are within 65 dB CNEL are exposed to noise levels incompatible with the land uses. Figure N-5 represents noise contours generated by vehicular traffic along Pacific Coast Highway during the peak traffic months, typically June through September. The noise contours generated by peak vehicular traf- fic extend slightly farther than the noise contours generated during the non-peak months. There are few dif- ferences in the distances of the contours, the higher contours extend approximately two to three feet (75 dB CNEL) farther, three to 11 feet longer (70 dB CNEL), and nine to 30 feet longer (65 dB CNEL) during the peak season. The same land uses which are affected by high noise levels during the off-peak season are af- fected during the peak season, with no additional uses affected. The exception occurs on the segment of Pa- cific Coast Highway which runs from Cross Creek Road to Civic Center Way. The 75 dB CNEL contour extends approximately 52 feet from the roadway centerline during the peak season and there is no 75 dB CNEL contour during the off-peak season. The commercial uses along this segment of the road are set back from the highway and would not be exposed to the higher noise levels. The noise measurements described above indicate that noise levels in the majority of the areas surveyed in the City are compatible with the surrounding land uses according to State guidelines. The noise contours in Malibu indicate that the eastern portion of the City experiences greater noise levels than the western portion and that, according to State guidelines, homes not located along Pacific Coast Highway are generally not exposed to unacceptable levels of noise. However, comments made during all phases of the citizen participa- tion process indicate that City residents have found the level of noise, particularly during peak visitor days, to be unacceptable. NOISE ELEMENT Ta8876-4 MAXIMUM EXTERIOR NOISE LIMITS NON-TRANSPORTATION SOURCES Noise Level Receiving Land Use Category General Plan Land Use Districts Time Period dBA Leg Laux Rural All RR Zones and PRF, CR, AH, OS 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. 55 75 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 50 65 10:00 pant to 7:00 a.m. -10 55 Other Residential All SER, MER and MFBI Zones 55 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.: 75 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 511 65 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 15 (10) measures have been implemented and interior noise levels are in compliance with this table. Console reducing my application of the local of the in of the consoler of the local of the interview of the local of the interview of the local of the local of the local of the local of the local of the local of the local (3) Where it is not possible to reduce noise in outdoor activity areas to 50 dB Lag/CNEL or Jess using practical application of the best-available (2) As determined for a typical worst-case hour during periods of use land use (1) Where the location of outdoor activity areas is unknown, the exampteness level standard shall be applied to the property line of the receiving MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NOISE EXPOSURE TRANSPORTATION NOISE SOURCES Playgrounds and neighborhood parks 70 Schools, libraries and museums, child care Outdoor A@haity Areas (1) Interior Spaces 42 Office buildings Lau/(0014. dB Lten A23 (2) Ldu/CNEL, dB Chill Ches and meeting halls 1109 40 45 Thearers; auditoria, music halls 60 (") 43 35 HERTHERY KIND GREET HERTHER IN MEDICAL 60 (3) 43 H63pitfal8, 18tig/tePhl:In!pliffent medical Lhangent hoomings, music halls 60 (3) 45 35 RESIDENCE Ind meeting halfs 50 (2) 45 117 Lan/CNEL, dB Lda/CNEL, dB L_{\rm eq}/HB^{-(2)} Office buildings Outdoor Activity Areas (1) Interior Spaces 1: Schools, libraries and museums, child care Playgrounds and neighborhood parks 711 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NOISE EXPOSURE TRANSPORTATION NOISE SOURCES 1.1) Appear the pocition of original early in many magnitudes at a Table 6-57s of standard shall be abblind to the classical part of the becomes rand use (2). As determined for a typical worst-case from sharing periods of use (3) Where n is not possible to reduce these in outdoor network areas to 50 aB 1. CALL "7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m." th.00sts 120 Commercial, Institutional correction CN, CC, CV, CG, and \ Zones at 10 mgm. 7:00 a.m. 10 7:00 p.m. 101 11 6501 child Pin 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 45 60 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. NOISE ELEMENT 6.4 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 6.4.1 N GOAL 1: ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVELS N OBJECTIVE 1.1: A COMPREHENSIVE NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM. N Policy 1.1.1 The City shall protect residences, parks and recreational areas from excessive noise to permit the enjoyment of activities. N Policy 1.1.2: The City shall protect noise sensitive land uses from negative impacts of prox- imity to noise generating uses. N Policy 1.1.3: The City shall reduce noise along PCH. N Policy 1.1.4: The City shall work with businesses and residents in a joint effort to plan, con- trol, and attain an acceptable noise environment. N Policy 1.1.5: The City shall encourage new construction and remodels which utilize designs and materials that reduce exposure to noise sources. N Policy 1.1.6: The City shall review proposed development to ensure the average ambient noise is as low as feasible to maintain the rural atmosphere. To implement these policies the City shall: N Implementation Measure 1: Adopt a noise control ordinance to minimize or eliminate unacceptable noise levels. N Implementation Measure 2: Limit maximum permissible noise levels from all sources, including but not limited to filming, motorized vehicles, construction, leaf blowers and other landscaping equipment. N Implementation Measure 3: Maintain the Building Code Sound Transmission Control Standards of the State Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Appendix 35 within the City's adopted Building Code. N Implementation Measure 4: Require acoustical studies for major commercial development projects, and impose noise mitigation measures accordingly. N Implementation Measure 5: Restrict the hours and days of construction, grading, and filming to reduce noise from this source. N Implementation Measure 6: Require an acoustical analysis as part of proposed development to ensure that noise mitigation is included in the project where activities associated with proposed uses are likely to produce noise levels exceeding the adopted City noise level standards, at existing or planned noise-sensitive uses, including but not limited to, residences, schools, hospitals, long term in-patient medical treatment and care facilities, churches and libraries, N Implementation Measure 7: Use site planning and project design as noise mitigations to achieve the specified standards for transportation or non-transportation sources. N Implementation Measure 8: Use open space, wherever practical, to provide an adequate spatial separator between noise sources and sensitive land uses. Use noise barriers as a supplemental means of achieving the . NOISE ELEMENT noise standards after all feasible design related noise mitigation measures have been integrated into the pro- ject. N Implementation Measure 9: Encourage Caltrans to fund only those re-pavement projects that utilize low-noise paving materials to minimize traffic noise. N Implementation Measure 10: Incorporate the consideration of noise impacts on significant wildlife habi- tats into the development review process. *1 NOISE ELEMENT 6.5 Appendix—Noise Element Maps and Figures Figure N-1: Common Noise Levels and Public Reactions Figure N-2: Noise and Land Use Compatibility guidelines Figure N-3: Noise Measurement Locations Figure N-4(A): Projected Future Peak Noise Figure N-4(B): Projected Future Peak Noise Figure N-4(C): Projected Future Peak Noise Figure N-4(D): Projected Future Peak Noise Figure 5a: Existing Roadway Noise Levels Index—Peak Traffic/Summer Months Figure 5b: Existing Roadway Noise Levels-Eastern Malibu-Peak Traffic/Summer Months Figure 5c: Existing Roadway Noise Levels Index—Central Malibu—Peak Traffic/Summer Months Figure 5d: Existing Roadway Noise Levels Index-Western Malibu-Peak Traffic/Summer Months NOISE LEVEL COMMON INDOOR COMMON OUTDOOR PUBLIC REACTION (dBA) NOISE LEVELS NOISE LEVELS Rock Band 110 Jet Flyover at 1,000 ft. 100 LOCAL COMMITTEE ACTIVITY-WITH traide Subway Train INFLUENTIAL OR LEGAL ACTION Gas Lawn Mower at 60 ft. LETTERS OF PROTEST 80 Diseal Truck at 60 ft. Food Blander at 3 ft. Sport Boats at 100 ft. Garbage Disposal at 3 ft. Noisy Urban Daytime COMPLAINTS LIKELY 80 Helicopters at 500 ft, Shouting at 3 ft. Leaf Blowers at 50 ft. COMPLAINTS POSSIBLE Helicopters at 1,000 ft. 70 Vectum Cleaner at 10 ft. Sport Boats at 1,000 ft. Normal Speech at 3 ft. Commercial Area COMPLAINTS RARE 60 Heavy Traffic at 300 ft. Large Business Office 60 Dishwasher Next Room Quiet Urban Daytime ACCEPTANCE 40 Small Theater Conference Quiet Urben Nighttime Room (Background) Quiet Suburban Nighttime Ubrary 30 Bedroom at Night Concert Hall (Background) Quiet Rural Nighttime 20 Broadcast and Recording Studio 10 Sources: Celtrane Naise Manual California State Department of Threshold of Hearing LEGEND COMMUNITY NOISE EXPOSURE L, OR CHEL, dB LAND USE CATEGORY 55 . 60 65 70 75 80 100 RESIDENTIAL - LOW DENSITY NORMALLY ACCEPTABLE SINGLE FAMILY, DUPLEX, MOBILE HOMES Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise RESIDENTIAL - MULTIFAMILY insulation requirements. ***** TRANSIENT LODGING MOTELS, HOTELS CONDITIONALLY ACCEPTABLE and the SCHOOLS, LIBRARIES, New construction or development should be under- CHURCHES, HOSPITALS, taken only after a detailed analysis of the noise NURSING HOMES reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation leatures included in the design. Conven- AUDITORIUMS, CONCERT tional construction, but with closed windows and HALLS, AMPHITHEATRES fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice. SPORTS ARENA, OUTDOOR SPECTATOR SPORTS PLAYGROUNDS, NORMALLY UNACCEPTABLE 800000 NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development GOLF COURSES, RIDING does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed STABLES, WATER RECREATION noise insulation features included in the design. CEMETERIES OFFICE BUILDINGS, BUSINESS COMMERÇIAL AND PROFESSIONAL CLEARLY UNACCEPTABLE INDUSTRIAL, MANUFACTURING Street and the second second New construction or development should generally UTILITIES, AGRICULTURE not be undertaken. CONSIDERATIONS IN DETERMINATION OF NOISE-COMPATIBLE LAND USE NORMALIZED HOISE EXPOSURE INFORMATION DESIRED A. residential uses located in Community Noise Exposure Areas greater than 65 dB should be discouraged and considered located within normally unacceptable Where sufficient data exists, evaluate land use suitability with respect to a areas. "normalized" value of CNEL or L., Normalized values are obtained by adding or subtracting the constants described in Table 1 to the measured or calculated C. SUITABLE INTERIOR ENVIRONMENTS value of CNEL or L_. One objective of locating residential units relative to a known noise source is to В. NOISE SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS maintain a suitable interior noise environment at no greater than 45 dB CNEL of L. This requirement, coupled with the measured or calculated noise reduction The land use-noise compatibility recommendations should be viewed in relation performance of the type of structure under consideration, should govern the muni- to the specific source of the noise. For example, aircraft and rairoad noise is mum acceptable distance to a noise source. normally made up of higher single noise events than auto traffic but occurs less frequently. Therefore, different sources yielding the same composte noise ο. ACCEPTABLE OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS exposure do not necessarily create the same noise environment. The State Aeronautics Act uses 65 dB CNEL as the criterion which airports must eventually Another consideration, which in some communities is an overrising factor, is the meet to protect existing residential communities from unaccorptable exposure to desire for an acceptable outdoor noise environment. When this is the case, more aircraft moise. In order to tacktate the purposes of the Act, one of which is to restrictive standards for land use compatibility, typically below the maximum con- encourage land uses compatible with the 65 dB CNEL criterion wherever sidered "normally acceptable" for that land use category, may be appropriate. possible, and in order to facilitate the ability of airports to comply with the Act. Source: California Department of Heatrs, Guidelines to: the Preparation and Content of Noise Elements of The General Plan, February, 1976 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGURE N-2 NOISE AND LAND USE COMPATIBILITY GUIDELINES NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGURE N - 3 DOULEVARD SCALE IN MILES Z ON (2) Senton Selection σ COAST SHE NO 0 OCEAN @(. ONDER MONACH YOUR S CHYS 4 3 OCKIN SICYMEN 6 1 DIPLACE TIVENOR O CIF HE STATE THE PARTY OF Lownson A dus. The state of the state of The state of SOURCE: HARLAND BARTHOLOMEW AND ASSOCIATES Ь COAST V. Burg OVOW) In The Acender ENCINAL B CITY LIMITS NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS of the same Ŏ° B3 530 PACIFIC N. W. Colle LEGEND CUH CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN FIGURE N-4(A) PROJECTED FUTURE PEAK NOISE CONTOURS - SECTION 1 9000 Scale in Feet 1000 Section See Section 2 FIGURE N-4(B) PROJECTED FUTURE PEAK NOISE CONTOURS - SECTION 2 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN See Section 1 N Section ŕ 3111 FIGURE N-4(C) PROJECTED FUTURE PEAK NOISE CONTOURS - SECTION 3 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN Section 11) PROJECTED FUTURE PEAK NOISE CONTOURS - SECTION 4 CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN Ì. ž. ly, ١ noitoe 4 4 1 Section , fi CITY 500 PACIFIC OCEAN SCALE SEMILES LEGEND CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS INDEX-Peak Traffic Summer MonthsFigure 5a ---- Mathu City Limbs Area Index Easiern Malibu - Figure 8b Central Mathu - Figure 6c Western Malibu - Figure 5d 39 CNEL - 763 ft.60 CHEL - 373 ft.85 CNEL - 184 ft. 85 CHEL - 2,618 R.80 CHEL - 1,128 R.85 CHEL - 427 R. CAMOS TUNA 65 CHEL - 804 N.80 CHEL - 402 N.65 CHEL - 197 N. 品 POCK. 1840H (ORE MEIFIG -HIGHWAY 90AS PACIFIC OCEAN 0.6 BCALS IN MILES LEGEND CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN ---- Malibu City Limits EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS-EASTERN MALIBUPeak/Summer Months Traffic Pacific Coast Highway ---Contour not visible at this scale--- 75 dBA contour line Figure 5b --- Contour not visible at this scale--- 70 dBA comour line → 65 dBA contour line -- 60 dBA contour line - 55 dBA comour line . 55 CHEL - 891 N.60 CHEL - 292 N. 85 CHEL - 629 R.60 CHEL - 311 N. 3 ANNON ATIGO DUM J CANYON DAINE JIGHWA IRI PACIFIC OCEAN SCALE IN MILES LEGEND CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN ----- Mathu City Limits EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS-CENTRAL MALIBUPeak/Summer Months Traffic Pacific Coast Highway -Contour not visible at this scale -- 75 dBA contour fine Figure 5c --- Contour not visible at this scale--- 70 dBA contour line -Contour not visible at this scale--- 65 dBA contour line ----- 60 dBA contour fine $5 dBA comour line 65 CHEL - 453 ft.60 CHEL - 222 ft. OAD 88 CHEL - 891 h.60 CHEL - 292 R. ENCINAL PACIFIC OCEAN 0.3 SCALE IN MILES LEGEND CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN ---- Malibu City Limita Pacific Coast Highway EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS-WESTERN MALIBUPeak/Summer Months Traffic -Contour not visible at this scale -- 75 dBA contour fine --- Contour not visible at this scale--- 70 dBA contour line Figure 5d --- Contour not visible at this scale --- 65 dBA contour fine ----- 60 dBA contour line 55 dBA contout line Q. × HOUSING ELEMENT CHAPTER 7.0 HOUSING ELEMENT* 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Overview 7.1.2 Strategic Goals 7.1.3 Purpose and Scope 7.2 Housing Needs Assessment 7.2.1 Population Characteristics 7.2.2 Income Characteristics 7.2.3 Employment Trends 7.2.4 Regional Housing Needs Assessment 7.2.5 Malibu Housing Profile 7.2.6 Housing Costs 7.2.7 Special Needs 7.2.8 Constraints 7.2.9 Assessment of Land Suitable for Residential Development or Redevelopment 7.2.10 Non-Governmental Constraints 7.2.11 Inventory of Governmental Constraints 7.2.12 Energy Conservation 7.3 General Plan Consistency 7.3.1 Purpose and Scope 7.3.2 Goals and Policies 7.4 Evaluation of the Previous Housing Element 7.4.1 Purpose and Scope 7.4.2 Housing Element Programs and Achievements 7.5 Efforts to Achieve Public Participation 7.5.1 Purpose 7.5.2 Encouragement of Public Participation 7.6 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Implementation Measures 7.6.1 Overview 7.6.2 H GOAL: ADEQUATE HOUSING FOR EXISTING AND PROJECTED NEEDS OF ALL ECONOMIC SEGMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY 7.6.3 Quantified Objectives 1998-2005 7.6.4 Housing Element Appendices Editor's note: This Housing Element of the General Plan of the City of Malibu was amended in its entirety by Resolution 01-02, adopted Feb- * ruary 12, 2001. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Overview The Housing Element of the General Plan is a comprehensive statement by the City of Malibu of its current and future housing needs and proposed actions to facilitate the provision of housing to meet those needs at all income levels. The policies contained in this Element are an expression of the statewide housing goal of "attaining decent housing and a suitable living environment for every California family," as well as a reflec- tion of the unique concerns of the community. The purpose of the Housing Element is to establish specific goals, policies and objectives relative to the provision of housing, and to adopt an action plan toward this end. In addition, the Element identifies and analyzes housing needs, and resources and constraints to meet- ing these needs. 7.1.2 Strategic Goals The Malibu Housing Element is based on five strategic goals: ۰ Assuring adequate housing opportunities for current and future residents; Assuring equal housing opportunities; ۰ Creating additional affordable housing opportunities; No net loss of affordable housing; and Addressing housing needs regionally. 7.1.3 Purpose and Scope In accordance with State law, the Housing Element is to be consistent and compatible with other General Plan Elements. Additionally, Housing Elements are to provide clear policy and direction for making deci- sions that pertain to zoning, subdivision approval, housing allocations, and capital improvements. State law (Government Code Sections 65580 through 65589) mandates the contents of the Housing Element. By law, the Housing Element must contain: 1. An assessment of housing needs and an inventory of resources and constraints relevant to meeting those needs; 2. A statement of the community's goals, quantified objectives, and policies relevant to the maintenance, improvement and development of housing; and 3. A program, that sets forth a five-year schedule of actions that the local government is undertaking or intends to undertake to implement the policies and achieve the goals and objectives of the Housing Element. The housing program must also identify adequate residential sites available for a variety of housing types for all income levels; assist in developing adequate housing to meet the needs of low- and moderate-income households; address governmental constraints to housing maintenance, improvement, and development; conserve and improve the condition of the existing affordable housing stock; and promote housing opportu- nities for all persons. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.2 Housing Needs Assessment 7.2.1 Population Characteristics Population The City of Malibu was incorporated approximately one year after the 1990 Census, conducted in April of 1990. At the time of the Census, the areas comprising Malibu were not reported on separately by the Census Bureau as "census designated places (CDP)," with the exception of the Point Dume CDP. The four census tracts that comprise the City of Malibu (8004.01, 8004.02, 8005.01, and 8005.02) also include extensive ar- eas outside the City limits, as do most of the census block groups within each of these tracts. As a result, Census information by tract or block group may not accurately reflect the characteristics of the geographic area that comprises the City. The 1990 census tracts were created by the subdivision of 1980 census tracts 8004 and 8005, which included the area now comprising the City of Malibu. To obtain estimates of the number of dwelling units and popu- lation, the Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning overlaid the City boundary upon the 1990 Census tract and block boundaries. Block level data was used to isolate housing counts between the City and unincorporated areas. To determine demographic trends, the percentage of dwelling units and population located within Malibu was used as the base percentage for all other statistics. Table 1 shows each census tract's population for the City and unincorporated areas. Table 1 1990 Population Census Tract Unincorporated City Total Percent 8004.01 597 2,201 2,798 21.3% 8004.02 7,125 1,000 8,125 87.7% 8005.01 1,410 2,245 3,655 38.6% 8005.02 1,984 807 2,791 71.1% Total 11,116 6,253 17,369 64.0% Sources: 1990 U.S. Census Tracts According to the California Department of Finance, the population growth rate in Malibu between 1992 (the first year after incorporation) and January 1, 2000 was nine percent, increasing from 12,164 to 13,324. This was similar to Los Angeles County's growth rate of eight percent. In 1993, two years after incorporation, the rate of growth dropped four percent but picked back up in 1995 to one percent. The population of the City of Malibu is growing, but at a rate of about two percent annually. The data suggests that the growth rate is ris- ing slightly, but will likely remain near two percent as the City reaches build out. Households Between 1992 and January 1, 2000, the number of persons living in households increased from 12,062 to 13,222, or nine percent. During this same time the number of persons in households in the County increased from 8,942,706 to 9,709,283, or eight percent. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Growth Forecast (Table 2) predicts that, by 2020, the total number of households is expected to grow to 9,730. Household formation has been HOUSING ELEMENT about the same as population growth, indicating that the average household size has increased (from 2.387 to 2.525 according to the California Department of Finance). According to the SCAG projections, the City of Malibu will see a 29 percent increase in population and a 32 percent increase in the number of households by 2020. Table 2 The City of Malibu SCAG Projections Population Percent Change Households Percent Change 1994 18,008 6,661 2000 19,438 7% 6,704 <1% 2005 20,811 7% 7,157 6% 2010 22,343 7% 7,995 10% 2015 23,657 6% 8,753 9% 2020 25,440 7% 9,730 10% Sources: SCAG Projections At the time of the 1990 Census, 4,147 of 6,500 total households (64 percent) were family households com- prised of related individuals. About two-thirds of all households (63 percent) consisted of one or two indi- viduals. The large number of non-family households further illustrates the reasons for the smaller average household size in Malibu. Table 3 compares average household sizes in Malibu, neighboring cities, the re- gion, and the state. Table 3 Average Household Sizes (2000) Malibu Arcadia Pasadena Los Angeles L.A. County California Average Household 2.5 2.8 2.7 3 3.1 2.9 Size Source: California Department of Finance Of the 4,147 families reported living in the Malibu area in 1990, over three-fourths (86 percent) were mar- ried-couple families, nine percent were single-female families and five percent were single-male families. Ethnicity Malibu is not as ethnically diverse a community as other cities in Los Angeles County or as the state as a whole. While persons of Hispanic origin comprise over one-third of the countywide population and over one-fourth of the statewide population, such individuals comprise less than ten percent of the City's popula- tion. Similarly, Blacks, persons of Asian origin, and other minority groups that represent large segments of the countywide and statewide populations comprise five percent or less each of the city's population. Table 4 compares ethnicity on a citywide, countywide, and statewide basis. \tilde{x}^{i} HOUSING ELEMENT Table 4 Comparison of Race by City, County and State Population City County State White 87% 69% 69% Black 2% 17% 17% Asian/Pacific Islander 4% 10% 10% Other <1% 13% 13% Hispanic 7% 25% 25% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Age Table 5 compares the age distribution as reported by the Census Bureau in 1990. Persons 65 years and older made up the smallest percentage (11 percent) of people in the City. Persons between the ages of 30-49 made up the highest percentage (34 percent) of people followed by persons 18-29 (22 percent). The County had about the same percentages of young adults between the ages of 18-29 (30 percent) and a lower percentage of adults between the ages of 50-64 (12 percent). The smallest percentage of persons was 65 years and over (11 percent). Table 5 Age Distribution (percent) Malibu Arcadia Pasadena Los Angeles L.A. County California 0 - 17 22% 15% 22% 25% 26% 26% 18-64 74% 62% 65% 65% 64% 63% 65 + 11% 16% 13% 10% 10% 11% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Household Type and Composition The characteristics of the City's household population can be further evaluated by examining household size, composition, age, and other relevant factors. Of the 6,500 households in the Malibu area in 1990, Table 6 shows that the highest percentage of households were two-person households (38 percent), similar to that of the County (28 percent). Countywide, the percentages of single-person and three-person households were the same as in Malibu, while the percentage of households with four or more persons was lower in Malibu than countywide. This distribution of households by size is consistent with the assumption that the City houses more young to middle-aged small families and adults without children but few large families. The lower proportion of older adults in the city than countywide is also a factor in the household distribution, as older adults tend to comprise mostly single-person or two-person households. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 6 Number of Persons in Household Number of Persons City County 25% 25% 1 2 38% 28% 3 16% 16% 4 13% 14% 5 6% 8% 6 1% 4% 7+ 1% 5% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau In addition to the number of people per household, there are different types of households based on gender and marital status. The 1990 Census reported that over half (55 percent) of all households in the City were married-couple households, a substantially higher percentage than countywide (Table 7). The percent of the population within each household type reported in Table 8 varies in the City and countywide. Most people lived within family households, although there were higher percentages of spouses and householders in fam- ily households in the City than in the county, suggesting more single-parent households countywide. Coun- tywide, family households had slightly higher percentages of children than in the City. Table 7 Household Composition by Type (1990) City County Couples w/Children 21% 26% Single Parents 4% 9% Families, No Children 39% 33% Non-Family Household 36% 32% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Table 8 Household Composition by Type (1990) Household Type Number of Households Percent of People City County City County In Family Households Householder 4,147 24% 2,036,104 23% Spouse 3,583 21% 1,491,209 17% Born to and adopted children 3,040 2,646,242 17% 30% Step children 79 117,279 <1% 1% Grandchildren 50 183,169 <1% 2% Other relatives HOUSING ELEMENT 321 In Non-Eamity Households Male householder living alone 839 328,640 500 700 Male householder not living alone 453 133,473 20.0 3"0 791 Female householder living alone 413.849 58% 5% Female householder not living alone 270 82,277 20,0 0 0 Non-relatives 987 291.904 30% 600 In Group Quarters Institutionalized persons 3.58 93.343 20,0 100 Other persons in group quarters 1.526 000 71,872 0.0 Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau ercent or more of the Los Angeles County median income. Because Census information used for MIDD between pattern Pastern Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Repair Re Malibu may not completely reflect household to properties Yutages County the dial formers, about nine per- cent of City residents lived in group quarters. This percentage undoubtedly reflects student housing at Pepperdine University, which is just outside the Mallbut City limits but within one of the census tracts comprising th ing the City. centages of median income for each income level are shown below: Income Characteristics 7.2.2 us, a "low-income" household of four has a higher income than a According to the 1990 Census, the medianpopulation of the logical participation of the logical participation of the logical participation of the logical participation of the logical participation of the logical participat county median of $34,965. However, restoration of the county median of $34,965. However, restoration of the county median of $34,965. In 1989, about five percent of the population describes are premared as a love-income is how theorem. to neighboring cities in the region. Of the individuals in households with incomes below the poverty level. three percent were senior citizens, seven percent were adults between the ages of 18-64, and three percent were adults person the ages of 18-64, and three percent were adults person the ages of 18-64. were children under the age of 17. re individuals in households with incomes below the poverty level, In evaluating income levels, four standulum pagemes polom the boneth peneltment is the combined "moderate-income," and "above modersidents of Malibu-had a wide range of incomess as shown մու Պանիе 9, the area median income (the midpoint attauhumsehole jucomesily/humensessessessessessessessessessessessesse usually adjusted for household size. Thus, a "tow-invome" household of four has a higher income than a "low-income" household of two. The percentages of median meaning for each income level are shown below: "fers. This percentage undoubtedly reflects student housing at Pep-ics of the malibu City limits but within one of the census tracts compris-income. DEFINITIONS "Low-income, = 21 beaceut to 80 behold composition. According to the 1990 Census, about nine per- "Moderate-income" = 81 beaceut totallibu comprises at larger anea, the statistics tused to characterize "Above moderate-income" = 121 percent or more of the Los Angeles County median income. 1.526 71.872 90% HOUSING ELEMENT Table 9 1989 Household Income Income Number of Households Less than $5,000 149 $5,000 - $9,999 172 $10,000 - $12,499 89 $12,500 - $14,999 103 $15,000 - $17,499 153 $17,500 - $19,999 85 $20,000 - $22,499 182 $22,500 - $24,999 62 $25,000 - $27,499 131 $27,500 - $29,999 119 $30,000 - $32,499 125 $32,500 - $34,999 111 $35,000 - $37,499 171 $37,500 - $39,999 71 $40,000 - $42,499 147 $42,500 - $44,999 88 $45,000 - $47,499 112 $47,500 - $49,999 37 $50,000 - $54,999 203 $55,000 - $59,999 172 $60,000 - $74,999 565 $75,000 - $99,999 759 $100,000 - $124,999 740 $125,000 - $149,999 353 $150,000 or more 1,601 Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau In a normally distributed population (that is, one not skewed to either end of the income scale), approxi- mately 40 percent of the population will have incomes within the very low- and low-income ranges, about 20 percent within the moderate-income range, and about 40 percent in the above moderate-income range. Malibu has a larger relative percentage of above moderate-income households and a smaller percentage of low-income households in relation to the countywide income distribution. Table 10 shows the number of residents in each income group in 1990. Three-fourths (71 percent) of Malibu residents had above moderate- incomes in 1990, while less than one-fourth (17 percent) had very low- or low-incomes. Although there has been no update of a citywide census since 1990, economic trends, such as rising home prices, suggest that households who have moved to Malibu since 1990 have higher average incomes than current residents. If the 2000 Census confirms this hypothesis, then the gap between countywide incomes among Malibu residents has widened further. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 10 1989 Household Income per Income Category Number of Households Income Category Income Range (approximately) Very Low Income $0-$17,483 666 Low Income $17,484-$27,972 460 Moderate Income $27,973-$41,958 744 Above Moderate Income $41,959+ 4,630 Median Income: $34,965 Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Low-income limits for households in 2000 are shown in Table 11. An income below $29,200 for a single person was considered low-income according to Housing Urban Development. An income of $55,000 for an eight-person household was also considered low-income. The median income level for a four-person house- hold was approximately $52,100. Table 11 Income Limits (2000) Extremely Low Income Very Low Income Low Income Household Size (30% of Median) (50% of Median) (80% of Median) 1 Person $10,950 $18,250 $29,200 2 Persons $12,500 $20,850 $33,350 3 Persons $14,050 $23,450 $37,500 4 Persons $15,650 $26,050 $41,700 5 Persons $16,900 $28,150 $45,000 6 Persons $18,150 $30,200 $48,350 7 Persons $19,400 $32,300 $51,700 8 Persons $20,650 $34,400 $55,000 Source: HUD 2000 Income Guidelines Poverty The poverty rate is a federally defined level of income for minimum subsistence. The dollar threshold for poverty is adjusted for household size and composition. Table 12 provides 1999 poverty thresholds for sev- eral types of households. Table 12 Poverty Thresholds (1999) Single Person 65+ $7,990 Two Adults. One Child $13,410 Single Person Under 65 $8,667 One Adult, Three Children $16,954 Two Persons 65+ $10,070 Two Adults, Two Children $16,895 Two Persons Under 65 $11,156 One Adult. Four Children $19,578 One Adult, Two Children $13,423 Two Adults, Three Children $19,882 Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau HOUSING ELEMENT According to the 1990 Census data, approximately six percent of the City's population had incomes below the federally defined poverty level. Groups most likely to have poverty level incomes are families with chil- dren (particularly single mothers) and the elderly. Of those below the poverty level, Native American were the highest group (35 percent) and Hispanics were the second highest (21 percent). The ethnic composition of people below the poverty level is not similar to the ethnic composition of the City as a whole, as higher proportions of Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans are impoverished. The highest number of impover- ished Whites, Blacks, Asian/Pacific Islanders and Others were adults age 18-64. Female householders repre- sent three percent of the families below the poverty level. By comparison, 15 percent of the County's population was below the poverty level. About 40 percent of the impoverished were White, compared to a total White population of 57 percent. Asian/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprised about the same percentages of impoverished individuals as their representation in the total population (ten percent and less than one percent respectively). Although Blacks comprised 11 percent of the total population, they represented 16 percent of the impoverished. Likewise, other ethnicities represented 21 percent of the total population, but 34 percent of all impoverished persons in the County. Census data for the State revealed that approximately 18 percent of the total population was below the pov- erty level. Nearly two-thirds of those below the poverty level (64 percent) were White, 17 percent Other, 11 percent Black, seven percent Asian/Pacific Islander, and one percent Native American. Blacks and Others in the State represented a higher percentage of people below the poverty level than Whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Table 13 Poverty Rates Group Above Poverty Level Below Poverty Level Poverty Rate Elderly 2,172 61 3% Non-Elderly 12,507 822 6% Single Mother Families 247 7 3% Non-Single Mother Families 2,007 51 3% Children 2,203 74 3% Adults 10,304 748 7% Black 172 13 7% Asian/Pacific Islander 488 45 8% Hispanic 741 194 21% Native American 28 15 35% Other 140 16 10% White 13,851 794 5% Total Population* 14,679 HOUSING ELEMENT projections based on 1990 Census information. Since Malibu wasn't incorporated at the time of the 1990 Census, SCAG was not able to provide employment projections specifically for the City. However, SCAG was able to make projections based on the four 1990 census tracts that comprise the City. SCAG's Employ- ment Projections indicated an employment increase from 8,953 in 1994 to 10,259 in 2000 or 13 percent. Over the next 20 years employment in Malibu will increase from 10,259 in 2000 to 11,382 in 2020, a rate of three percent annually. The 1990 Census data shows that most residents were employed in managerial and professional specialty occupations (44 percent of employed residents). Other common occupations included sales occupations (16 percent) and administrative support (14 percent). According to the State Employment Development Department's (EDD) 1995-2002 projections for Los An- geles County, the largest occupations in the County are general management, general office clerks, and retail sales. Approximately 330,440 people were employed in these occupations in 1995, with a projected growth in 2002 to 362,140. The fastest growing occupations in the County between 1995 and 2002 are expected to be textile workers (72 percent growth), manicurists (66 percent), and data processors (55 percent). These countywide trends may not have great applicability to the City of Malibu, the employment base of which is more dependent on retail, lodging, and service businesses for local residents and visitors to beach areas. Conversely, most of Malibu's employed residents are adult professionals who do not work in local busi- nesses. In analyzing employment between the City and County, it is important to examine educational attainment levels, disabilities within the population, and numbers of persons receiving public assistance. Table 14 shows that over three-fourths of the adults (83 percent) in the City attained additional education after high school, well above the County's 49 percent. Less than one-tenth (five percent) of the adults in Malibu had less than a high school education, compared to approximately 30 percent of adults throughout the county. The unemployment rate for Malibu is not available however; it is safe to assume that with the highly edu- cated population and the high income level that there is in fact a low unemployment rate. Table 14 Educational Attainment Education Level City Population % of Population County Population % of Population Less than 9th Grade 182 1% 853,988 16% 9th to 12th Grade 601 4% 788,825 14% (No Diploma) High School Graduate 1,783 12% 1,134,608 21% (or GED) Some College 4,685 32% 1,077,427 20% (No Degree) Associate Degree 909 6% 402,932 7% Bachelor's Degree 3,605 25% 793,556 14% Graduate or 2,928 20% 429,886 8% Professional Degree Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau: Educational Attainment for persons 18 years and over. HOUSING ELEMENT Few Malibu residents received public assistance in 1990 and were not part of the labor force. In the City of Malibu, 134 households (2 percent) received public assistance in 1989, according to the 1990 Census. Com- paratively, 294,826 households (10 percent) in the County received public assistance in 1989. 7.2.4 Regional Housing Needs Assessment The State Housing Law requires SCAG to identify existing and future housing needs for the region every five years. The 1998 Regional Housing Needs Assessments (RHNA) identifies each jurisdiction's existing housing need, as of January 1, 1998, and future housing need for the January 1, 1998 to June 30, 2005 pe- riod. Existing need is evaluated based on overpayment by lower income households (SCAG has used the figure 30 percent or more of income) and the need to raise vacancy rates in the jurisdiction to a level at which the market would operate freely. SCAG's methodology used to determine future need took into consideration the growth in number of house- holds expected, the need to achieve ideal vacancy rates, and compensation for anticipated demolition. Then an "avoidance of impaction" adjustment was done. This is done to avoid further concentration of low- income units in jurisdictions that have more than the regional average. The City must use the numbers allocated under the RHNA to identify measures (policies and ordinances) that are consistent with meeting these new construction goals. They are not meant to be a quota for devel- opment. In other words, the City must make it possible for units to be built but is not obligated to build any of the units. According to the RHNA, the City of Malibu has a total housing construction need of 14 units and an annual need of two units. Malibu's 1998-2005 planning period allocation is shown in Table 15. Since Malibu's new housing construction need is so low, the City only needs to identify a few sites suitable for residential devel- opment to accommodate its share of the region's housing construction need between 1998 and 2000. Build- ing permit records maintained by the City indicate that the City has already exceeded its 14-unit share of the region's housing construction need by October 2000, but none of these dwelling units were affordable to low- or moderate-income households. Table 15 Malibu's 1998-2005 Regional Housing Needs Assessment 17% 2 Very Low-Income: Household income is less than 50% of the county median income. Household income is between 51% and 80% of the county median 12% 2 Low-Income: income. Household income is between 81% and 120% of the county 2 14% Moderate-Income: median income. Household income is greater than 120% of the county median HOUSING ELEMENT 7.2.5 Malibu Housing Profile According to the California Department of Finance, approximately 1,057 housing units were vacant as of January 1, 2000, a vacancy rate of 16 percent. By comparison, the countywide vacancy rate was five per- cent. The proportion of different types of housing countywide remained fairly constant between 1990 and 2000-48 percent single detached houses, 35 percent multiples of five or more units, nine percent multiples of two to four units, seven percent single attached houses, and two percent mobile homes. Over two-thirds of the City's housing units were single-family detached homes (61 percent), followed by multiple units of five or more (12 percent), mobile homes (11 percent), single-family attached units (nine percent), and multiple units of two to four (seven percent). Countywide, there is a substantially higher percentage of housing units in multifamily buildings of five or more units and a substantially lower percentage of single-family homes than in Malibu. A notable characteristic of the City's housing stock is the high percentage of mobile homes (11 percent). Mobile homes represent one of the few "affordable" housing resources in Malibu in that the cost to purchase a home and rent a space is still within the financial means of some moderate-income households. In addition, existing mobile homes represent an important housing resource for low- and moderate-income occupants who have lived in these homes for many years, prior to the run-up in housing costs. Annual changes in the housing stock varied, with some years resulting in a majority of single-family units and other years resulting in a majority of larger multifamily complexes. Still other years, notably 1992 and 1994, resulted in no growth and even some losses in total units. Tables 16 and 17 show the annual changes in the housing stock between January 1992 and January 2000 as determined by the California Department of Finance. Table 16 Housing Estimates for the City of Malibu (1992 through 2000) Housing Units Single Multiple Mobile Persons Per Year Total % Vacant Occupied Detached Attached 2 to 4 5 Plus Homes Household 1992 6,074 3,740 554 437 656 687 5,054 16.79 2.387 1993 6,217 3,841 439 554 696 687 5,173 16.79 2.400 1994 5,949 3,596 554 429 683 687 4,950 16.79 2.415 1995 5,978 3,615 554 429 693 687 4,974 16.79 2.407 1996 6,008 3,645 554 429 693 687 4,999 16.79 2.416 1997 6,081 3,714 554 433 693 687 5,060 16.79 2.437 1998 6,145 3,752 459 693 554 687 5,113 16.79 2.461 1999 6,181 3,772 554 470 698 687 5,143 16.79 2.489 2000 6,294 3.856 HOUSING ELEMENT Table 17 Housing Estimates for the County of Los Angeles (1992 through 2000) Housing Units Single Multiple Mobile Persons Per Year Total Occupied % Vacant Detached Attached 2 to 4 5 Plus Homes Household 1992 3,207,064 1,552,149 209,806 283,344 1,105,930 55,835 3,030,855 5.5 2.9 1993 3,220,587 1,557,643 210,850 284,201 1,112,200 55,693 3,043,212 5.5 3.0 1994 3,228,941 1,561,809 211,199 284,976 1,115,195 55,762 3,050,136 5.5 3.0 1995 3,236,015 1,565,604 211,735 285,253 1,117,748 55.675 3,056,633 5.5 3.0 1996 3,240,625 1,569,180 211,833 285,540 1,118,397 55.675 3,060,760 5.5 3.0 1997 3,247,140 1,573,157 212,004 285,978 1,120,323 55.678 3,067,181 5.5 3.0 1998 3,254,772 1,578,157 212,114 286,193 1,122,604 55,704 3,074,546 5.5 3.0 1999 3.261,750 1,583,123 211,800 286,379 1,124,742 55,706 3,082,136 5.5 3.1 2000 3,272,169 1,588,957 211,948 286,883 1,128,591 55,790 3,091,963 5.5 3.1 Source: California Department of Finance, 1992—2000 City/County Population and Housing Estimates. Housing Occupancy and Tenure Of the 7,543 year-round dwelling units reported by the Census Bureau in 1990, 6,408 units (85 percent) were occupied and 1,135 units (15 percent) were vacant. Most of the vacant units were seasonal units due to Malibu's status as a beach community, as shown in Table 18. In 1990, more housing units were owner- occupied (4,769 or 72 percent) than renter-occupied (1,865 or 28 percent). By comparison, the tenure of oc- cupied housing units in the County was 48 percent owner-occupied units and 52 percent for renter-occupied units. Table 18 Type of Vacant Units in Malibu (1990) Number of Units Number of Units Percent of City Percent of County Unit in City in County Vacant Units Vacant Units For Rent 206 96,465 18% 56% For Sale Only 200 27,721 18% 16% Rented or Sold 79 18,515 7% 11% (not occupied) Seasonal Use 395 6,430 35% 3% Other Vacant HOUSING ELEMENT Table 19 Tenure by Ethnicity and Hispanic Origin (1990) Group Percent City County Percent Owner-Occupied Units White 4,512 95% 903,563 63% Black 12 <1% 9% 125,578 Native American 0 0 4,089 <1% 2% Asian/Pacific Islander 115 10% 138,906 8 Others <1% 1,747 <1% 122 3% Hispanic Origin 19% 266,981 Renter-Occupied Units White 1,662 89% 692,834 45% Black 44 2% 216,051 14% Native American 12 <1% 6,848 <1% Asian/Pacific Islander 31 2% 8% 129,590 12 <1% Others 2,888 <1% Hispanic Origin 104 6% 500,477 32% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Ownership rates listed in Table 20 reveal that with the exception of Whites, Hispanics, and Asian Pacific Islander there were more renters in each ethnic group than owners. This suggests that with the high price of homes in Malibu, many people had difficulty becoming homeowners due to their relatively lower incomes. Native Americans comprise the highest percent of renters (although there were very few such households in the City in 1990), followed by Blacks and "Other." Table 20 Home Ownership Rates Race Owners Renters Ownership Rate Rental Rate White 4,512 1,662 73% 27% Black 12 44 21% 79% Native American 0 12 0% 100% Asian/Pacific Islander 115 31 79% 21% 8 Other 12 40% 60% 122 Hispanic Origin 104 54% 46% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Analysis of the 1990 Census data on tenure by age in Malibu reveals that adults aged 35 to 64 tended to own their housing units rather than rent, while younger adults and elderly mostly rented rather than owned their homes. There are only a few, small housing developments in Malibu oriented specifically to seniors, so sen- iors who are unable to afford, or physically unable to live independently in conventional housing, have few housing choices in Malibu (for further discussion regarding senior housing needs, see the Special Needs sec- tion of the Housing Element). HOUSING ELEMENT Of all occupied housing in 1990, the highest number of homes, 1,128 units (24 percent), were owned by per- sons ages 45 to 54, followed by 1,096 units (24 percent) owned by persons age 35 to 44, and 956 (21 per- cent) owned by persons ages 55 to 64. Only 30 units (less than one percent) were owned by persons ages 15 to 24 (Table 21). Comparatively, 33 percent of renters were ages 35 to 44 (583 units), 32 percent were ages 25 to 34 (570 units), 16 percent were ages 45 to 54 (276 units). Persons below the age of 24 account for nine percent (152 units). Table 21 Tenure by Age of Householder (1990) Age City Percent County Percent Owner-Occupied Units 15 to 24 30 <1% 13,242 1% 25 to 34 313 7% 191,843 13% 35 to 44 1,096 24% 331,573 23% 45 to 54 1,128 24% 294,921 20% 55 to 64 956 21% 258,158 18% 65 to 74 761 16% 217,255 15% 75 and over 363 8% 133,872 9% Renter-Occupied Units 15 to 24 152 9% 143,396 9% 25 to 34 570 32% 521,625 34% 35 to 44 583 33% 369,562 24% 45 to 54 276 16% 191,713 12% 55 to 64 134 8% 126,930 8% 65 to 74 14 <1% 103,477 7% 75 and over 32 2% 91,985 6% Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau. 7.2.6 Housing Costs Rental Rates Housing prices are higher in the city of Malibu than in many nearby communities due to the City's favorable location on the coast, limited development opportunities, and the high cost of developing land in most of the City (due to environmental conditions). Higher housing costs are consistent with a population of substan- tially more upper-income residents. There are very few apartments in the City, and turnover in the rental housing market is low. Table 22 shows listing from local Malibu newspapers. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 22 Rental Rates in Malibu (2000) Name/Type 1 Bed 2 Bed 3 Bed 4 Bed Apartments Studio $1,000 Guest House $1,250 _ - Room for Rent $900 _ Apartment from The Malibu Times $3,500 Homes, Condominiums, and 4-Plexes Home $4,500 $8,500 Condominium $3,000 $2,900 $2,600 4-Plex - _ Source: Malibu Times, Malibu Surfside News and L.A. Times There are two mobile home parks in Malibu: Point Dume and Paradise Cove. Point Dume is a gated com- munity with a swimming pool, tennis court and offers single-wide, double-wide and even some triple-wide spaces. Paradise Cove offers single-wide and double-wide spaces only. Rental prices average from $285 to $1,200 a month. The average monthly rent is $600. Table 23 lists the number of spaces and the average monthly rent for each of these mobile home parks. Table 23 Mobile Home Park Space Rental Rates Name Total Spaces Average Monthly Rent Point Dume Park 300 $1,200 Paradise Cove 250 $600 Source: Point Dume Mobile Home Park and Paradise Cove Mobile Home Park Home Prices Table 24 lists prices of homes for sale as of October 1, 2000. The listing comes from The Los Angeles Times. The highest percentage of homes comprised three bedrooms (40 percent), single-family units, fol- lowed by two-bedroom (29 percent) single-family units. There were fewer listings for multifamily homes/condominiums in Malibu. The California Association of Realtors lists Malibu as one of the 10 cities with the highest median home prices in California during July 2000. The median housing price as of August 2000 was $800,000 for the City and $205,000 for the County. These rates increased in the City by approxi- mately 21.2% within the last year. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 24 Home Prices in Malibu (2000) Units Sold Bedrooms Median Average Range % of Total Single-Family Homes $215,000--- 1 32 $340,000 $541,421 6% $1,600,000 $145,500- 2 149 $436,136 $624,776 29% $4,700,000 $95,000--- 3 202 $881,372 $735,000 40% $3,500,000 $330,000- 4 100 $880,000 $1,175,005 20% $4,790,000 $45,000- 5+ 28 $1,600,000 $1,478,785 5% $3,425,000 Total 511 100% Multifamily Homes/Condominiums $215,000- 1 23 $300,000 $335,347 15% $975,000 $160,000- 2 95 $401,817 $325,000 62% $1,250,000 $120,500- 3 36 $318,000 $351,215 23% $680,000 4+ --- _ _ Total 154 100% Table 25 compares new home prices in the County to other counties in the region. Table 25 Comparative Average New Home Prices (1999) County Average Price San Diego $260,000 Ventura $347,000 Orange $318,000 Los Angeles $266,000 Riverside $195,500 $177,000 San Bernardino Source: Inland Empire Quarterly Report, October 1999 Affordability As stated previously, there are four income categories typically used for comparative purposes based on the median countywide income: very low-income (0-50 percent of median income), low-income (50-80 per- cent of median income), moderate-income (80-120 percent of median income) and above moderate-income HOUSING ELEMENT (120 percent or more of median income). One method of analyzing housing affordability for each income group is to compare the number and/or percent of housing units by cost to the number and/or percent of households by comparable income levels. A standard measure of housing affordability is that housing expenses on the average should not exceed 30 percent of a household's income. Those who pay 30 percent or more of their income on housing may experi- ence difficulty in affording other basic necessities. However, to truly evaluate housing affordability, individ- ual circumstances and factors must be taken into account. These circumstances and other factors include other long-term debt, mortgage interest rates, the number of children in a household, and other large, ongo- ing expenses (such as medical bills). Since it is impossible to consider each household's individual circum- stances, the 30 percent rule-of-thumb provides a general measure of housing affordability for the average household. This is the measure used by most governmental agencies in defining overpayment. Based on the County median income (1990) of $34,965, a low-income household in 1990 was one that earned up to $27,972 annually, and very low-income households earned up to $17,483 annually. The HUD low-income level for a family of four in 1990 was approximately $25,000. The HUD estimated median in- come for Los Angeles County as of March 2000 is $52,100. Approximately 15 percent of the City's households had incomes less than $25,000/year, versus approxi- mately 35.5 percent for Los Angeles County as a whole. According to the 1990 Census, just over one-third of Malibu renters spent more than 30 percent of their gross income on housing, while over one-fourth of owners spent more than 30 percent of their income on housing. Households that pay a disproportionate amount of their incomes for housing, especially low-income households, have less money to spend on other essentials, such as food, clothing, and medical care. Table 26 shows that the majority of low- and very low- income renters and owners pay over 30 percent of their incomes on housing. Therefore, housing afforda- bility for lower income households, particularly renter households, is a significant issue in Malibu. Table 27 shows the number of households paying over 30 percent of their incomes on housing. Approximately 72 percent of very low-income households spend over 30 percent of their incomes on housing and 64 percent of low-income households spend over 30 percent of their incomes on housing. However, only 1,103 house- holds were low-income or very low-income in 1990, which is only 17 percent of the City's households. Some households choose to pay over 30 percent of their income for various reasons, such as location, aes- thetics, or other features. Other households choose to pay larger percentages of their income on housing be- cause they may receive tax advantages, or are investing with the knowledge that their income will increase so that they pay a lower percentage of their income on a long-term basis. In contrast, most households are forced to pay a large percentage of their income because they cannot find suitable lower-cost housing. Table 26 Households Overpaying 1990 Number Percent of Total 1,253 Owner 27% HOUSING I LEMENT Ta337 27 Number of Low-Income Households Paying Over 30 Percent of Income on Housing Incoercof dwelling units affordable to a low-income level does not mean that those units are actually occupied by that income group. ny income levels will often compete for housing in the same price range, so the existence of a Act Pow roups is cumulative and includes the percentage from the presions income group. Also house- Tow-luckills important to note that the percentage of apartments affordable within the low- and moder- Sonice: 1880 Censity Britant parts mate of the number of affordable rental units at each income level based on 1990 LOFF LOFF TO THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY OF THE PROPERTY Note: 1990 (police Bureau Data inclue tables that do not some should exist by to be income out chin the 2,253 fore, there are people 79% 50% 2200 55% 36% 1,005 likewise between 5%-incour than are actually in those catevor 0% 7% 800 248 Owners The City's muores initicago source of all 88 lable housing is mobile hopers in mobile game parks. I 883 ity's mobile home parks proggle a resource 2000 household 180 fim ted a 180 income 080 five. The 2830 has adopted a movile nome of the rent stabilitation ordinates to ensure the mobile hone, continue to grovide affordable housing opportunities. Further analysis goutousing expenditures as a percent of income show that most low-income the median-inchmes 19,999 notes 1834,999 eretur $49,999 of their incomes of Households ble 28). Renfers with m210,000 to hour oral the majority of people earning $50,000 or more paid less than 25 percent of their meome on housing regardless of whether they cented or on a Housing Expenditure Rate per Income Group FaBle 28 Jed Leuted of Own Educing Expenditure Rate per Income Group Deople earning $50,000 or more paid less than 25 percent of their income on housing regardless Incomerces with mechae below $59:000 tend to paying higher percentage of their income on housing. The come and median-income horneowers pay-135, percent or money of their incomes on housing (La- ousing opportunities. Further analysis of housing expenditures as a percent of income show that 30%-34 obile home park rent stabilization ordinance to ensure that mobile homes continue to provide 32%+e parks provide a resource for households on limited or fixed incomes to live. The Gity has Lotal Honzerost significant source of affordable housing is mobile homes in mobile home parks. The City's Owners ween the very low- and low-income categories. The numbers in the table include more persons ally in those categories. 32%+ re people in the low-income category that actually fall into the moderate-income category and Lotal Honse, ensus data uses income ranges that do not correspond exactly to the income categories. There- Table 29 properties and in the percentage of apartments affordable within the low- and moderness Data. It is important to note that the percentage of apartments affordable within the low- and moderness. ate-income groups is cumulative and includes the percentage from the previous income group. Also, house- holds of many income levels will often compete for housing in the same price range, so the existence of a certain number of dwelling units affordable to a low-income level does not mean that those units are actually available or occupied by that income group. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 29 Affordability of Rental Housing in Relation to Income (1990) Income Group Affordable Rent Limit % of City Rentals % of County Rentals Very Low 6% $437 20% $700 17% 70% Low Moderate $1,050 100% 100% Source: U.S. Census Bureau Data A household can typically qualify to purchase a home that is two and a half to three times the annual income of that household depending on the down payment, the level of other long-term obligations (such as a car loan), and interest rates. In practice, the interaction of these factors allows some households to qualify for homes priced at more than three times their annual incomes, while other households may be limited to pur- chasing homes no more than two times their annual incomes. Based on the Los Angeles County 1999 Af- fordability Rates at three times the annual income of a four-person household and the homes sold within the last year, Table 30 shows that there were no homes affordable to four-person households in the very low-, low- and moderate income categories. Table 30 Sold Units Affordable to Lower-Income Households (1999) Percent of All Homes Income Group Homes Sold 2000 Affordability Level Sold Very Low-Income 0% $78,150 0 Low-Income $125,040 0 0% 0 Moderate-Income $187,560 0% Source: L.A. Times Home Prices 2000 Housing Rehabilitation and Replacement Needs A cursory examination of the City's housing stock indicates a number of deteriorated rental units and beach- front homes along the coast comprising less than five percent of the City's total housing stock. These units are being replaced or rehabilitated over time because property values are so high. About 26 percent of the City's housing stock is more than 40 years old; the City does not believe there is a large demand or need for housing rehabilitation assistance. Nevertheless, some low- and moderate-income homeowners, particularly those paying in excess of 30 percent of their incomes for housing and living in older homes, may require financial assistance for home repairs. Table 31 illustrates the age of Malibu's dwelling units. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 31 Age of Malibu's Housing Stock Year Structure Total Total Occupied Renter Occupied Percent of Total Built 1980---1990 1,113 915 179 15% 1970—1979 2,414 1,971 488 32% 1960-1969 2,013 1,796 522 27% 1950—1959 1,199 1,000 258 16% 1940---1949 400 340 162 5% 1939 or earlier 404 351 152 5% Total 7,543 6,373 1,761 100% Source 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data Removal/Replacement of Housing in the Coastal Zone Between 1996 and 1999, the City approved permits for the demolition of 93 residential dwelling units. Each dwelling unit was evaluated for income of the occupants. All 93 residential dwellings were single-family homes, and none were occupied by households of low- or moderate-income. The City was not required un- der state law (Section 65590 (b) of the California Government Code) to ensure that these units were replaced with housing affordable to low- or moderate-income households, therefore. According to City records, there are no other dwelling units scheduled for demolition of conversion that are occupied by low- or moderate- income. 7.2.7 Special Needs Special housing needs, arise due to physical, economic, social, or cultural characteristics, or conditions that are present in a substantial percentage of the local population. These characteristics or conditions distinguish individuals from the general population and lead to housing or supportive services needs that are not (or cannot) be met by the private market acting alone. Examples of special housing needs include accessibility for the mobility impaired, transitional housing for those leaving a homeless environment, and housing spe- cifically designed for the physical and social needs of older adults. Characteristics such as age or physical limitations may be present in a large portion of the population. It is important for the community to accommodate a variety of housing types to serve such special needs groups. For example, accessible housing units that are designed for the physical limitations of the elderly may be needed in a community with a large population of this age group. Conversely, a community may have a large population of large, low-income families that need adequately-sized housing at a low cost. Afforda- bility issues are also important to groups such as female-headed households, college students, farm workers, or military personnel. Therefore, the City needs to evaluate the types of special needs groups in order to ad- dress special housing needs. Elderly Elderly housing needs include affordability and special design features to accommodate physical disabilities in new and rehabilitated housing. There is a wide spectrum of housing suitable to meet the needs of the eld- HOUSING ELEMENT erly given the diversity of this population group and the fact that in the future there will be a larger "older old" group. The different types of housing for seniors include individual residences for independent living as well as senior/adult living/retirement housing developments. For many senior housing projects, a critical factor is the necessity for having a project size large enough to support the provision of appropriate services, includ- ing property management, recreation and other staff services. In Malibu, the most appropriate way to meet the projected need for additional housing for the elderly is not with a large development but through smaller senior developments, mobile home parks, Section 8 vouchers, local rent subsidies and senior home sharing. Approximately 11 percent, or 1,824 of the residents in Malibu were 65 years of age or older in 1990. How- ever, an estimated 18 percent (1,170 persons) of all of the City's households are headed by a person 65 years of age or older. The incidence of poverty was lower among the population over 65 years of age (three per- cent) than it was for the population between the ages of 18 and 64 (six percent). Ninety-six persons over the age of 65 were receiving public assistance. In 1990, 143 homeowners age 65 and older paid 30 percent of their income or more on housing. This represented 12 percent of all elderly homeowners. However, ap- proximately 63 percent (29 renters) of elderly renters were paying 30 percent or more of their income on housing. Tenure is important when analyzing the needs of seniors. The percentage of seniors living in owner- occupied housing was 96 percent according to the 1990 Census, compared to 73 percent of the population at large. In most communities the majority of senior citizens live on fixed incomes in the low- and moderate- income range, and they face difficulty with the costs of major home repairs. In combination with mobility limitations or the need for supportive services (such as medical or meal assistance), it can become very chal- lenging for the elderly to adequately meet their housing needs. A more senior population living in an aged housing stock leads to a need for rehabilitation programs for existing units, as well as the creation of afford- able senior housing units. In Malibu, with its higher incomes, most seniors appear to have sufficient income to meet their financial needs. Nevertheless, there are a small number of low-income seniors who are renters facing dislocation due to high housing costs and no affordable housing alternatives. Similarly, there are a small number of low- income senior homeowners who cannot afford to properly maintain their homes and/or who cannot afford to make necessary modifications for accessibility. These seniors will probably have to move from Malibu if their financial and physical needs cannot be accommodated. One common special need among the "frail" elderly is for care facilities that combine meals, with medical, and daily living assistance in a residential environment. There are two State Department of Social Services licensed elderly care facilities and one care facility with a Pending License in Malibu. Tender Heart Elder Care has a capacity of six persons and Tender Heart II has a capacity of 12 persons. Morning View RCFE has a pending license and a capacity of six persons. The total capacity for these units is 24. Large Families Large households are defined by the number of persons, typically five or more. In Malibu, large households are typically groups of unrelated individuals sharing houses on the beach—a type of "group housing." By contrast, there are a small number of large family households, household made up of related family mem- bers, with low- or moderate-incomes who cannot find housing with sufficient space to meet their needs, such as enough room for sleeping, studying, and food preparation. According to the 1990 Census there were 515 HOUSING ELEMENT households of five or more persons. Large lamilies occupied approximately eight percent of owner-occupied households and slightly more than five percent of renter households. Table 32 shows the number of large households, including family households, by tenure. Table 32 Tenure by Persons in Occupied Units Number of bersous in Honsepold large educational facility on the City's border will have some effect on Bellief. Occupied 5 -r-cost communities in the interior. Even so, some students do find-hous- 6 y's Residential-Life Office indicated that the overwhelming majority of 7+ not provide information on the number of students residing in Malibu, but Total 60 percent of its student population to live on campus including all first Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data hat there were no difficulties in meeting those requirements. Pepperdine An indication of a mismatch between the humber of large families and the availability of housing with still cient space is the number of "over-trowded households. The Census Bureau defines and over-trowded households. The proximately 150 units (six percent) were overcrowded in Malibu in 1990, Table 33Somes D.S. Course 1000Overcrowding of Occupy of Jourseholds 1980 and 1990 1,761 10/0 500 Persons Per Room Ogger Renter 1.01 or more Owner Renter. Percent 50m Total Occupied wding of Occupied Households 1980 and 1990 1.201 Table 33 College Students were overcrowded in Malibu in 1990. units having enough space to meet their needs. Table 33 shows that ap- Pepperdine University is a private Pepperdine University is a private into the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of th to live on campus and indicated that there were no difficulties in meeting those requirements. Pepperdine University had enough housing for 60 percent of its student population to Sy tuding year students. The University did not plovide information on the number of students esiding in Multi the representative of the University's residential Life Wifee indicated that the over whelming majority of these students commute from lower entremental state of the interior. Evely so, some students do find housing in Malibu, and the location of the educational factor to border will be students and the location of the communit housing demand in the City. . HOUSING FLENIEKT Disabled Citizens with children in the Approximately five percent of the City's non-institutionalized residents have physical equipment of the City's non-institutionalized residents have physical equipment of the City's non-institutionalized residents have phys their ability to live independently in conventional residential settings. These individual height convertional residential settings. pairments, self-care limitations, or other conditions that may require special housing myercological policy financial assistance. Individuals with such disabilities can have a number of special needs that distinguish them from the population at large. Individuals with mobility difficulties (such as those confined to wheelchairs) may require special ac- commodations or modifications to their homes to allow for continued independent 和以外是四周中央 cations are often called "handicapped access." wo adult residential Individuals with self-care limitations (which can include persons with mobility difficulties) may re- ۰ quire residential environments that include in-home or on-site support services, ranging from congre- gate to convalescent care. Support services can include medical therapy, daily living period modular gregate dining, and related services. rsons over age 16. Individuals with developmental disabilities and other physical and mental condition that exceeding the condition of the condition of the condition of the condition of the condition of the condition of the condition of the • from functioning independently may require assisted care or group home environments quotes and rest- Individuals with disabilities may require financial assistance to meet their housing measure financial assistance to meet their housing measure financial assistance to meet their housing measure financial assistance to mee ٠ higher percentage than the population at large are low-income and their special housing quantity and more costly than conventional housing. tions. Some disabled Some people with mobility and/or self-care limitations are able to live with their families to assist in meeting housing and daily living needs. A segment of the disabled population, particularly low in the disabled population, particularly low in the disabled population, particularly low in the disabled population, particularly low individuals, may not have the financial capacity to pay for needed accommodations or 1381118118118118118118118118118118118118 homes. In addition, even those able to pay for special housing accommodations may find the beautiful to the commodation of the commodation of the commodation of the commodation of the commodation of the commodation of the in the City. 3 to assist in meeting Disabled persons often require special housing features to accommodate physical limitations, Some disabled persons may have financial difficulty due to the cost of having their special needs met or the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of the open of finding appropriate employment. Although the California Administrative Code Title 24 pulcocquirects lic buildings be accessible to the public through architectural standards such as ramps, large closes, and resi- room modifications to enable handicap access, not all available housing units have these is appropriate from the contribution of the contribution of the contribution of the contribution of the contribution of the contribut to the 1990 Census data, there were approximately 704 non-institutionalized disabled persons over age 16. According to the 1990 Census, 35 persons (less than 1 percent) between the ages of 16 yill traditional trade of the same trade of the same trade of the same trade of the same trade of the same trade of the same trade of th and/or self-care limitations. anging from congre- Many persons with disabilities can benefit from a residential environment that provides supportive services in a group setting. According to the State Department of Social Services, there are two indult residential homes for the developmentally disabled with a total capacity of 46 and one group homJi Appel Age Liver Head y require special ac- total capacity of five. Female-Headed Households Female-headed households account for 5.7 percent (245) of the total households in Malibu as reported by the 1990 Census. Table 34 reveals that only 1.6 percent of female-headed households had poverty level incomes in 1990. All three households included children under 18. None of the female-headed households without children have poverty-level incomes. This compares to 2.7 percent of the total families with children in the HOUSING ELEMENT City that had incomes below the poverty level. Therefore female-headed households are not any more likely to be living in poverty than the average Malibu household. Housing needs of the female-headed households include affordability, proximity to services, and access to all housing opportunities. These needs are ad- dressed by the programs included in this Housing Element, which seek to reduce housing costs and expand the range of housing opportunities in the City. Table 34 Female Headed Households Above Poverty Below Poverty Household Type Total Percent Level Level With Children 188 3 191 3.4% under 18 Without Children 54 0 54 0.9% under 18 Total 242 3 245 4.3% Sources: 1990 U.S. Census Tracts Farm Workers Farm worker and day worker households in Los Angeles County have needs for affordable housing in both existing and new housing. However, due to the City's development pattern and employment base, the num- ber of households with one or more persons employed as a farmer/day worker or in the agricultural industry is expected to be minimal. Of those types of housing needs that could not be justifiably estimated, it may be assumed that only farm workers would not find a need for housing in Malibu. Although Malibu does, how- ever, experience a daily influx of day workers, neither day workers nor farm workers constitute a measur- able demand on the City's existing housing resources. The City's day laborer center, the Labor Exchange, is based at City Hall. The center provides employment assistance to day workers. The staff at the center estimates that approximately 40 people per day seek day labor positions. Although the center's application forms only ask for local residence status and not specific addresses, the center's staff estimates that approximately 20 percent of these workers are homeless (with the balance living in Malibu, Santa Monica, and Los Angeles). The need for assistance is already addressed by existing resources. There is little active agriculture in the City. As a result, the needs of farm workers do not differ from the needs of other low-income households. The needs of these farm workers and day workers have already been considered among the existing low-income households. Further, the demand for programs for the homeless in Malibu does not appear to be substantial. The majority of the homeless in Malibu are served by agencies located in Santa Monica and elsewhere. Therefore, no housing program for farm workers or day workers is necessary for the City. Homeless Legislation signed into law in September 1984 indicates that the "special needs" analysis must include the "homeless" and need for emergency shelters. "Homeless" refers to persons and/or families who are without HOUSING ELEMENT shelter because of economic and/or domestic circumstances. Such persons and families may live in campers, motels, and other temporary accommodations. Homelessness is caused by a number of social and economic factors, including a breakdown of traditional social relationships, unemployment, shortage of low-income housing, and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. A homeless person lacks consistent and adequate shelter. Homeless persons can be considered residents (those remaining in an area year round) or transient. Emergency and transitional shelters can help to address the needs of the homeless. Emergency shelters provide a short-term solution to homelessness and involve limited supplemental services. In contrast, transitional shelters are designed to remove the basis for homelessness. Shelter is provided for an extended period of time, and is combined with other social services and counseling to assist in the transition to self-sufficiency. The nature of the homeless population makes exact counting difficult. The 1990 Census found no "visible" persons living on the streets and no people in homeless shelters. However, Census counts are not generally accepted as an accurate reflection of homelessness. Because the homeless move around and are not always visible on the street it is difficult to get an accurate count of homeless persons in a community. There is no specific data on the homeless population because homeless people were not accounted for in the Census. Los Angeles County Sheriff Department staff stationed in the area and familiar with the City estimate that there are approximately 25 homeless people living in the undeveloped hillside areas and other vacant or isolated areas of the City. This number has not changed appreciably over the past five years. There are no facilities for the homeless within the City; however, there are several facilities which provide temporary shelter, food and social services in Santa Monica and Venice. The Los Angeles Homeless Ser- vices Authority provides an Info line for people looking for homeless shelters. The current shelters that peo- ple of Malibu would be referred to are the Sunlight, the Salvation Army and the Turning Point, which are all located in Santa Monica. The Turning Point is also the Food Bank available to the people of Malibu. The Bible Tabernacle is another facility located in Venice which provides emergency shelter to everyone. Ap- pendix B gives a detailed listing of the facilities serving the City of Malibu. Assisted Housing Projects Assisted housing projects are those that offer financial aid or provide extra services for people in need of financial or basic living assistance. There are a variety of programs, each focusing on a specific need or with a specific goal to eliminate unmet housing needs in the community. A review of information from state and federal agencies did not uncover any assisted rental housing developments with state or federal contracts. There are also no locally assisted rental housing developments. County Housing Programs The City is likely to be considered a sub-recipient to Los Angeles County for any federal assistance for low- and moderate-income housing. Thus, it would qualify for assistance on the basis of the poverty of its resi- dents compared with all the areas of the County that are not directly receiving assistance (e.g., the City of Los Angeles). According to the County Housing Authority, the County does not currently operate any hous- ing units in Malibu, nor does the County Housing Authority plan to add any units in the City. Therefore, there are no Malibu residents on the County's Section 8 waiting list. Currently, there are no Section 8 cer- tificates/vouchers distributed in the City. Although the County offers the Shelter Plus Care program, HOPWA program, and Section 8 Existing Housing Homeless program, no residents of Malibu participate in these programs. One of the reasons for this lack of participation is that few rental units in Malibu cost less HOUSING ELEMENT than the maximum allowed by the federal government for participation in rent subsidy programs (see Table 35 for Fair Market Rents). There are no multifamily complexes in the City that currently participate in HUD's Section 8 program. However, the City is participating in the Section 8 rent subsidy program. The Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments Program (HAPP) is administered by the Los Angeles County Community Development Commis- sion/Housing Authority. It is a program that links landlords with tenants eligible for rental assistance. HAPP guarantees landlords fair market rent while providing subsidies for tenants in rental properties. HAPP ten- ants are those elderly, handicapped, or low-income families needing help to secure decent housing. Fair market rents for the Los Angeles County area in fiscal year 2000 are provided in Table 35 below. For the 40th percentile, fair market rents for manufactured home spaces in the Section 8 Choice Housing Pro- gram, space rents in Los Angeles County are listed at $505 for fiscal year 2000 (Federal Register, February 2000). Table 35 Fair Market Rents for Existing Housing in Los Angeles County Studio One Bedroom Two Bedroom Three Bedroom Four Bedroom $505 $605 $766 $1,033 $1,233 Source: Federal Register, HUD, February 2000 Individual initiative and the use of Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) have helped. In previ- ous years the CDBG program has been used to assist with home improvement for applicants that meet the income guidelines. Units Eligible for Conversion In 1989, the California Government Code was amended to include a requirement that localities identify and develop a program in their housing elements for the preservation of assisted, affordable multifamily units. Subsequent amendments have clarified the scope of the analysis to also include units developed pursuant to inclusionary housing and density bonus programs. In the preservation analysis, localities are required to pro- vide an inventory of assisted, affordable units that are eligible to convert within ten years. As part of the analysis, an estimation of the cost of preserving versus replacing the units is to be included, as well as pro- grams designed to preserve the affordable units. The California Housing Partnership Corporation provides an inventory of federally subsidized rental units at risk of conversion. The 1999 update, which identifies units at risk through the year 2020, identifies no HUD- assisted multifamily housing developments with Section 8 contracts in the City of Malibu. Therefore, there are no units at risk of conversion and no costs to conserve assisted units. A significant trend over the last decade has been the offering of accessory buildings and other surplus household space as rental units. Although the County of Los Angeles did not allow this practice, the City allows the creation of second units on all residentially-zoned land in the City. Occupancy of these units, however, is not based on income. These units are not part of the affordable rental housing stock at risk of converting to market-rate housing (because rents charged on these units are already at market rate). HOUSING LLEMENT 7.2.8 Constraints Ladjacent to Pepperdine University: With the This section provides an analysis of resources and constraints against bilinary located with the peace of the the challenge of meeting unmet housing needs. Information on ship in the challenge of meeting unmet housing needs. Information on ship in the challenge of meeting unmet housing needs. presented in this section: Flores, Rambla Pacifico and Carbon Canyon. Housing Supply Characteristics; a west of Carbon Canyon Road. Residential Assessment of Fand Snitable for Residential Development coastline as well as the canyons and hillsides approximately 10,000 square feet up to large Inventory of Nongovernmental Constraints; and Inventory of Governmental Constraints. and along the beaches while low density de- Residential Development Trends family development is more dominant than Residential development in Malibu is located along both sides ເປັງກິ່ນ ໃນເປັນເປັນເປັນເປັນປັ່ນ ການ ເຂົ້າ ເປັນເປັນ ເປັນ ເປັນ ເປັນ ເປັນ ເປັນ ເປັນ and hillsides. Residential development patterns are, like the City. linear. In 1990, the Census estimated approximately 7,543 units in the four census tracts. Based on desegregated numbers, approximately 5,851 of these units are within the City limits. This reflects an approximate 16 per- cent increase between 1980 and 1990 which is similar to the poor क्षित्राविकारिक अधिकार कर विकास कर कर है। may be concluded that the growth rates of full-time and part-time residents are roughly equal. The current estimate, based on data from the California Department of Finance, indicates that there were 5.746 housing units in Malibu in 1993, an increase of 2.2 percent since 1990. 5000 and 5,300 in the year 2010. SCAG's projection for future growth in the The number of full-time resident households increased in 199 The number of full-time resident households increased in 1990 to 4.518 from 3.668 in 1980 reflecting a growth rate of 17.7 percent. This growth rate is higher than the hopetation growth rate for the same period, because th 1990. Assuming the population per household continues to dec year 2010 there could be as few as 2.22 persons per household 10.10 1718 ptop 2 rought has been as 2.22 persons per household 10.10 1718 ptop 2 rought has been as 2.22 persons per household 10.10 1718 projection for funde City indicates a total number of households of 5,100 in the year 2000 and 5,300 in the year 2010. mee, indicates that there were 5,746 housing Status of Current Residential Development ime residents are roughly equal. The current Vacant land accounts for the majority of the land within the Citobalation at work in rate dor the raine being a land within the Citobalation at which the raine for the majority of the land within the Citobalation at which particular account for the majority of the built environment. / limits. This reflects an approximate 16 per- ie four census tracts. Based on desegregated Single-Family Imear. The single-family residential category includes low density (mon bacille coal Highway and in the canyloss (less than two units per acre) uses. The lower density single-tanily development is more dominant than higher density development. Higher densities are generally found along the beaches while low density de- velopment is in the hillsides and canyon areas of the City. Single-family homes sit on lots ranging from small clusters of approximately 10,000 square feet up to large parcels of 40 acres or more. Single-family homes dominate the constituents well as the carryons and hillsides from the City boundary on the east to approximately one mile west of Carbon Canyon Road. Residential neighborhoods are found along canyons such as Big Rock, Las Flores, Rambla Pacifico and Carbon Canyon. Between Carbon Canyon and Puerco Canyon, there are concentrations of single-family homes interspersed with other types of development. These residential neighborhoods are primarily located along the beach (in- cluding Malibu Colony), in the hills above the Civic Center and adjacent to Pepperdine University. With the HOUSING ELEMENT exception of the Civic trees. The property intuited representation development on the goods side of Pacific Const Highway in this area, in a see and I are and of development bouned near Puerco Canyon. The usen lo- cated between Latigo Canyos, and the western city limits is characterized by relatively rural and low density single-family homes on both sides of Pacific Coast Highway extending into the hillsides. The largest con- centration of residential neighborhoods is in the Point Dume area and the Malibu Park area, north of Pacific Coast Highway and Zuzo some chesoppion bioberries surpus supplies the majority of land along the coast petween Walipn Bark ston Rambla Bacilico before the dandslide area and on the Pacific Coast Highway after rereliff Road, across Tapaja just past Trancas and along Malibu Road. The other re- Rural Residential lined with condos and apartments. There are also condos across Point Dume Plaza. Bright Legenmediately west. Both sides of the Friches Apair Highway between hear Flores and the bens to uoucommercific Coast Highway. There are some areas of multifamily development located along qeusity rural residentisHighways In the Points Dunte area there are arruhifamily residential unlip-located both the low-quesity rural this area around has Flores Canyon and the tween Puerco Canyon and Cango Canyon Canyon, and Ramirez th sides of Bacific Coast Highway/Chare are a few pockets(obmultifantily develop- ral Canyon Road. In ajoui olemnli tamily residential is docated in the westerly are as of Alei Givior Entre on axis aloug Carbon Canzon, Kriter and Las aloug Carbon Canzon, Mile Second is located in Point Dume on Dume Drive. The only area which constrained the second is located in Point Dume on Dume Drive. The only area which conca Multiple Family amily units in the City are low-rise apartments, condominiums or townhouses. There This category includes (combining and condomini- nms (attached nuits); e-than 48 units per acre (either a single structure or group of structures of four or imore height mith 10-18 mingrounds); and medium rise apartments two and uninimus betygen threward four stor comblex with commons perfactes (either assingle structure or group abstructures of dour pumping in a ries in height with modowariscapartments เรอกส่อนกับเป็นรายเสียงภาคดนระรายอย่างอยู่หลอกตายสนใจบุงอาริเอยโนราเก nuits in a comblex mit the following: duplexes, triplexes and two- or three-unit townhouses and condomini- The majority of multifunity with lattle Vity me how-rise apartments, condominiums or townhouses. There are two areas of duples or triple. This and it amy is located along the coast between Big Rock Drive and has antial neighborhoods are also found just west of Trancas Canyon and along Decker tains median-lise abat the rice is one area located at the east end of the City adjacent to the northern City bounding page on Road. The Jardest concentratedition to the regal residential development of Point Dume and Malibu/Parkt several poth the north and zorCanyon. Higher density-areastare located seawards of Bacific CoastrHighway and Col- ment scattered east of esidential neighborhoods are located in the hillsideschetween? Corrafi (वार्ण का Latigo sonth of Bacilic Coast diproperties: Several rural residential neighborhoods exist in Malibuulihe majority of north and south of Ladalchorses ordivestockydkurals residentials development contains both slight and slow Lucias Candou and justo homes located in a rural settings including backyard animal shelicity corrals for Civic Center Area are fined scale condos and apartments. There are also condos across Point Dunie Plaza: east and west of Heatl endit. Road more's Lapuin just past Trancas and along Malibu Road. The other re- maining apartments are on Rambla Pacifico before the landslide area and on the Pacific Coast Highway after Gulls Way. There are also some beachfront properties still available. HOUSE GLITTAL VI Mobile Homes This category includes mobile homes, trailers and prefabricated housing which are either stationary with foundations or are capable of being moved. There are two mobile forme parks in Malibu. The two parks are both located south of Pacific Coast Highway. eeded in the City by the year 2005. 7.2.9 Assessment of Land Suitable for Residential Development อาเลา เกาะ เกาะ เกาะ เกาะ เกาะ เกาะ เกาะ เกา In October 1987, the State Attorney General added insight on how regional councils of government, such as SCAG, must determine a locality's share of regional housing நலக் கோயு மாழா உண்டுக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் விக்கில் eral by Senator Roberti was as follows: it the yast majority of this land may be subject "Must the availability of suitable housing sites be corned accorning to over that of the incorporated nances and land use restrictions of the locality or based a ston of the Locality or based a stone of the locality or based a stone of the locality or based a stone of the locality or based a stone of the locality or based nelobment nuder afterwative soulud orquances and land, large single lamily homes on relatively large slopment that has occurred in the City in recent California Attorney General John Van De Kamps' opinion օң կրթ հուցու իրով 967կրը զգրայություն անանություն tant question was as follows: ict affordable housing on land that has demon- "We find no indication in Section 65584 that current zonling ordinatives and land use restrictions are to influence of the availability of suitable sites.' A housing site would be unsuitable based upon its limit the factor physical characteristics, not because of some governmental control of an artificial and external nature. The planning process of Sections 65583 and 65584 contraggictions which determining a possible abuse. could be made available through different policies and diffe botential for fucies education and different policies and different policies and different policies and different policies and different policies and different p would be only one aspect of the 'available data' upon would inhousthesexisting sonipposiquinances and sites' is to be considered under Section 65584. We conclude that a council of governments must con- sider the availability of suitable housing sites based norwhich the last to rotation and implications of the savailability of suitable housing sites based norwhich the last to rotation of suitable housing sites based norwh land use restrictions of the locality but also based upon chelobucin standards restrictions of the locality but also based upon chelobucin standards restrictions of the locality but also based upon chelobucin standards res ment under alternative zoning ordinances and land use isimplates an identification of adequate sites that of the regional housing needs." ntal control of an artificial and external nature. The primary constraints to the production of housing units in state in the latter of the state in the latter of the state in the latter of the state in the latter of the state in the latter of the state in the latter of th infrastructure, the cost of vacant land, and the cost to construct attordable nousing on land that has demonstruct strated significant environmental and physical constraints. Or geographic floridation of the strategic floridation of the strategic floridation of the strategic floridation of the strategic floridation of the strategic flo these constraints is present. The majority of new housing development that has occurred in the Ciry in recent years has either been on infill land or been the development of the land of land. Estimates of vacant land using an updated valous life horizontal land using an updated valous life horizontal land using an updated valous l ventory map of Malibu, shows that within Malibu, vacant light and passed about the second south of the membersher within Malibu, vacant light and passed about the second south of the membersher within Malibu, vacant light area. Information gathered for the Safety Element reveals that the tenst majority of this land may be subject to some form of geologic or hydrologic hazard and will, therefere The duestion bosed to the Attorness Cent plans for new construction. how regional councils of government, such as Table 36 tabulates existing and proposed land uses. The City has designated for residential development suf- ficient land to accommodate the 16 affordable housing units needed in the City by the year 2005. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 36 Summary Potential Residential Units in the City of Malibu Vacant Land Mixed Use Land Use Designation Potential Number Potential Number Acres Acres of Housing Units of Housing Units SF-M (2-4 du/acre) 133 544 NA SF-L (1-2 du/acre) 109 218 NA --- RR1 (1 du/acre) 211 225 NA RR2 (2 du/5 acres) 1,635 810 NA _ RR5 (1 du/5 acres) 1,360 255 NA RR10 (1 du/10 acres) 352 31 NA RR20 (1 du/20 acres) 1,719 79 NA MF (6 du/acre) 11 66 NA --- MFBF (1,855 sq. ft./unit) 1 15 NA MH (1 du/acre) 0 . NA Commercial (CG) NA 34 - 136 Total 5,531 2,243 34 136 Source: City of Malibu Yields are based on 100% of allowable density. Given topographical and safety concerns (geology, flood plain, etc.). Actual yield is expected to be an average of 50% of allowable density however each site is evaluated based on its specific characteristics. On relatively flat sites without other environmental constraints, achievable densities will be close to 100% of the allowed density under the IZO (see the following discussion on the Civic Center site and Point Dume). As an example, the MFBF site shown in Table 7-36 is located on relatively unconstrained property with respect to achievable density under the IZO. The City has also identified the following multifamily vacant land parcels available for development poten- tial in Appendix D. Redevelopment Potential In addition to the vacant land available to accommodate future residential housing for low income groups, the City is also evaluating other lands suitable for redevelopment potential. Two sites, the Civic Center site and Point Dume, have residential development potential as mixed-use properties. Either site could accom- modate the 14 dwelling units that comprise the City's regional share of housing. One of the potential areas for mixed-use is the City's Civic Center site. The City's Civic Center site contains 43 acres and is currently 80 percent underused. The site is zoned for Community Commercial, General Commercial, and Commercial Visitor Serving-1. Both Community and General Commercial zones allow mixed use developments that could also accommodate future residential housing for low- and/or moderate- income groups. The second potential mixed-use site is the Point Dume property, which contains 31 acres. Measure N In November of 2000, Malibu voters approved a development ordinance (Ordinance 213) concerning real property located in the City. Listed as "Measure N" on the November ballot, the Ordinance amends Malibu Municipal Code Section 9.5.17 to require that developments of 30 acres in size in or more in commercial or commercial/residential zones be approved by the Council and City voters. The City does not believe that Measure N will negative impact Malibu's ability to accommodate its regional housing needs, particularly for HOUSING ELEMENT ø low- or moderate-income households, because it is unlikely that any residential projects, or mixed residen- tial/commercial projects, would individually exceed the 30-acre threshold. 7.2.10 Non-Governmental Constraints Several factors pose constraints to the provision of affordable and adequate housing. They are divided into several governmental and non-governmental constraints. Governmental constraints are deliberately imposed and would therefore seem to be easier to mitigate. However, the vast majority of governmental regulations are essential to the health, safety, and general welfare of the community. Non-governmental constraints, on the other hand, are existing conditions that are brought about by interdependent natural and socioeconomic forces which cannot easily be removed. Non-governmental constraints are factors that negatively affect the provision of housing. In Malibu, these include the physical, natural, and economic aspects of location and construction of development, which limit the number, type and location of residential projects, and largely determine the costs/prices of housing units. Non-governmental constraints include environmental constraints and market forces. Environmental Constraints Malibu is located within the Santa Monica Mountains, which are characterized by steep rugged hillsides, valleys, and canyons draining into the Pacific Ocean. In the Malibu area, the natural environment substan- tially influences housing location. Some of the hillsides and canyons have slopes that make housing con- struction more expensive or impossible. Hillsides and steep slopes are a common constraint in Malibu where more than 80 percent of the City of Malibu is hillside area. The remaining relatively flat land is either sub- ject to ocean and/or canyon (creek) flooding, or other significant environmental constraints. Seismic characteristics pose a potential development constraint in Malibu due to the numerous faults sur- rounding the area, including the Malibu Coast Fault, the Santa Monica Fault, the Las Flores Reverse Fault, and the Anacapa Fault, all of which traverse the City. Development in a fault zone is possible, but it is gen- erally discouraged as this seismic hazard represents an unnecessary risk. Lands that fall within flood plains are generally regulated to prevent the potential loss of life and property. In the Malibu area, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has recorded eight major flooding incidents since 1934, and has identified 24 flooding sources, including creeks and low-lying beach front ar- eas in the Malibu area. Flooding hazards associated with high tides and large ocean waves are also reported by FEMA for the Malibu area. Rough seas occurring in conjunction with heavy rains have caused extensive damage along the Malibu coast including the disruption, exposure, or complete wash-out of septic tank sys- tems. Lands located near flooding sources are considered a moderate to high constraint on development. A more detailed discussion of the biota of Malibu and a map of the Resource Protection Areas (RPAs) may be found with the Conservation Element of the General Plan. These areas contain vegetation and wildlife considered endangered, rare, or significant resources. Development is not necessarily prohibited within RPAs; however, intensive urban development is not appropriate. In most locations in Malibu, the beaches are relatively narrow. Starting in the 20th century, the sandy beaches in Malibu were backed by slowly eroding sea cliffs. Currently 60 percent of the sea cliffs are pro- tected against wave-caused erosion. There are two stretches of the coast which remain backed by unpro- tected sea cliffs and will continue to experience sea cliff retreat. One of these areas is between Escondido HOUSING ELEMENT Beach and Point Dume, the second is between Lechuza Point and Sequit Point. There are some seawalls and revetments in these areas that protect private property. Since 1938, the shoreline along most of the Malibu coast has advanced slightly at an average rate of 0.5 feet per year. The Malibu shoreline was, however, relatively stable in comparison to other beaches between 1938 and 1988. There are some beaches in the City that experienced coastal retreat while others experienced beach advancement. The rate of greatest retreat occurred at Malibu Beach where it averaged approximately one foot per year. The shoreline advanced most significantly at Zuma and Westward Beaches at a rate of approximately two feet per year. Geologic Hazards Other development constraints include landslides, soil erosion, fire hazard, and liquefaction potential. Ero- sion and fire potential factors are largely a direct function of slope gradient. Damaging. effects from lique- faction may be minimized through adherence to existing code requirements regarding foundation design. A full discussion of the physical constraints to development may be found in the Safety Element of the General Plan. The opportunity for development of high-density, lower-priced residential units is limited, because Malibu is exposed to a variety of environmental constraints. Malibu is subject to geologic hazards such as slope instability, landsliding, and unstable ground; flood and inundation hazards such as tsunami, seiche, and storm-induced flooding; and wildland and urban fire hazards. Large portions of the City are covered with hillsides and steep slopes. More than 80 percent of Malibu is considered to be hillside. In addition, inade- quate infrastructure may also act as a constraint to residential development. Expansive soils, compressible or collapsible soils, high groundwater and shoreline regression are additional geologic/geotechnical hazards which occur throughout the City. Each of these geologic/geotechnical and safety hazards is a constant threat to the property and health of residents in Malibu within and surrounding the areas where they exist. Hillsides/Slopes Much of the City is comprised of rugged mountainous terrain within the Santa Monica Mountains. The mountainous coastal areas are characterized by steep hillsides that descend abruptly into narrow canyons. The majority of the area can be classed as having an average gradient of 35 percent and above. This gradient class is generally accepted as being not economically feasible for high-density urban development. Devel- opment on such severely sloped parcels would require substantial modification to the natural terrain that sig- nificantly adds to the cost of development. Development on the steep hillsides would also add to erosion and landslide potential. Landslides The 1990 Los Angeles County Safety Element (LACSE) prepared a map that was a generalized inventory of landslides. Review of the Los Angeles County Landslide Inventory map indicates that particularly the Malibu area, and the Santa Monica Mountains area in general, constitute one of the three areas of L.A. County that display a high propensity for landsliding. According to the 1992 review of landslides conducted by Philip Williams & Associates and Peter Warshall & Associates, there are approximately 250 mapped landslides in the area. Of the major slides listed in the Williams and Warshall report, sizes range from about eight acres up to the Big Rock Mesa landslide which is about 220 acres. Most of the large landslide areas involve housing units, many of which are threatened. HOUSING ELEMENT Public utilities have been affected, particularly those underground. To address the problem, underground piping has often been rerouted onto the ground surface with flexible connections. The generally recognized landslide areas in Malibu include (listed from east to west): Las Tunas Beach Slides Eagle Pass-Las Flores Slide Calle Del Barco Carbon Canyon Slide Puerco Beach Slides Latigo Shore Slide Malibu Cove Colony Slides La Chusa Highland Slide Big Rock Mesa Rambla Pacifico Carbon Mesa Slides ٠ Amarillo Beach Slides R.V. Park Slide Latigo Canyon Slide Lower Encinal Canyon Slides Debris Flow/Mud Flow Hazards Debris flow can be a dangerous and deadly hazard that destroys property and endangers public health and safety. The major canyon bottoms would be the collection point for mud, water, and debris from all the up- hill ravines in Malibu. Many of these canyon bottoms have been traversed by roadways that act as the points of ingress and egress from developed uphill areas. During a major storm flooding event these roads would be hazardous and the risk of being impacted by a sudden debris flow event, closing access to the communi- ties above. Geologic hazard maps completed as part of the General Plan have delineated the highland areas above Malibu with the most likely potential for generating future debris flow events. The major canyon bot- toms most exposed are Topanga Canyon, Las Flores Canyon, Malibu Creek, Puerco Canyon, Corral Canyon, Dry Canyon, Solstice Canyon, Latigo Canyon, Escondido Canyon, Ramirez Canyon, Zuma Canyon, and Trancas Canyon. Mudslides that can contribute to the debris dangers downstream are often initiated from private properties where development has occurred and surface drainage has not been well controlled. Other incidences of mudsliding can occur where private roadway surface drainage is not well maintained or properly disposed. There are many sites within Malibu where canyon and side hill private roadways allow water to flow over a hillside. These are likely areas where mudslides will have a high potential of occurrence during a major storm. Mudsliding is also possible on steep slopes where construction has been allowed to cut into the hillside and undermine the soil and weathered bedrock horizon. There have been past failures of hillsides along the north side of Pacific Coast Highway, the main arterial into and out of the City. The potential for mudslides and HOUSING ELEMENT debris flows increase significantly following a major fire. The debris flow potential due to burned areas is a major hazard to Malibu's lowland and canyon development. Given that highland areas of Malibu are located in a high fire hazard area, there is a significant potential for experiencing large burn areas that will expose the soils to high erosion potential. is south of the N Liquefaction and Subsidence grently merges Few areas of significant liquest effold suffer Wibility exist in the City of Malibu. These areas are located along the beaches and in the flood plant of the Haglor streams such as Malibu Creek. Of the various geologic hazards page lifest are State of California, expansive soils have caused millions of dollars in damages, particular and all all all all all all and private property improvements. Soils with moderate to high expansive pseudill we spread throughout Malibu. Specifics on possible private or public damages would be most available the specific reports of geotechnical consultants. Based upon the wide variety of individuals with a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will a will that distress to foundations, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, conditions, the different geologic formations mapped in the Malibu area consists of various units that may possess ex- pansive potential. reate a 1,000-40 Potential collapsible soils mails of Malibu where geologic units of alluvium or colluvium are present at the lower end of slowing Kraffle where it begins to flatten and become less steep, but particularly where debris flow deposits have napped in the Point Dume-Zuma Beach area. Similar types of deposits are likely along Las Flores Canyon, Malibu Creek, Zuma Canyon, and Trancas Canyon, Compressible soils would be very likely in the Malibu Lagoon area, along Malibu Creek, Dume C30[1.01, 90][1/h34ncas Canyon. Undetected, development on these types of soils may become distressed as a resulton outflutes or consolidation of the foundation soils. lanyon. Compr Faulting and Seismicity L. Similar types There are numerous faults surper page 11 to 12 layersing the Malibu area, including the Malibu Coast Fault, the Santa Monica Fault, the Las Phillip Receipt Fault, and the Anacapa Fault. These faults are not well defined as they are not generally visited from the Safety Ele- ment of the General Plan delineage a 4,000-foot area on either side of all faults as areas that could be subject to seismic hazard. ons mapped in The Malibu Coast Fault Zone Officers 211102 O-west orientation onshore, sub-parallel to and along the shore- line for a linear distance of abdougleschild and the Malibu City limits, but which also extends offshore to the east and west for a total 1901 illustrating perhaps 37.5 miles. Onshore, this fault extends from Sequit Point in the west to Carbon Botellial and about, although recent mapping suggests that the Las Flores Thrust Fault may conceivably represed to a life extension of this fault zone, thus pushing its onshore eastern limits to the Big Rock/Las Tunk Wat 4116611 The Anacapa or Dume Fault is the Anacapa or Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume Fault is the Anacapa of Dume length in excess of 62 miles. It occurs as close as 3.6 miles offshore south of Malibu at its western end, but trends northeast where it apparently merges with the offshore segment(s) of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, thus lying as close as two miles south of the Malibu Beach/Carbon Beach area. TRUE SPAIN LEFT MILES I 351 Tsunamis and Seiches tousing. Tsunamis (seismic sea waves) can be expected zoning Thowever the City has since adopted a mixed-use surface ground rupture of the offshore faulting a constitution additional attordable housing because of the offshore. Displacement of the sea floor could generate a local wave and would include wave runup to eleva- tions 12 feet above Mean Lower Low Water WHY 18 PROTES WELL HAVE CORE OLD SAFER THE TOT THE Malibu coast in general are between five and set માગદામાં જેમામાં મામ કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામાના કામ for the 500-year zone. The higher run-ups occurs him seem but support the son year zone. The higher run-ups occurs him seem but support the son year. effects related to the Santa Monica Bay Lesoual Barlik Berlind growth. Government regulation may inhibit the mity. While providing procedures and standards for order and Most of the coastal dwellings and low lying coernous These resultations of local social missing at the by an earthquake-generated tsunami. Damage թերբություն հերևում հուժեց բիրել (կով ումյան թարի Cur այդ Coustal pected. The most vulnerable objects would be constantly to the paid need and some compose develop- on or near the beach, and bridges over the streams near the beach, such as along the Pacific Count Highway at Malibu Creek and Corral Creek. mts e scale residential development. Fire Hazards r ambient levels to 45 dBA. Parcels along PCH do not meet The City of Malibu is served by the Los Angelize Governor to Color of Malibu is served by the Los Angelize Governor to Color of Malibu is served by the Los Angelize Governor to Color of Malibu is served by the Los Angelize ment of Forestry, if needed. According to the อาเมอร์ เกอร์ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการและ เประการ Department, Malibu is considered to be an external property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of part of the natural regeneration cycle of the nature formed in place of the natural regeneration cycle of the natural regeneration cycle of the natural regeneration cycle of the natural regeneration cycle of the natural re enced major brush fires in the past 10 to 30 years, the most recent fire being the Old Topanga Maliba Fire of November 2-5, 1993. This fire resulted in the destruction and damage of approximately 270 houses in the City. destruction and damage of approximately 270 homes in the Noise ars, the most recent fire being the Old Topanga/Malibu Fire of The majority of vacant developable parcels tive California landscape. The majority of the City has experi- highway are exposed to noise levels of 65 CNichie passard xond Mildiand these are incomple and are a tornia have established mandatory noise guid California Department of Forestry and the L.A., County Fire ment cannot pe exbosed to ontdoor ampient ucles County, Fire Department, as well as the California Depart- insulation must be provided to reduce interior audition levels to 45 dB A. Percells done PATE da normore these noise criteria and are not suitable for large scale residential development. 7.2.11 Inventory of Governmental Constraints ams near the beach, such as along the Pacific Coast Highway The State of California defines governmental beobjeton the peaches plantes of other pulposes of other pulposes of other pulposes. ment moratoria, site improvement requirement due to Booding in the Malibu Civic Center area can be ex- Commission approval), excessive fees, and expering accession expect to pe gamaged some time in the little signed to control development within a community. While providing procedures and standards for order and public welfare, these actions may also unnecessary and provide growth. Government regulation may inhibit the needed residential development when they rengit the the eastern part of Mandu because of the ambulication development costs and indirectly raise rents and housing market values. The State requires that each Hous- ing Element review the applicable regulations with respect to their impact on the cost of development. The City's Interim Zoning Ordinance (IZO) is a constraint to additional affordable housing because of the reduction in permitted development (or down zoning). However, the City has since adopted a mixed-use zone to permit the development of affordable housing. HOUSING ELEMENT Parking Requirements Another potential constraint to the production of affordable housing in multifamily zones is the City's re- quirement of four parking spaces per dwelling unit. The requirements for two covered and two non-covered parking spaces per unit could significantly reduce the development potential of a small multifamily-zoned sites when combined with setback, yard, height, and other requirements. Given high land and development costs in Malibu, such a reduction in density would reduce feasibility of producing housing affordable to low- or moderate-income households. This potential constraint could be mitigated by permitting parking reduc- tions or shared parking in mixed-use projects where site conditions and user characteristics warrant such reductions. Many communities allow for reduced parking, for example, for senior housing projects, projects near public transit, or projects with smaller dwelling units (or fewer bedrooms) that are less likely to create parking problems. Ordinances The City Council issued a building moratorium for Malibu upon the City's incorporation. The moratorium expired on March 28, 1993. The City now has in place an IZO which provides reasonable standards for de- velopment. The IZO is intended to ensure that future development in the City is consistent with the City's objectives to preserve sensitive and unique environmental resources, retain the City's rural character, ensure that future development does not over burden the City's limited infrastructure, and provide a balance of land uses. The overriding objective of the IZO and other ordinances adopted by the City, is to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public. Further, and as previously noted, the City has adopted a mixed-use zone to permit the development of affordable housing. The City Council has allowed for the creation of development standards, that reflect the character of indi- vidual neighborhoods, and has adopted individualized development standards for six neighborhoods in the City. Two of these overlay districts, La Costa and Malibu Country Estates, are in relatively intense devel- opment neighborhoods and allow for homes to be built that exceed the structure size and setback limitations of the IZO. Another overlay district, DeVille Way allows for development standards for a multifamily pro- ject. The City Council has approved a tentative tract map for a 22-unit condominium project in the DeVille Way Overlay District which meets the General Plan multifamily density of six dwelling units per acre and also meets the IZO parking standards of four parking spaces per unit. In addition to the DeVille Way Over- lay District, the Multifamily Beach Front zone allows for higher density multifamily projects with a reduc- tion in half from four spaces to two spaces per dwelling unit. The IZO's zoning designations are more restrictive in some cases than the land use categories presented in this General Plan and will be amended accordingly. The land use densities proposed in the Land Use Ele- ment (and as depicted on the Land Use Policy Map of the Land Use Element) have been developed based on specific constraints facing the City: Limited infrastructure; HOUSING ELEMENT City's codes and ordinances are necessary to ensure the protection of the City and to ensure the health, safety and welfare of the public and property. Table 37 provides a summary of the City's zoning regulations. Table 37 Land Use Requirements, Controls and Standards by Zone RURAL RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Dimension Coverage Limit RR-40 40 acres Width: 150 feet 30% to 45%, not Front Yard: 18 feet above 2 enclosed and RR-20 20 acres Depth: 250 feet to exceed 25,000 20% of total natural or 2 unenclosed RR-10 10 acres square feet depth of lot finished grade spaces per unit RR-5 5 acres Side Yard: (whichever is RR-2 2 acres 25% (cumulative) lower) for all of total width of residential lot, but no single structures; up to lot should be less 28 feet with than 10% or 5 permit feet (whichever is greater) Rear Yard: 15% of lot depth or 15 feet (whichever is greater) SINGLE-FAMILY NON-BEACHFRONT RESIDENTIAL Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Dimension- Coverage Limit SF-L 1 acre Width: 30% to 45%, not Front Yard: 18 feet above 2 enclosed and SF-M 1/2 acre 100 feet to exceed 25,000 20% of total natural or 2 unenclosed Depth: square feet depth of lot finished grade spaces per unit 150 feet Side Yard: (whichever is 25% (cumulative) lower) for all of total width of residential lot, but no single structures; up to lot should be less 28 feet with than 10% or 5 permit feet (whichever is greater) Rear Yard: 15% of lot depth or 15 feet (whichever is greater) HOUSING ELEMENT SINGLE-FAMILY BEACHFRONT RESIDENTIAL Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Dimension Coverage Limit SF-L 1 acre Width: 30% to 45%, not Front Yard: 24 feet-flat roof 2 enclosed and SF-M 1/2 acre 100 feet to exceed 25,000 20 feet maximum 28 feet—pitched 2 unenclosed Depth: square feet or average of 2 roof spaces per unit 150 feet immediate neighbors (whichever is less) Side Yard: 10% of lot width on each side, with a 3 foot minimum and 5 foot maximum Rear Yard: Determined by the stringline rule MULTIPLE FAMILY NON-BEACHFRONT RESIDENTIAL Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Dimension Coverage Limit MF 6 units/acres; Width: 30% to 45% Front Yard: 18 feet above 2 enclosed and 2 20,000 square 100 feet (25,000 square 20% of total natural or unenclosed feet Depth: feet maximum) depth of lot finished grade spaces for each 150 feet Side Yard: (whichever is dwelling unit and 25% (cumulative) lower) for all 1 guest parking of total width of residential space for each 4 lot, but no single structures: up to units (or fraction lot should be less 28 feet with thereof) than 10% or 5 permit feet (whichever is greater) Rear Yard: 15% of lot depth or 15 feet (whichever is greater) HOUSING ELEMENT MULTIPLE FAMILY BEACHFRONT RESIDENTIAL Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Dimension Coverage Limit MF 1 unit per 1,885 Width: 30% to 45% Front Yard: 24 feet-flat roof 2 enclosed and 2 50 feet square feet or lot (25,000 square 20 feet maximum 28 feet—pitched unenclosed area, not to Depth: feet maximum) or average of 2 roof spaces for each 100 feet exceed 4 units immediate dwelling unit and neighbors 1 guest parking (whichever is space for each 4 less) units (or fraction Side Yard: thereof) 10% of lot width on each side, with a 3 foot minimum and 5 foot maximum Rear Yard: Determined by the stringline rule MOBILE HOME DISTRICT Land Use Minimum Lot Minimum Lot Impermeable Setback1 Height2 Parking Category Size/Density Coverage Limit Dimension N/A MH N/A N/A N/A 18 feet above 2 spaces for each Commercial 5 acres/ Width: 30% to 45% Front Yard: natural or mobile home General 0.30 FAR 300 feet (25,000 square 20% of total finished grade space (incentives in the Depth: feet maximum) depth of lot (whichever is I space for each form of 500 feet Side Yard: lower) for all 200 feet of development 25% (cumulative) residential shopping center; standards of total width of structures; up to I space for every available for 28 feet with lot 225 square feet of affordable Rear Yard: general retail permit housing projects) 15% of lot depth (reduction or 15 feet available for (whichever is affordable greater) housing projects) (reductions available for affordable housing) Source: City of Malibu Interim Zoning Ordinance, June 1993 Notes: For the purpose of calculating yards, slopes equal to or greater than 1:1 shall not be included in the lot dimension. L a All structures must be set back at least 25 feet from the top of a 45 degree angle. For slopes greater than 45 degrees, setback shall be 25 feet b. horizontal as measured from the top of the slope at the end of the 45 degree line commencing at the base of the slope. Where feasible, all structures shall be set back a minimum of 100 feet from any environmentally sensitive area. Beachfront Bluffs: consistent with the stringline rule, structures may extend over a bluff which is 10 feet or less in height, from toe to top. C. Shoreline Bluffs: Structures on non-infill lots shall not extend over a bluff which is greater than 10 feet, but less than 25 feet. Structures on infill lots on shoreline bluff's shall conform to stringline rule. On ridgelines, structures shall be sited a minimum of 100 feet horizontally from and have a roof below the nearest ridgeline. d 2_ Includes satellite dishes. HOUSING ELEMENT Based on an evaluation of residential development standards (setbacks, yards, lot coverage, height), the City has concluded that residential densities permitted under the IZO are achievable, excepting small, odd- shaped, or environmentally constrained, properties (see Assessment of Land Suitable for Residential Devel- opment). Permitting Process Time and cost constraints are placed on housing construction by the development review process. One of the goals of the Planning Department is to process planning applications in a timely manner. Processing times within Malibu are similar to those of other cities that have similar sensitive environments. Permit processing in Malibu require an average of three to four months. Due to geologic and geotechnical conditions in the City, development is subject to geologic and geotechnical reviews. Although the requirement for geological and geotechnical reports can extend the permit process, and thereby raise the cost of residential develop- ment, these reports are necessary to ensure public safety in Malibu. The City does not have a public sewer and as such each project proposed in the City must receive septic approval. The geology review and septic approval are done concurrently with the planning review which shortens the overall processing time for pro- jects. The City of Malibu has prepared and distributed a Development Review Handbook that describes all the procedures and forms necessary for permit approval through the planning department. The handbook de- scribes a process for approving development requests and has several components, the overall zoning clear- ance, which leads to an "Approval-in-Concept" for projects which conform to the Zoning Ordinance, and four sub-procedures, which must be completed within the overall zoning clearance process. The four sub- procedures are: archaeology/cultural resources; biology; geology, including coastal geology; and environ- mental health (septic). An applicant must be "signed-off" by each of these four department before any fur- ther processing can occur. While the applicant is working with the four other departments, Planning Staff will review the project with the standards of the zoning ordinance (setbacks, height, floor area, etc.). Development is subject to standards in the IZO, which is not unlike other cities except for a heightened review of environmental issues. The City's processing time for various permits is consistent with the state's Permit Streamlining Act (PSA). The time necessary to review and process permits, therefore, does not present a delay to development nor create a government constraint. It is the intent of the General Plan to increase the degree of certainty in the development review process without reducing the level of protection afforded to significant environmental features within Malibu. Appendix A gives a comparison of development fees between the City of Malibu and Los Angeles County. Applications that meet the requirements permitted by right of the zoning code re- quire only an administrative zone clearance or plot plan review. This can be granted by staff, without the need for a public hearing before the Planning Commission. Discretionary review for certain modifications (such as an increase in the permitted height, up to 28 feet, or reduction of setback) can be granted by the Planning Director after appropriate notice to affected property owners. Conditional use permits and other discretionary applications are reviewed by the Planning Commis- sion after a duly noticed public. Currently, in addition to permit approval by the City, most projects also require a coastal development per- mit from the California Coastal Commission. This dual permit requirement can add expense and delay. The City intends to seek certification of its local coastal program, which is being developed in conjunction with HOUSING ELEMENT this Plan. The City's procedures are typical of most cities. There is nothing unusual or onerous about the City's notice requirements and the process does not needlessly hinder development. Therefore, this process is not considered a constraint. This dual permit requirement can add expense and delay. Once a decision is final, the applicant will be required to accept any conditions imposed on the project. The applicant will then receive "Approval-in-Concept" and can proceed to Coastal Commission Review and Building Department Plan Check. Once certified, the City will issue coastal development permits as part of its planning review. This will significantly reduce the time and cost involved in obtaining necessary approv- als to develop land in Malibu. The time line for each individual project varies step by step. For example, a simple addition to a house can be approved "over the counter" within 60 days or less. A new single-family residence could require six months to one year for approval, depending on design, location, environmental conditions, and other factors. The Building and Safety Department will depend on the corrections required by the plan checker; this could take up to a month to process. These timelines reflect City permit processing times only. An applicant must also obtain permits from the California Coastal Commission, which can occur concurrently with Building and Safety Department review. The Coastal Commission can also require six months to one year. While the City's permit processing procedures and time do not represent an undue hardship in obtaining de- velopment approval, the combination of local and state required permit procedures can create delays that might adversely affect the financial feasibility of affordable housing. To address this problem, the City has sought opportunities to streamline and conduct concurrent reviews for projects requiring multiple permit approvals. Fees Processing fees for building permits, development review, and infrastructure costs add to the total cost of housing construction, but not necessarily to the price of the finished housing product. The price of the fin- ished product must be an amount the market is willing to pay or the product will not sell. If the cost of the product, including profit exceeds the price which it will bring in the market, the prudent developer will choose not to develop that product at that location unless the additional cost may be absorbed through a re- duction in expected profit. There are several types of fees associated with development in Malibu as set forth in Resolution No. 91-67. Typical types of fees are listed below: Building Permit Fees . Grading Permit Fees ٠ Plumbing Permit Fees . Rehabilitation Processing Fees . Map and Related Document Processing Electrical Permit Fees Mechanical Permit Fees HOUSING ELEMENT Other fees that are typical for projects requiring Planning Department review are as follows: ۰ General Plan Amendment Negative Declaration Site Plan Review . Parcel Map Initial Study . Plot Plan Review . Tract Map . Zoning Ordinance Amendment ٠ The fees required by the City only cover the cost to the City of providing the service(s) for which the fees are imposed. The City does not have the financial resources to subsidize housing by waiving or reducing these fees. Malibu charges a number of permit and development impact fees to cover the cost of processing develop- ment requests, providing public facilities and services to new development, and mitigating the environ- mental impacts of new development. Although these fees are necessary to meet City service and environ- mental standards, they can have a substantial impact on the cost of housing, particularly affordable housing. Table 86 summarizes the various permit and development impact fees charged by the City. Normally, permit fees would have a minimal impact on housing costs because most fees are flat rate charges, not per unit charges, and can be spread over the entire development. For a modest-sized develop- ment proposal, permit fees would typically amount to a few hundred dollars per dwelling unit. Permit fees could have a more substantial impact on small, infill projects that would be typical of most remaining vacant land. Development impact fees have a much larger effect than permit fees on the final cost of a home. Such fees include water and sewer impact and hook-up costs, park fees (in lieu of land dedication), traffic impact fees, and similar charges. Based on the schedule of fees shown in Table 38, these impact fees average about $728,000 for a 5,600 square foot single-family dwelling on in-land property ($130 per square foot, including permit fees) and $1,750,000 for a 7,000 square foot single-family dwelling on beach front property ($250 per square foot, including permit fees). These fees represent between 23 percent and 36 percent of the total cost of a dwelling unit, depending on the dwelling unit type, square footage, number of bedrooms, location, environmental constraints and land development cost. The cost impact of these fees is significant for a typi- cal single-family home due to the location and environmental constraints. The City's development impact fees could be significant for an affordable multifamily housing project, however, if the fees would require additional project funding to make the affordable project "pencil out." HOUSING LITTMENT Table 38 Summary of Malibu Development and Permit Fees Planning Department Fees Residential Plot Plan Review $660 (Minor); $1,365 (Major): $225 (Miscellaneous) Site Plan Review $665 $200 (501-2,000 st); Minor Modification $665 are EIR plus 20% Neighborhood Standards Review $1,240 Variance $1,475 Conditional Use Permit $770 (Minor); $1,885 (Minor) Demolition Permit $285 Miscellaneous Applications $225 Sign Permit $120 (Individual); $1,020 (Alexandre $115 (Minor Modifications) Sour Lemporary) Tentative Parcel Map $2,205 Tentative Tract Map $3,380 Final Parcel Map $460 Final Tract Map $520 are plan plus 20% Lot Line Adjustment $805 Revisions to Tract or Parcel Maps $1,520 Pre-Application $285 $150 Temporary Use Permit 1/2 the fee of the subject application Appeals/Plan Revision Prior to Final Planning Approval Time Extension $190 Determination of Use $200 Specific Plan Consultant cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to prepure plant to the cost to Zoning Ordinance Amendment $1,340 General Plan Amendment $1,475 Archaeology - Geological Trenching $370 Archaeology - Waiver $260 $440 (Minor); $980 (Minor); $90 (Temporary) Archaeology Phase I 20 (Master); Archaeology - Review of Contract Phase I $455 Archaeology Phase II $615 Environmental Review Board Analysis $920 Major) Initial Study $270 Negative Declaration $140 Environmental Impact Report Consultant cost to prepare Like the 20" Final Planning Review $140 (0-500 sf/misc.); $200 (501-2,000 sf): $225 (2,001+sf) Wireless Telecommunications Facilities $870 HOUSING ELEMENT Building and Safety Fees Plan Check $4,316.19 Permit $5,168.23 Electrical $804.75 Mechanical $227.50 Plumbing $579.75 Septic $151.00 Development Impact Fees Geology $625 Geotechnical $625 Health $625 (for all new septic systems) Fire $1,067.04 ($0.1976 per square foot) Public Works $25 School District $9,650 ($1.93 per square foot) Source: City of Malibu, 2000 In addition to the fees for services described above, there are currently two impact fees in the City: Wildland Fire Fee and Quimby Act/Parkland Development Fee. The Wildland Fire Fee was initiated by the Los Ange- les County Fire Department and is the same fee charged by most of the cities and in the unincorporated areas of the County surrounding Malibu. The fee is necessary to assure that adequate fire response equipment and services are available as Malibu is in a high-risk fire zone. The fee is $18 per square foot of new construc- tion. The Quimby Act Fee was first enacted by the County of Los Angeles prior to the City's incorporation and the City added an additional park land fee which applies to new construction other than new subdivi- sions. The Quimby Act Fee is based on the following formula: X = 0.003(UP) Where: X = Local park space obligation in acres; U = Total approved number of dwelling units; P = 3.4 for detached single-family residences; 2.9 for attached single-family (townhouse) residences, two-family residences, and apartment houses contain- ing fewer than five dwelling units; 2.1 for apartment houses containing five or more dwelling units; and 2.0 for mobile homes. The Parkland Development Fee is established as follows: Type of Dwelling Unit Fee (per dwelling unit) Single-family detached dwelling unit $2,073 Attached multifamily dwelling unit (containing less than five $1,770 dwelling units per building) Attached multifamily dwelling unit (containing five or more dwell- $1,318 ing units per building) HOUSING ELEMENT These fees are not unique to Malibu, and they do not exceed the cost of mitigating the direct impacts of de- velopment. Moreover, the City does not have the financial resources to fund such mitigation. Therefore, these fees are not considered a constraint to development. There are currently no other development fees. The City will consider other development fees to mitigate the impacts of development on circulation, trails, and affordable housing. One of the considerations before enacting any new fee would be the effect that the fee would have on the cost of development and, in particular, whether the fee would place an undue burden on the development of affordable housing. In addition to the above-described fees and costs imposed by the City, the California Coastal Commission administers a transfer of development credit program. Operation of the Coastal Commission's TDC Program in Malibu For each new single-family residential parcel which is proposed to be created (above and beyond those par- cels which already exist), an applicant must acquire one transfer of development credit (TDC) from the Coastal Commission. That is, the applicant must demonstrate that the development potential on the equiva- lent of one developable parcel has been extinguished. This is normally done by recording an offer to dedi- cate an open space easement over the subject property. The open space easement prohibits construction of a residence and most other types of development. As implemented by the Coastal Commission, the TDC Program in Malibu is mandatory for applicants who propose to intensify land use through subdivisions or construction of condominiums or rental housing pro- jects. Any property owner may choose not to participate in the program by simply applying for a coastal de- velopment permit for no more than one residential unit on each existing residential parcel. The Commission has recognized several ways to "generate" a TDC (that is to assemble the equivalent of one developable parcel which can then be restricted to open space). For instance, in a small-lot subdivision, a credit will be considered "generated" according to a formula which measures the "buildability" of the site. To qualify property as a TDC generator, site-specific soil studies, percolation tests, and the like are not typi- cally performed due to the often considerable expense which such tests involve. Instead, the formula is based on the criteria of slope, road access and water service, which can be measured without undue expense to the property owner. The number of small lots required to equal one TDC depends on the application of the formula to the lots in question: the more gentle the slope, the greater the credit value of the lots, since a more generous dwelling could be constructed. As an example, one or more lots capable of supporting a small-to-medium sized dwell- ing (one with 1,500 square feet of floor space) are determined to generate one TDC. Where small lots are less suited to development, transfer of development credits may be generated based on their size rather than slope. Thus, the second way of generating a TDC would be based on 500 square feet of "credit" for each lot that has at least 4,000 square feet of area. Three such lots, generating 1,500 square feet of credit, are considered to generate one TDC. A third way to generate TDCs for lots smaller than 4,000 square feet is to assign a value of one TDC for any combination of lots adding up to a total of one acre. The assumption here is that an acre of land, even if steep, can probably accommodate at least a small dwelling. Of course, if the property was determined to be completely unbuildable, no TDCs would be generated, since the whole point of the program is to avoid de- velopment that could otherwise occur. HOUSING ELEMENT However TDCs are considered to be generated, the mechanism by which development potential is extin- guished is recordation of an offer to dedicate an open space easement. In general, the open space easement allows no development as defined by the Coastal Act, except for removal of vegetation which constitutes a fire hazard, installation of underground utility lines or septic systems, passive public recreational use, direc- tional or no-trespassing signs, and fences necessary to protect natural resources and/or private property. Residential use, as a primary use, is not allowed, although some easements allow uses associated with a residence, such as corrals or decks. Such ancillary uses are appropriate where the underlying fee interest in the land is under the ownership of an adjacent homeowner, who can assume the necessary responsibility for payment of property taxes and for weed abatement. In other instances, where other public land holdings are adjacent or nearby, fee ownership of the land is turned over to a public agency, such as the State Parks De- partment. The GSA program limits the size and intensity of residential development through the use of a slope inten- sity/gross structural area formula. This formula provides incentives to develop a single residence on more than one lot, thereby reducing overall density build out in the region. In addition, 394 lots in Malibu Mar Vista, Malibu Vista, Malibu Lake, and Malibu Bowl were retired as of 1998 through the TDC and GSA pro- grams. The impacts of this constraint on housing production may or may not be justified. Once the City has its local coastal plan certified by the Coastal Commission, it will be in the position to modify the TDC and GSA re- quirements so that they do not impose an undue burden on the production of new affordable housing. How- ever, the Coastal Commission's Regional Cumulative Assessment Project (adopted June 1999) recommends that the City consider a TDC program that directs development away from shorefront lots unless those lots are adequately sized to avoid the use of shoreline protective devices. Infrastructure Pacific Coast Highway (PCH)is a four-lane state highway traversing the city from east to west and is the only major arterial within the city. It serves mostly commuters during the weekday peak hours. A significant portion of commuters access the highway from various canyon roads from western Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. In the summer months PCH also serves as a main access route to the beaches along the coast. This results is significant traffic delays on the highway. Major rock falls or landslides also have the potential to block the road for extended periods and isolate the community from essential services. Vehicular accidents and filming activities further reduce the capacity of the roadway segments along PCH. There are no sewer lines in place in the City. The community is currently served by individual septic tanks and small package treatment plants. Lack of a sewer system constrains the amount of development that the City can accommodate. However, because of the hilly landscape and landslide potential, on-site systems are a better solution for sewage treatment than a community sewer. Market Forces Four aspects of market forces determine the cost of housing construction in Malibu: (1) land costs; (2) labor costs; (3) construction costs; and (4) financing rates. The natural resources and location of the City has made Malibu a desirable place to live. Much of the buildable land in Malibu has already been developed. The de- mand for land in Malibu has therefore made land prices considerably more expensive than in the rest of Los Angeles County, Land prices for the year 2000 were estimated through a limited survey of advertised lots and acreage for sale. The price of the land depends on the size, number of potentially developable lots, and HOUSING ELEMENT the location. Land located in the more developed areas generally costs less than the more rural land, with the exception of beachfront property, which is typically some of the most desirable and therefore expensive land. Residential lots and acreage in the City range in price from $25,000 to $6,250,000 with a median price of $285,000. The average price per acre ranges from $6,875 to $1,090,909 with a median price of $31,727. Labor costs have risen due to inflation as a result of unionization of construction. The gradual shift from on- site work to off-site work has helped decrease total labor costs. Nonunion off-site labor and day laborers have alleviated the otherwise steadily rising labor costs. Construction costs have risen ten percent for the past decade. The bulk of this increase has been the result of rising energy costs. Not only have the production costs of lumber, concrete, metals, and other finished goods increased, but shipping costs have risen as well. The City of Malibu's 2000 Environmental and Building Safety Services Fees, give construction costs for a typical 5,000 square foot single-family residence with an attached 400 square foot garage as $116.75 per square foot. Land Costs Land in the City ranges in cost per acre depending on the size of the lot, its location in the City, the avail- ability of infrastructure, amount of slope, and environmental/geological constraint. A listing taken from the LA Times Real Estate section on January 8th, 2001 had 113 listings for vacant land for sale. Lot prices (without dwelling units) range in general from approximately $25,000 to $6,250,000 per lot. The general price per acre ranges from $6,875 to $1,090,909. These prices are based on the number of existing land im- provements on the lot. For example, listings range from $40,000 for 6 acres of unimproved land to $150,000 for 0.4 acres of vacant land with a potential permit for a 1,200 single-family home. The most important, fac- tor in determining the value of the land is its location. If all other factors are equal, the following is true: Beachfront property is the most expensive. (a) Bluff/ocean view property approximately 1/2 mile up from Pacific Coast Highway (far enough to be (b) shielded from traffic generated noise, but easily accessible from the highway) is the next most expen- sive. Land costs per acre are less for properties which have the following characteristics (not necessarily (c) limited to these): 1. Farther distance from Pacific Coast Highway (difficult access); 2. Lack of ocean views; 3. Adjacent to Pacific Coast Highway, but on the land side. The size of the lot is not necessarily as important as the usability of the lot in determining its value. For ex- ample, if the location and all other factors are the same, a one-acre lot which is 100 percent useable is gener- ally more expensive than a four-acre lot, of which only half an acre is useable. Therefore, a 40-acre lot located within one of the canyons and without ocean view may cost far less than a half-acre beachfront lot. Recent properties listed by real estate agencies within the city include a 30-acre property without views, for $249,500. This is compared to a 1.1-acre property with panoramic ocean views listed for $1,200,000. At this cost, the production of housing affordable to low- or moderate-income house- HOUSING ELEMENT holds would be virtually impossible without extremely high densities (higher than environmental conditions would allow) or extremely large subsidies. Financing Financing costs for construction and mortgage loans are important in determining the availability of, and demand for, new housing. Fluctuating and lower interest rates are encouraging potential buyers to purchase new homes. Current financing rates for southland homes for "conforming" ($0 to $252,700) and "jumbo" ($252,700 +) loans for 30- and 15-year fixed VA/FHA loans and an adjustable loan are presented in Table 39. Table 39 Conforming and Jumbo Loans Loan Type Rates Points 30-Year Fixed Loan 7.20 1.892 30-Year Fixed Jumbo Loan 7.625 1.697 30-Year Adjustable Loan 5.048 1.100 30-Year Adjustable Jumbo Loan 5.310 1.263 15-Year Fixed Loan 6.938 1.636 15-Year Fixed Jumbo Loan 7.363 1.792 Source: L.A. Times, October 2000 In general, interest rates are higher for "jumbo loans" (loans greater than $252,700); while the rates have fluctuated dramatically over the past couple of years, it is likely that the rates will remain with the same range as they have for the past two to three years. In general, the costs of financing are less than ten percent of the total cost of most affordable housing projects. Access to Public Facilities and Services Public facilities may be a constraint in two different ways. First, they can limit housing development on land adjacent to existing public facilities. Within the City, roads, schools and utilities are constraints. For exam- ple, many of the City's roads are narrow winding mountain or hillside roads that cannot be widened without creating significant environmental impacts (including loss of unique and sensitive native vegetation and dis- turbance of wildlife habitat). Therefore, there are no significant opportunities to increase access to public facilities for low-income or very low-income families that need to rely on public roads for convenient and safe access. Second, housing must be provided with basic services (streets, water, some type of sewage disposal). All housing developments need adequate facilities to provide for water, waste disposal, electricity, natural gas, schools, parks, and fire and police protection services. Land use and zoning controls ensure that residential developments have access to adequate public facilities. The provisions of roads and police protection are responsibilities of the City. Water services and fire protection are provided by independent districts. The following is a summary of public facilities and services in the City: Transit: The City is currently served by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), which operates an intercity express bus route from Los Angeles to Trancas Canyon Road. Para- HOLSON, DECNENT 365 transit services are also provided in the City. These services are operated by BlueTrans under contract with lers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes the County. Fire Protection: The blied to the State of Seven chains are the state water broken and the (MAD). WMD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the (Currently, there are seven the stations serving the Malibu area. which are staffed withthe Gir high besome should be a staffed withthe services is assessed accord- ing to standards of realephone service, Cable tralevision, any other markens are represented for type and intensity of Lesiquidary stations. The Southern California Gas Company provides natural gas. Ge Police Services: The City is served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. The sheriff operates a station in the Lost Hite Goodstative [Apparta] National Transfer 1991 the County closed the station in the Civic Center. Police protection ratus a coolerative lending relationship het better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better bet secluded orientationamits through a comit the Chrothe dibrary its 16.530 square feet and holds over 6 isnal insbection from major Reader's Advisory. The Malibu Branch Library serves a population of 20,282 pe Schools: The elementary comparing the class come in Malipn are nearing capacity due to be bridge the control of the malipudation of the class of the control of the class of the control of the control of the class of the co tion increases. There are three elementary schools and one high school in Malibu: Malibu High. Point Dume Marine Science Mallips ազգայությունը արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արան schools in Malibu, a jew Canyou Road, Mestlake Willage Melicoptes in evolution used during peak perio Hosbitals: Luc Cità (1950) (1951) (1953) Le Conte Avenue in Los Angeles, and Westlake Hospital lo Malibu. Santa Monica and minica at a minica and other plan bear points of California for When of between 4.5 and over 25 miles from Malibu of the hospital can take a hospital plan planting of the control of the hospital ca at 4412 South PakerK-6. Our Lady of Malbutand Colin McRiven High School, ascending being being to reduce travel times. In Caprillo Elementary, and Webster Elementary, the addition there are two page of services offered. are three elementary schools and one high school in Malibu: Malibu High, Point I ubstantially since 1980. The classrooms in Malibu are nearing capacity due to po Libraries: The Los Acq School District an indebchden accuss governed by a Board of Trastecs. Et only library facility serving and middle high school district in Manibu are served by the foint vices and materials; audio and audio cassettes; and a Manager to adverse. The Mulibu Brunch Library serves a population of 20,282 persons from 7,506 housing half many residential heighborhoods brovide little or no obbortantive for regardated from 1,506 housing half many residential heighborhoods. books. The library ruon in the City-is hambered by the length of the City and its relatively low-density below. through the South Stalls area north of the City, in September 1991 the County closed the station in the Electrical Service: The pointeen Captoring Papers Combined bearings referring have beinged sta-City is served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. The sheriff opera tions and three secosuses stations. The Southern Culifornia Gas Company provides natural gas, General Telephone provides telephone service. Cable television, an information and entertainment source for resi- dents in most areas of the City, is presently provided by Falcon Cable. Water: Water is supplied to the City by County Waterworks District No. 29 from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). MWD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the Colo- rado River. Wholesalers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes Mu- HOUSING ELEMENT nicipal Water District and the West Basin Municipal Water District. These wholesalers distribute to three retailers which include the Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 29, Silvas Park Mutual Water Company, and Las Virgenes Metro Water District. Many of the City's water mains and tanks have been identified by the City and by Waterworks District No. 29 as severely undersized. District No. 29 estimates it may cost $100,000,000 to upgrade the City's water system to current minimum standards. There are also a number of private wells that supply water within the City. However, the utilization of wells as a source of potable water has steadily declined since 1965, when water became available through MWD. Although the amount of water supplied by these wells is now considered to be insignificant, they are sources of inexpensive water for agricultural and other interests that are located too far from piped water service. Sewers: Municipal sewer service is available only to the far eastern end of the City. There are five small, package sewage treatment plants within the city: the Latigo Bay Shores, Point Dume, Trancas Canyon, Malibu Mesa and Maison de Ville. Hughes Research Laboratory operates their own facilities and Pepperdine University is served by the Malibu Mesa Plant. These plants are described in more detail in the Williams & Warshall report, "The Malibu Wastewater Management Study" (March 1992). Most wastewater is treated on-site. Improperly maintained septic systems have caused alleged health and safety problems, but with adequate area for leaching fields or regular disposal septic systems can be safely operated in almost all areas of the City. The "Malibu Wastewater Management Study" (Williams & Mar- shall 1992) recommends programs for ensuring that septic systems are properly engineered, installed, and maintained. Details of the hazards associated with the systems are described in the Background Report to the Safety Element of the General Plan. Solid Waste: Solid waste disposal in Malibu is presently handled by four private hauling companies, one of which is under contract to service the Los Angeles County/Malibu Garbage Disposal District. All four haul- ers deliver solid waste to the Calabasas Landfill. The Calabasas Landfill is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Sanitation District and services Malibu as one of many regional sources. The landfill is presently scheduled for closure in 2015 and as of 1990, has a remaining capacity of 12 million tons of waste yielding a projection that the landfill will accommodate an average of 500,000 tons of waste each year dur- ing that period. Malibu contributes less that ten percent of that amount. Based on the 1992 Preliminary Draft Source Reduction and Recycling Element for the City, there were 38,750 tons of waste disposed from Malibu residents and businesses in 1991. A complete discussion of the existing community services is found within the Circulation and Infrastructure Element of the General Plan. Land development generally follows the areas that are provided with infrastructure and utilities. This allows development to proceed in an orderly and economical manner. 7.2.12 Energy Conservation Section 65583(a)(7) of the Government Code requires an analysis of opportunities for energy conservation in residential developments. According to the Department of Housing and Community Development, the purpose of this analysis is to show that the locality must consider how energy conservation might be achieved in residential development and how energy conservation requirements may contribute to the af- fordability of units. HOUSING ELEMENT Following are examples of local policies, plans, and development standards that have been successful in re- ducing energy conservation standards: ۰ Active constructive enforcement by local building officials of existing state residential energy conser- vation standards; ۰ Standards for street width, landscaping of streets, and parking lots to reduce heat loss or provide shade; and Standards for energy efficient retrofit to be met prior to resale of homes. . Many residents of Malibu do not have regular working hours and, in fact, many residents work out of their homes ("telecommuting" to work). Telecommuting provides several tangible benefits, including reducing traffic on the City's constrained circulation system and reducing vehicle emissions. The City enforces Title 24 of the State Building Code that establishes energy standards. However, energy costs do continue to rise, resulting in the rise of operating cost of housing units in direct proportion to its energy requirements. In a mild climate such as Malibu, energy costs are lower than those in places such as desert or mountain areas, however, energy costs can still add substantially to the cost of housing. Reducing the need for energy resources on a per unit basis will have a long-term effect of lowering the operating cost of housing and decreasing the energy needs of the City. The City's General Plan (Conservation Element and Land Use Element) includes specific goals, objectives, and policies to encourage energy conservation. While activities during construction expend different forms of energy, the greatest amount of energy con- sumption is in natural gas and electricity used to maintain the individual housing units. There are several opportunities for energy conservation both during and after construction. Mechanical systems and mainte- nance practices may be improved to decrease energy costs. Building orientation and shapes, landscaping, glazing, surface materials, and insulation can be designed to minimize the energy requirements of structures. - 6 HOUSING ELEMENT 7.3 General Plan Consistency 7.3.1 Purpose and Scope State law requires that Housing Elements contain a statement of "the means by which consistency will be achieved with other general plan elements and community goals" (California Government Code, Section 65583[c][6][13]). There are two aspects of this analysis: (1) an identification of other General Plan goals, policies, and programs that could affect implementation of the Housing Element or that could be affected by the implementation of the Housing Element, and (2) an identification of actions to ensure consistency be- tween the Housing Element and affected parts of other General Plan elements. 7.3.2 Goals and Policies The 1995 General Plan contains several elements with policies related to housing. Policies and the means for achieving consistency are summarized in the table below. SUMMARY OF GENERAL PLAN GOALS AND POLICIES AFFECTING HOUSING General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Land Use Element LU 1.1.1 This policy ensures that only land uses compatible with the natural environment shall be permitted for development. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development. The Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 1.1.4 This policy seeks to preserve the rural residential character of Malibu. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 1.3.1-3 These policies require land uses to be consistent with flood, geologic, and fire safety requirements. Since existing building permitting procedures require the analysis of the development in comparison to these requirements, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU. 1.4.1-5 These policies require that new development be consistent with the preservation of the natural topography and the protection of viewsheds. Visual impacts of hillside development shall be minimized and ridgelines, topographic features, hillsides, and natural drainage courses shall be protected. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, and permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU 2.2.1 and 2.2.3 These policies require the consistency of new development with the efficient operation of the traffic and infrastructure service systems to maintain adequate capacity to serve all residents. The City requires adequate infrastructure as a condition of proposed development approval. In addition, the City only permits development that is consistent with the capital improvement plan and economic health of the City. Since permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. HOUSING ELEMENT General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Land Use Element LU 2.3.1-2 These policies seek to maintain the appropriate scale and context of new developments. The unique character of the City's existing neighborhoods should be maintained. The City discourages "mansionization" through the use of height, bulk, and square footage limits for all new and remodeled single-family residences. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the extent of new housing development in size and amenities. The Housing Element will not conflict with these policies as the current size requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 2.4.1 and 2.4.3 These policies are directed toward development within western Malibu and require that vistas and large open space areas be preserved to maintain the rural atmosphere. In addition, the City encourages the maintenance of large lots and through residential and compatible agricultural uses. Because existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU 4.4.4 This policy permits commercial uses such as home offices, art studios, family day care facilities, equestrian, and other uses in residential areas if they do not substantially diminish the quiet rural residential character of the area. Implementation Measure 6 of the Housing Element encourages mixed usage where appropriate. Open Space and OS 1.2.2 This policy encourages clustering of development to preserve large blocks of Recreation Element open space if the clustering does not create an urban development pattern in a rural area. This policy is similar to the density bonus policies of the Housing Element (Measure 4). Open Space and OS 3.3.2 This policy seeks to balance public access to open space and park lands with the Recreation Element privacy and property interests of abutting property owners. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with this policy. Conservation Element CON 1.3.9 This policy requires the use of setbacks on beachfront property that is subject to beach erosion. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development. The Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current setback requirements would be maintained. Conservation Element CON 2.1.3 Through this policy, the City provides incentives to property owners of historical structures to encourage preservation of designated cultural resources. The Housing Element does not conflict with this policy as the current incentives will be maintained. Conservation Element CON 3.1.2 and 3.1.4 These policies encourage the use of state-of-the-art energy efficiency standards for all new construction design and encourages the use of solar and other non- polluting, renewable energy sources. The Housing Element encourages energy conservation in housing and is consistent with Conservation Element policies. Conservation Element CON 4.1.3-7 These policies encourage water conservation design measures in residential, commercial, and industrial development, including the use of water efficient low flow fixtures, drought resistant landscaping, and the use of reclaimed and grey water systems. The Housing Element does not conflict with these policies as the current water efficiency requirements will be maintained. HOUSING ELEMENT General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Safety and Health S 1.2.1-4 The City requires development to provide analysis of site safety related to Element potential geologic safety hazards including earthquake fault rupture, liquefaction, expansive soils, erosion, tsunamis, and flooding. Since permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Noise Element N 1.1.1-2 These policies ensure that noise sensitive land uses will be protected from negative impacts of noise generating uses. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Noise Element N 1.1.5 This policy encourages new construction and remodels to utilize designs and materials that reduce exposure to noise sources. The Housing Element does not conflict with this policy as the current building code requirements will be maintained. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.4 Evaluation of the Previous Housing Element 7.4.1 Purpose and Scope State law (California Government Code Section 65588 [a]) requires each local government to review its housing element as frequently as appropriate to evaluate all of the following: (1) The appropriateness of the housing goals, objectives, and policies in contributing to the attainment of the state housing goal; (2) The effectiveness of the housing element in attainment of the community's housing goals and objectives; and (3) The progress of the City, County, or City and County in implementation of the housing element. 7.4.2 Housing Element Programs and Achievements The following table summarizes the City's achievements under the previous Housing Element, the effec- tiveness of those programs, and the appropriateness of the programs for the updated Housing Element. PROGRAM OBJECTIVE ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Work with property owners and developers to 6-8 units One of the projects in the City, Rancho Malibu encourage development of the amount and type of Hotel, has been conditioned to provide a low income housing that accomplishes the community's goals. housing study as part of their approval. The study including negotiating development agreements in will identify the affordable housing needs generated which providing deed restricted affordable by employment at the Hotel and potential solutions housing serves as part of the public benefit to meeting that need. The City will require that justifying the agreement. affordable housing be included in the development or that the developer contribute to an affordable fund. 2. Evaluate all General Plan amendment requests in No net loss of units As part of the City's process for evaluating proposed light of overall impact on distribution of densities. General Plan amendments, the City has ensured that especially on higher density zoning. there has been no net loss of land zoned for higher density multifamily use. To date, no General Plan amendments have resulted in a loss of higher density residentially-zoned land. 3. Develop and maintain a handbook for public Not applicable The City has prepared this handbook and distributed distribution setting forth how to apply for housing it to the public. This workbook provides valuable development in the City and summarizing the information to applicants in completing the permit basic development criteria for different zones. process in the most efficient manner possible. 4. Develop a density bonus system consistent with 3-4 units No density bonus units have been approved because State law in which density on a project site may there has been no developer interest in using the be increased by 25 percent where units are deed density bonus program. Property values are so high restricted for either (a) 20 percent for low-income in Malibu that a for-profit developer has little or no families, (b) ten percent for very-low income incentive for proposed residential developments with families or (c) 50 percent for seniors. The City affordable units to receive a density bonus. Even shall encourage its use in areas where hazards nonprofit developers that might be interested in this such as flooding, fires, earthquakes and option have not proposed affordable housing projects liquefaction do not pose unreasonable risks. in Malibu because of high land and development costs. When appropriate, the City will continue to use the development agreement process to require residential or commercial development to include affordable housing units (see Program 1 above). In exchange for providing affordable housing units, the City will offer density bonuses and other regulatory or financial incentives. HOUSING ELEMENT 5. Permit residential care facilities for seniors and 10 units Article IX Chapter 9.2.60 Community Commercial similar innovative alternative living projects in (CC) allows Residential Care facilities for the elderly commercial areas where such projects would be with a Conditional Use Permit. compatible with the surrounding uses. 6. Permit structures and projects with commercial 60 units No proposals for affordable housing in the uses and affordable residential units in commercial CG zone have been submitted to the commercial general (CG) zones. Floor area City. dedicated to very low-, low-, or moderate-income housing will be permitted a density bonus up to .05 over the maximum intensity permitted within commercial general zones. 7. Expedite permit processing, waive fees where 268 rebuilt homes The City did expedite permit processing and waive appropriate and provide special assistance to fees where appropriate to assist in the rapid homeowners seeking to rebuild homes burned in rebuilding of fire and storm damaged homes. fire, damaged in flood or other disaster, 8. Use Bluffs Park and Point Dume Community Not applicable The City has used these facilities as necessary as Center as Red Cross Emergency shelters and open emergency centers during periods of natural whatever City buildings are necessary and disasters. appropriate to provide displaced residents shelter after a disaster. 9. Make emergency shelters and transitional housing None provided Article IX Chapter 9.2.60 Community Commercial a permitted or conditionally permitted use in (CC), under 9.2.61. Permitted Uses allows mobile appropriate zones. homes for residential occupancy by property owner for a period of not more than two consecutive years where the property owner's primary residence is destroyed or uninhabitable as a result of landslide, fire, or other natural disaster. The mobile homes shall comply with all applicable building codes for residential occupancy. 10. Continue to enforce State's barrier-free policies Not applicable The City reviews plans and inspects buildings for and provide complaint referral services to compliance with ADA and other accessibility Department of Fair Employment and Housing requirements. No requests have been made for (DFEH). referrals to DFEH. 11. Streamline permit process and building Not applicable The City has provided expedited permit processing inspections to reduce the cost of building housing and provided one-stop permit service to facilitate the that accommodates those with special needs by construction of accessibility modifications that are providing one-stop service for ministerial permit handled administratively. approvals. 12. Monitor the supply of new housing provided as Not applicable No new affordable housing has been proposed or affordable to very low-, low- and moderate- constructed in Malibu since the adoption of the 1995 income persons, including but not limited to, Housing Element, With extremely high housing costs mobile homes and second units on existing and limited land for residential development, there residential lots. have not been any proposals for housing developments that are affordable to low- or moderate-income households. This program should be continued since the City expects to implement several programs that could result in the creation of new affordable housing. The City is in the process of adopting new standards for second units and will monitor these units. To date, the City has not documented or monitored existing second units, particularly those created prior to incorporation or adoption of the interim Zoning Ordinance. HOUSING ELEMENT 13. Require new commercial and industrial 5 units Rancho Malibu Hotel project has been conditioned to development to mitigate its effect on affordable provide a low-income study. (See Program 1.) housing in Malibu by either providing an adequate number of affordable housing units to meet the new demand for such housing created by the project or pay an in-lieu fee. The fee shall be deposited in the City's affordable housing fund and be used for programs that purchase or subsidize housing units or mobile home park spaces to make them available at an affordable price to very low-, low- and moderate-income families. 14. Provide information and referral service to assist Not applicable The City received two requests for referrals and very low-, low- and moderate-income persons and referred the individuals to programs available families, elderly, and handicapped in finding through Los Angeles County and HUD, Because suitable housing at affordable cost. affordable housing opportunities are limited in Malibu, the City does not frequently receive inquiries regarding the availability of such housing. Nevertheless, as the City becomes more active in implementing affordable housing programs, it is expected that inquiries and referrals may become a more important service. Therefore, this program should be continued. Explore financing, such as a rent subsidy program 5-10 units This program is ongoing and is available to anyone using CDBG funds, to develop affordable housing who qualifies. Thus far only one applicant has in existing multifamily projects and mobile home qualified. parks. 16. Encourage the adaptive re-use of commercial 3 units The City has adopted zoning provisions to encourage buildings to residential use by allowing increased the adaptive re-use of commercial buildings, but no density where new housing units are created in proposals have been submitted for housing. Since existing structures and in proportion to the property values are so high in Malibu, it is unlikely number of new units which are deed-restricted for that an adaptive re-use project would be financially very low-, low- or moderate-income families and, feasible unless the price/rent per square foot were where necessary, by decreasing the minimum similar to those that could be achieved for number of parking spaces required for each unit commercial use. The City will explore options for restricted for seniors. regulatory or financial incentives that could reduce the cost of an adaptive re-use project that includes affordable housing units. 17. Establish a program to promote the expeditious Dependent on No affordable housing projects have been proposed processing of residential projects which qualify developer response that would qualify for density bonuses. See Program for a density bonus under Government Code 19 regarding City efforts to provide greater Section 65915, as may be amended from time to incentives for affordable housing. time or, applicable state law. 18. Allow "granny flats" consistent with Government 5 units The City has received one request for a granny flat Code Section 65852.1 and adjust the parking that is currently before the Coastal Commission for requirement for units restricted to serve senior approval. No additional parking has been required. citizens. This program has not been used very often, due in part to coastal permitting requirements. Nevertheless, the City believes that granny flats and other types of second units are a viable housing alternative and a potential affordable housing resource that should be encouraged. The City will take active steps to promote the use of second units as a housing alternative. HOUSING ELEMENT 19. Offer incentives to developers willing to provide Not applicable No affordable housing proposals have been affordable housing to low- and very low- income submitted. There are few vacant sites in the City on families. A minimum of 30 year affordability which residential developments could provide shall be required to receive any incentive. Any affordable housing and obtain density bonuses. Land developer who receives approval to use any costs make it unlikely that a density bonus, even if incentive shall be required to screen initial tenants combined with other regulatory incentives would or buyers for compliance with income group provide enough of a financial inducement for a limits and establish a monitoring system to ensure developer to provide affordable housing. The City the unit's continued affordability. The incentives has modified its housing programs to intensify efforts may include but are not limited to the following: to obtain funding that could be used to subsidize (1) reduction in setback requirements, reduction in affordable housing in Malibu and make a density ratio of vehicle parking spaces to housing units, bonus project financially feasible. An affordable and increase of square footage maximum, where housing in-lieu fee is one potential funding source such modification would not conflict with the the City could use to help subsidize affordable building standards in the building code or have a housing projects. significant adverse impact on public health and safety; (2) priority processing of planning approvals and building permits; (3) direct financial aid including CDBG funding, subsidize infrastructure, or contribution from the City's affordable housing trust fund. 20. Investigate and, if it can be designed in a manner 10 units The City has not established an inclusionary housing that does not create an undue burden of housing program. Given the available land in the City and the production, develop an inclusionary housing cost of development, it is unlikely that an across-the- program which requires new subdivisions of five board inclusionary program will be practical in or more units/lots to deed restrict 20 percent of Malibu. Instead, the City will negotiate individual new units for very low-, low- and moderate- opportunities to include affordable housing new income residents. The program shall include development through developer agreements. (See provisions such that, where it is infeasible to Program 1.) provide the inclusionary units on-site, the subdivider may elect to provide the units off-site or pay a fee in lieu of constructing units. In-lieu fees shall be deposited into an affordable housing trust fund to be used to purchase existing units or mobile home spaces for use as affordable housing 21. Permit second units and allow reductions in the 5 units The City is in the process of studying options for parking standards for second units which are new second unit standards. The revised Housing restricted for rent by very low-, low- and Element includes a schedule for completing this moderate-income families where the modification study and adopting new standards. would not have a significant adverse impact on traffic and parking in the particular neighborhood where the modification is desired. Work with Los Angeles County Housing 3-5 vouchers The City does not administer the voucher program, Authority to obtain Section 8/Vouchers for City and has no substantive influence over its distribution residents. in the County. This program should be discontinued. 23. Participate in Los Angeles County Community Not applicable The City does not have the financial or managerial Development Commission housing programs such capacity to directly administer a mortgage revenue as the Mortgage Credit Certificate Program for bond or credit certification program. These programs first-time homebuyers. are valuable tools, however, for assisting low- or moderate-income households in becoming homeowners. Malibu will continue to participate in countywide programs when funding is available. Given the extremely high housing costs in the City. however, the dwelling units that could likely qualify HOUSING ELEMENT for financing would be ones assisted under a density bonus, or other programs in which prices are specifically set at levels affordable to low-income households. Maintain a mobile home park rent stabilization No net loss of units The City has adopted a rent stabilization ordinance. ordinance that regulates maximum allowable rents and limits rent increases. 25. Pursuant to the provisions of Government Code Not applicable The City regulates the conversion of mobile home Section 65863.7, require the submittal of a report parks and, to date, no parks have been converted to detailing the impacts of any proposed mobile other uses. home park conversion to a nonresidential use concurrent with the filing of any discretionary permit on such property and impose reasonable mitigation measures upon the park owners. 26. Establish a housing conservation program and Not applicable The City has established a housing rehabilitation provide incentives to rehabilitate existing housing. program to assist low-income households in such as permit fee waivers for those units deed maintaining their properties (see Program 27 below). restricted for rent or sale as affordable to very low-, low- and moderate-income families. 27. In accordance with Government Code Section No net loss of units No dwelling units occupied by low-income 65590, require the replacement of affordable units households have been removed in the coastal zone. removed (either by demolition or conversion) from the coastal zone whenever feasible. Implement an incentive program to bring 47 units rehabilitated The City has been able to assist one household in substandard housing into compliance, including rehabilitating a dwelling unit. The level of funding establishing a rehabilitation assistance program available to the City has not made it possible to assist and permit streamlining process. additional households. The City hopes to have additional funding available to assist a greater number of households over the next five years. Provide incentives (such as rehabilitation Not applicable The City has assisted property owners whose homes assistance, fee waivers and permit streamlining) have been damaged or destroyed by natural disasters for the repair, restoration, and/or reconstruction of through CDBG funding and referrals to FEMA. existing, affordable housing units which are impacted by natural disaster or condemnation, especially units which accommodate very low-, low- and moderate-income households, elderly, disabled, large families, single heads of households, farm workers, those in need of emergency shelter, and other individuals or household types with special needs, except if those units are located in areas physically unsuitable for development. 30. Implement and encourage participation in the Not applicable I person has qualified. CDBG housing rehabilitation programs including the California HOME Program. 31. Establish a voluntary amnesty and legalization 5 units The City did not establish an amnesty program due to program for existing housing units in the City other staff priorities and the lack of sufficient staff where (1) the unit is "livable" and meets basic time. Planning Department staff are currently health and safety requirements; (2) the unit working on proposed criteria for an amnesty program existed at the time of the City's incorporation; and that will be submitted to the City Council for (3) the unit is restricted for owner-occupancy or consideration in the Summer of 2001. rental by very low-, low- or moderate-income persons at an affordable rate. HOUSING ELEMENT 32. Explore the possibility of cooperative agreements Not applicable City is a signatory to the Master Mutual Aid with agencies and other levels of government to Agreement statewide. provide emergency shelter. 33. Enter into an agreement with Los Angeles County Not applicable The City entered into such an agreement due to a Housing Authority or other appropriate agencies shortage of staff resources. This is still a priority of to operate a Fair Housing Program encompassing the City and this action will thus be implemented as investigation of discrimination complaints, part of the updated Housing Element. research on housing discrimination related issues, and public information about the rights and responsibilities of land owners and tenants. Promote availability of the program through the use of pamphlets and public bulletin board on community television. 34. Work with SCAG to encourage an appropriate fair Not applicable The City worked with SCAG in the development of share allocation of regional housing demands the current RHNA numbers. based on population need, existing supply/demand, ability to accommodate growth given the physical/environmental constraints, and the jobs-to-housing ratio. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.5 Efforts to Achieve Public Participation 7.5.1 Purpose State law (California Government Code 65583[c][6][B]) requires the City of Malibu to make a diligent ef- fort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the housing element. Efforts to achieve public participation must be described in the Housing Element. 7.5.2 Encouragement of Public Participation According to guidelines adopted by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), an effective public participation process should begin at the outset of the housing element process. Members of the community should be involved in each part of the preparing or updating the Housing Ele- ment, from evaluating past achievements to establishing or modifying goals, policies, and programs. The Department's guidelines recommend that communities do more than hold required public hearings to in- volve the public. Examples of additional efforts include: 1. Establishment of a housing task force or advisory committee comprised of diverse members of the public at large and/or representatives of organizations with an interest in housing issues. 2. Advertising and outreach campaigns targeted to individuals and organizations that address the needs of minority, low-income, and special needs groups. 3. Distribution of public information and housing element documents in languages other than English if a substantial percentage of the local population is not English proficient. 4. Use of a variety of media (such as web sites, local access cable television, and public service an- nouncements) to reach the largest possible audience as frequently as possible. To meet the intent and requirements of state law, the City of Malibu has undertaken the following public outreach efforts related to the Housing Element update: In addition, the City conducted a workshop before the Planning Commission on October 16, 2000 to explain the update process and key issues that will be considered in the update. The workshop was publicized by Malibu Surfside News, and was broadcast on the local public access cable television station. The City also conducted public hearings before the Planning Commission and City Council on the draft Housing Element on November 20, 2000 and November 27, 2000 and before the City Council on the final draft Housing Element (containing revisions in response to HCD comments) on November 11, 2000. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.6 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Implementation Measures 7.6.1 Overview The quantified objectives are estimates based on a reasonably predicted response to the programs in view of all available information. There are many factors and constraints outside the City's control that may influ- ence the actual response. These estimates represent the City's best effort to quantify potential results. The following outlines Malibu's proposed program to ensure that an adequate amount of housing is provided over the life of the Element to accommodate its fair share of regional housing needs and to ensure that ade- quate housing opportunities are available to all economic segments of the community. 7.6.2 H GOAL: ADEQUATE HOUSING FOR EXISTING AND PROJECTED NEEDS OF ALL ECONOMIC SEGMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY. H OBJECTIVE 1.1: ALL RESIDENTS, INCLUDING THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS, HAVE ACCESS TO DECENT, SAFE, AND SANITARY HOUSING THAT IS AVAILABLE AND AFFORDABLE. H Policy 1.1.1: Foster a mix of housing types. H Policy 1.1.2: Encourage new housing to meet housing needs based on the ability to provide public services and within the limits of Malibu's environmental constraints. H Policy 1.1.3: Identify adequate sites for 14 new housing units by the year 2005, 2 of which would be affordable to very low-income families, 2 of which would be affordable to low-income families, 2 of which would be affordable to moderate-income families and 8 of which would accommodate those families above the moderate- income level. H Policy 1.1.4: Implement programs to respond, facilitate and expedite the rebuilding of homes damaged or destroyed by natural disasters. H Policy 1.1.5: Continue to cooperate with neighboring communities to implement regional solu- tions to homelessness. H Policy 1.1.6: Continue to provide temporary emergency shelter in response to disasters. To implement these policies the City will: H Implementation Measure 1: Provide appropriate incentives to encourage the development of housing to meet low- and moderate-income needs. Such incentives may include density bonuses (see H Implementation Measure 4), permit fee waivers or deferrals, development agreements that serve as part of the public benefit justifying the agreement, and assistance in accessing state or federal funding. The City may also approve alternative standards for parking on a case-by-case basis if necessary to achieve a density necessary for the financial feasibility of low- or moderate-income housing. Responsible Department: Planning Department/City Manager Funding source: General fund Timeframe: 2005 Objective: 6 units HOUSING ELEMENT H Implementation Measure 2: Evaluate all General Plan amendment requests for their potential impact on the availability of land at higher zoning density that could potentially accommodate affordable housing. The purpose of this evaluation is to maintain an adequate supply of higher density zoned land to meet low- and moderate-income housing needs. Responsible Department: Planning Department Funding source: Permit fees Timeframe: On-going Objective: No net loss of land zoned for multifamily use H Implementation Measure 3: Develop and maintain, and periodically update, a handbook for public dis- tribution setting forth how to apply for housing development in the City and summarizing the basic devel- opment criteria for different zones. Responsible Department: Planning Department Funding source: General fund/permit fees Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 4: Continue to implement a density bonus system, consistent with State law, in which density on a project site designated for multifamily uses may be increased. A density increase of 25 percent over the base density shall be allowed when the project provides at least one of the following: (a) 20 percent for low-income families, (b) 10 percent for very low-income families or (c) 50 percent for seniors. A minimum of 30-year affordability will be required to receive any incentive. Any developer who receives approval to use this incentive will be required to screen initial tenants or buyers for compliance with income group limits and establish a monitoring system to ensure the unit's continued affordability. The City will encourage its use in areas where hazards such as flooding, fires, earthquakes and liquefaction do not pose unreasonable risks. Incentives may include, but will not be limited to: (1) 20 percent reduction in setback requirements in addition to minor modification setback reduction, if applicable; (2) 20 percent reduction in ratio of vehicle parking spaces required for housing units; Priority processing of planning approvals and building permits; (2) Direct financial aid, including CDBG funding, subsidization of infrastructure, or contribution from (3) City's affordable housing trust fund; and (4) Expedited permit processing consisting of simultaneous review and processing of multiple permit ap- provals. Responsible Department: Planning Department Funding source: General fund/fees Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: 5 units HOUSING ELEMENT H Implementation Measure 5: Permit residential care facilities for seniors and disabled individuals and similar innovative alternative living projects in commercial areas where such projects would be compatible with the surrounding uses. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: 5 units H Implementation Measure 6: Continue to permit mixed-use structures and developments consisting of commercial uses and affordable residential units in commercial general (CG) zones. Floor area dedicated to very low-, low-, or moderate-income housing will be permitted a density bonus up to .05 over the maximum intensity permitted within commercial general zones. Projects that provided deed-restricted very low in- come, low income or senior housing will also be permitted a density bonus up to .05 over the maximum in- tensity permitted within Commercial General zones for that portion of the project dedicated to commercial uses. This incentive is in addition to the 25% density bonus for the residential portion of a project allowed under H Implementation Measure 4. The amount of bonus density for the commercial uses shall be directly related to the amount and type of affordable units provided. Any developer who received approval to use these incentives shall be required to screen initial tenants or buyers for compliance with income group limits and establish a monitoring system to ensure the unit's continued affordability. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund/CDBG Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: 20 units H Implementation Measure 7: Expedite permit processing and waive fees where appropriate for home- owners seeking to rebuild their dwelling units damaged or destroyed by natural or other disasters. Responsible Department: City Council/Building Department Funding source: General Fund/FEMA/OES Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Rebuilding of all damaged homes H Implementation Measure 8: Use Bluffs Park and Point Dume Community Centers as a Red Cross Emer- gency shelters and open other municipal City buildings as needed and appropriate to provide displaced resi- dents with temporary shelter after a disaster. Continue to allow emergency shelters and transitional housing, other than the smaller facilities already permitted in residential areas, as permitted or conditionally permitted use where such projects would be compatible with the surrounding uses. In addition, the City will amend the IZO to designate specific commercial zones in which emergency shelters or transitional housing will be permitted and specify incentives that may be offered to allow to mitigate the impacts of zoning standards on the feasibility of such uses. Incentives that will be considered by the City include, but are not limited to, di- rect financial assistance through the use of CDBG funds, a reduction in the open space requirements or park- ing standards (if these can be accomplished within the overall intent of the IZO), and waiver or reduction in permit fees. HOUSING ELEMENT Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund, CDBG Timeframe: Staff to prepare recommended zoning code amendment by December 2001 City Council to adopt by June 2002. Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 9: Designate additional sites on which mobile home parks will be permitted subject to development standards in the IZO. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General fund Timeframe: Staff to prepare recommended zoning code amendment by December 2001 City Council to adopt by June 2002. Objective: Identify at least one additional site suitable for a mobile home park H OBJECTIVE 2.1: EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL RESIDENTS TO LIVE IN HOUSING OF THEIR CHOICE. H Policy 2.1.1: The City shall encourage a variety of types of housing, including housing for those with special needs such as the disabled, elderly, large families, and families with single heads of households. H Policy 2.1.2: The City shall support the enforcement of existing prohibition of local, state, and federal housing anti-discrimination laws. To implement these policies the City shall: H Implementation Measure 10: Continue to enforce the State's barrier-free policies and provide complaint referral services to the Los Angeles County Department of Community Development/Housing Authority or the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing, as appropriate. The City has designated an in- dividual at City Hall to handle fair housing complaints, provide appropriate information regarding fair hous- ing laws, and refer complaints to the County or DFEH, depending on the nature of the complaint. Responsible Department: Building Department/Code Enforcement Funding source: Permit fees/seek additional revenue sources Timeframe: Current and on going Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 11: Continue to implement a streamlined permit process and building inspec- tions to reduce the cost of building housing that accommodates those with special needs by providing one- stop service for ministerial permit approvals. Responsible Department: Building Department Funding source: Permit fees/seek additional revenue sources Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable HOUSING ELEMENT H OBJECTIVE 3.1: AVAILABLE AFFORDABLE HOUSING. H Policy 3.1.1: The City shall promote the adaptation of existing structures to meet the City's af- fordable housing needs. H Policy 3.1.2: The City shall permit affordable housing units in commercial general zones mixed-use projects as a means of meeting the City's affordable housing goals. H Policy 3.1.3: The City shall regulate space rents in mobile home parks to conserve affordable housing. H Policy 3.1.4: The City shall provide information to very low-, low-, and moderate-income families regarding affordable housing opportunities in or near Malibu. To implement these policies the City shall: H Implementation Measure 12: Monitor the supply of new housing provided as affordable to very low-, low-, or moderate-income persons, including but not limited to mobile homes and second units on existing residential lots. Responsible Department: Planning Department Funding source: General fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 13: Require new commercial and industrial developments, particularly those employing low- and moderate-income workers, to mitigate the impact of employment on housing demand in Malibu by either providing an adequate number of affordable housing units to meet the new demand for such housing created by the project or pay an in-lieu fee to be deposited into a Housing Trust Fund. The fee shall be used for programs that purchase or subsidize housing units or mobile home park spaces to make them available at an affordable price to very low-, low- and moderate-income families. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: 5 units H Implementation Measure 14: Provide information and referral services that assist very low-, low-, and moderate-income households, seniors, and disabled individuals in finding suitable housing at an affordable cost. 7 Responsible Department: Planning Department Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: On going Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 15: Continue to encourage the adaptive reuse of commercial buildings for residential use by allowing increased floor area density in proportion to the number of new units that are deed restricted for very low-, low-, or moderate-income families. If necessary, decrease the minimum num- HOUSING ELEMENT ber of parking spaces required for each unit restricted for seniors and for studio and one-bedroom units that are unlikely to generate as much parking demand. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Amend current Zoning Code provisions by January 2001 relating to residential reuse of commercial structures. Objective: 3 units H Implementation Measure 16: Establish a program to promote the expeditious processing of residential projects which qualify for a density bonus under the implementation of the Housing Element, Government Code Section 65915 as may be amended from time to time, or applicable to state law. The City will provide priority permit processing for residential projects containing housing affordable to low- or moderate-income residents and assist the applicant in expediting review by the Coastal Commission. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Dependent on developer response H Implementation Measure 17: Allow "granny flats," which are age-restricted second units, and second units for non-senior households consistent with Government Code Sections 65852.1 and 6585.2. and adjust the parking requirement for units restricted to serve senior citizens according to the requirements of state law. Allow reductions in the parking standards for other second units which are restricted for rent by very low, low and moderate-income families where the modification would not have a significant adverse impact on traffic and parking in the particular neighborhood where the modification is desired. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General fund Timeframe: On going Objective: 5 senior units, 5 non-senior units H Implementation Measure 18: Develop an inclusionary housing program for multifamily development that requires new subdivisions projects of five or more units/lots to deed restrict 20% of new units for low- or moderate-income residents, depending on the financial characteristics of the project. The program shall include provisions such that, where it is unfeasible to provide the inclusionary units on-site, the developer may elect to provide the units off-site or pay a fee in lieu of constructing units. In-lieu fees shall be deposited into an affordable housing trust fund to be used to purchase existing units or mobile home spaces for use as affordable housing. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Staff to propose program to City Council by June 2001. City Council to adopt program by September 2001. Objective: 5 units HOUSING ELEMENT H Implementation Measure 19: Participate in Los Angeles County Community Development Commission (CDC) housing programs such as the Mortgage Credit Certificate Program for first time homebuyers. The City will undertake the following actions to implement this program: (1) Periodically meet with CDC representatives to confirm program availability in, and applicability to, Malibu. (2) Consult with CDC representative during the program development phase of new programs to assure that such programs are available in Malibu and/or address Malibu's unique circumstances. (3) Monitor the availability of new state and federal programs administered by the CDC and, as they be- come available, meet with CDC representatives to assure their applicability to, and availability in, Malibu. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: Community Development Commission/General Fund Timeframe: Current and Ongoing Objective: Not applicable H OBJECTIVE 4.1: NO NET LOSS OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING H Policy 4.1.1: The City shall strive to maintain existing affordable housing stock. H Policy 4.1.2: The City shall require property owners to replace affordable housing lost by re- development, particularly housing occupied by low- or moderate-income house- holds. To implement these policies the City shall; H Implementation Measure 20: Maintain a mobile home park rent stabilization ordinance that regulates maximum allowable rents and limits rent increases. Responsible Department: City Manager/City Council Funding source: General Fund/registration fees Timeframe: On going Objective: No net loss of units H Implementation Measure 21: Pursuant to the provisions of Government Code Section 65863.7, require the submittal of a report detailing the impacts of any proposed mobile home park conversion to a nonresi- dential use concurrent with the filing of any discretionary permit on such property and impose reasonable mitigation measures upon the park owners. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: On going Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 22: Establish a housing rehabilitation program and provide financial assis- tance and/or incentives to encourage rehabilitation of both owner-occupied and rental housing and the pres- HOUSING ELEMENT ervation of such housing as affordable to low- and moderate-income households. Examples of the financial assistance/incentive the City will explore are: (1) Direct financial assistance for rehabilitation (loans or grants) (2) Fee waivers or reductions (3) Relaxation of development standards to facilitate the rehabilitation Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: City Staff to develop program guidelines and identify potential funding sources by December 2001. City Council to adopt program by March 2002. City to iden- tify method of administration (City Staff, consultant, nonprofit agency, County agency, etc.) and begin implementing program by June 2002. Objective: 15 units rehabilitated H Implementation Measure 23: In accordance with Government Code Section 65590, require the replace- ment of affordable units removed (either by demolition or conversion) from the coastal zone whenever fea- sible. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: No net loss of units H Implementation Measure 24: Establish a voluntary amnesty and legalization program for existing hous- ing units in the City provided where: the unit is "livable" and meets basic health and safety requirements; (1) (2) the unit existed at the time of the City's incorporation; and (3) the unit is restricted for owner-occupancy or rental by very low-, low- or moderate-income persons at an affordable rate. Responsible Department: City Council Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: 5-10 units H OBJECTIVE 5.1: HOUSING NEEDS ADDRESSED REGIONALLY. H Policy 5.1.1: The City shall initiate cooperation among neighboring jurisdictions and other public agencies to pool resources to meet regional housing needs. H Policy 5.1.2: The City shall work to assure that responses to the regional housing problems are fairly allocated among the affected jurisdictions in the region. To implement these policies the City shall: HOUSING ELEMENT H Implementation Measure 25: Explore the possibility of cooperative agreements with agencies and other levels of government to provide emergency shelter. The objectives of the cooperative agreements will be to identify appropriate locations for emergency shelters that serve more than one community and establish a cost-sharing mechanism so that each participating community contributes a fair share to the operation of the shelter. Responsible Department: City Manager/Council liaison to Westside Summit Funding source: General Fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 26: Enter into an agreement with Los Angeles County or other appropriate agencies such as the Westside Fair Housing Council to operate a Fair Housing Program encompassing inves- tigation of discrimination complaints, research on housing discrimination related issues, and public informa- tion about the rights and responsibilities of land owners and tenants. Promote availability of the program through the use of pamphlets and public bulletin board on community television (See Program 10). Responsible Department: City Attorney/Code Enforcement Funding source: Seek sources Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable H Implementation Measure 27: Work with Southern California Association of Governments to encourage an appropriate fair share allocation of regional housing demands based on population need, existing sup- ply/demand, ability to accommodate growth given the physical/environmental constraints and the jobs-to- housing ratio. Responsible Department: City Manager/Council liaison to Westside Summit Funding source: General fund Timeframe: Current and ongoing Objective: Not applicable 7.6.3 Quantified Objectives 1998-2005 The City has established quantified objectives related to the programs and implementation measures de- scribed above. The following table summarizes the objectives for the period covered by the SCAG housing allocation plan. It addresses the City's responsibility for accommodating a share of the region's housing de- velopment between 1998 and 2005, assisting the construction of affordable housing and rehabilitating hous- ing. HOUSING ELEMENT Table 1 Quantified Objectives (January 1, 1998 - June 30, 2005) Very Low- Low-Income Total Moderate- Above Income Income Moderate- Income 2 Designate Sites 2 2 8 14 to Meet the RHNA New Construction Need at a Minimum Anticipated 6 21 28 70 125 Units to Be Produced (Including Infill, Reuse, Second Units and Granny Flats) HOUSING ELEMENT 7.6.4 Housing Element Appendices APPENDIX A: COMPARISON OF DEVELOPMENT FEES The following provides information regarding various development fees for the City of Malibu and the County of Los Angeles. Action City of Malibu County of Los Angeles Environmental Assessment (Initial $270.00 $748.00 Study) Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Minor EIR Consultant cost to prepare + 20% $3,000.00+dep Major EIR Consultant cost to prepare + 20% $5,000.00+dep Fire Dept Review N/A $1,000.00+dep Tentative Parcel Map $2,205.00 Major Land Division N/A $11,549.00+dep Minor Land Division N/A $8,860.00+dep Revisions to Tract or Parcel Maps $3,380.00 Major Land Division N/A $3,272.00+dep Minor Land Division N/A $2,670.00+dep Lot Line Adjustment $805.00 $915.00 Conditional Use Permit (CUP) $3,979.00 Minor CUP $770.00 Major CUP $1,885.00 Environmental Review Board $920.00 $1,065.00 Site Plan Review $665.00 $514.00 Specific Plans Consultant cost to prepare + 20% $3,000.00+dep Temporary Use Permit $150.00 $684.00 HOUSING ELEMENT APPENDIX B: SOCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVING THE CITY OF MALIBU AND SURROUNDING AREAS City of Malibu A. The following organizations in the City of Malibu provide a variety of services to the community including assistance to the homeless who seek help. Religious Organizations Sena Retreat: Does not have any organized provision of services, however, people are not turned away. Other Agencies/Groups The Artifact Tree (thrift shop): Located at 3728 1/2 Cross Creek, provides lunch meals to day laborers. В. Surrounding Communities In addition to the services provided in the City of Malibu, there are additional services available to the homeless in the surrounding communities. The following provides information on some of these services. City of Los Angeles (community of Venice) Bible Tabernacle: Provides emergency shelter to single men, some single women, and some families. Families are separated and boys over the age of approximately five are sent to the men's section. After two nights, men and boys are transferred to a shelter in Canyon Country in northeastern Los Angeles County. They do not give a capacity and the Health Department cites them often because people sleep on the floor. City of Santa Monica Sunlight: Christian-oriented program, which has a capacity of 128 persons. The shelter accepts chil- dren, families, couples, women with children, men with children, and single men and women. Turning Point: Associated with the Ocean Park Community Center in Santa Monica. The shelter pro- vides separate accommodations for men and women. There are 24 cots for men and 11 cots for women. The maximum permitted stay is two weeks. Infoline: (800) 339-6993 (funded by the United Way and Los Angeles County) Battered Women: (310) 392-8361 Overnight Shelters: OPCC Daybreak Shelter (for women) Other services - day centers, food services, public showers, employment and training, alcohol and drug recovery and medical and health services - are also provided by a wide variety of public and private as- sociations and agencies in the City of Santa Monica. Information on these services is available from the City of Santa Monica's Social Services Commission (310) 458-8701. City of West Hollywood Homeless Family Assistance: (213) 461-9532 HOUSING ELEMENT West Hollywood Homeless Organization: (213) 650-4040 Infoline: (809) 333-9997 Food: Romaine and Sycamore: Food line starts at 5:30 p.m. Sova Food Pantry: 7536 1/2 Beverly Blvd. (310) 828-8814 All Saints' Episcopal Church: 504 N. Camden Drive, Beverly Hills, Friday 3:00-5:00 p.m. Lunch and walk-in services. Medical: L.A Free Clinic: 8405 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles (213) 653-1990 USC Medical Center: (213) 226-2622 HOUSING ELEMENT APPENDIX C: INCENTIVES TO PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING Scenario A: Multifamily Project in a Multifamily (MF) or Multifamily Beach Front (MFBF) Land Use Designation. 1. Density increase of 25 percent over the base density shall be allowed when the project provides one of the following: 20 percent of the total units deed-restricted for low-income families; or (a) (b) 10 percent of the total units deed-restricted for very low income families; or 50 percent of the total units deed-restricted for seniors. (H Implementation Measure 4) (c) 2. Any of the following development standard reductions: 20 percent reduction in the setback requirements in addition to the minor modification setback re- (a) duction, if applicable; or (b) 20 percent reduction in the number of vehicle parking spaces required for housing units. (H Im- plementation Measure 4) 3. Financial incentives may include direct financial aid including CDBG funding, subsidization of infra- structure, or contribution from the City's affordable housing trust fund. (H Implementation Measure 4) 4. Expedite processing of planning approvals and building permits. (H Implementation Measure 4) Scenario B: Mixed-Use Project in a Commercial General Zone. 1. A density increase of 25 percent over the base density for the residential portion of a project shall be allowed when the project provides one of the following: 20 percent of the total units deed restricted for low-income families; or (a) (b) 10 percent of the total units deed-restricted for very low-income families; or (c) 50 percent of the total units deed-restricted for seniors. (H Implementation Measure 4) 2. Up to .05 increase over the maximum intensity permitted within Commercial General zones for that portion of the project dedicated to commercial uses. (H Implementation Measure 6) 3. Any of the following development standard reductions: (a) 20 percent reduction in the setback requirements in addition to the minor modification setback re- duction, if applicable; or 20 percent reduction in the number vehicle parking spaces required for housing units. (H Imple- (b) mentation Measure 4) 4. Financial incentives may include direct financial aid including CDBG funding, subsidization of infra- structure, or contribution from the City's affordable housing trust fund. (H Implementation Measure 4) 5. Expedite processing of planning approvals and building permits. (H Implementation Measure 4) HOUSING ELEMENT Figure H-2 Potential Housing Sites CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN SCALE IN MILES GRAVEJUCE Z JANE ه ال STREET STORY SVOOS STORE PRO 9 OCEAN GANT! . ONCO POLITYCH WOOD TOPHYS TAR WILLIAM COM PUTTY CYNAS de de eC. No. Man Donos 3.44 CIFIC Sansaga La 3 )OH PA - Trible Treated of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the state of the COAST ip tras S GLOSSARIES SECTION III. GLOSSARIES Appendix A Glossary of Terms The following glossary of terms is based on several sources. The sources for the glossary include the Cali- fornia Planning Roundtable, a nonprofit association affiliated with the California Chapter of the American Planning Association. In addition, the glossary also includes terms and definitions developed by the League of California Cities and the City of Calabasas. The purpose of this glossary is to define the terms used to describe the City of Malibu's policy commit- ments. Adaptive Reuse The conversion of an existing building from one type of use to another type of use. The purpose of adaptive reuse is to encourage retaining the primary constructed structure while minimizing new con- struction. Examples include, but are not limited to the following: (a) converting a church sanctuary to a performing arts theater; (b) converting an elementary school to an office complex; (c) converting a gas station to a restaurant; (d) converting retail space to residential uses; and other similar conversions. Adverse Impact A negative consequence for the physical, social, or economic environment resulting from an action or project. Adopt Action will be undertaken to formulate policy, guidelines, or ordinances or revisions thereto. The ex- pectation is that resources would be devoted to creating the policy, guidelines, ordinances, or revisions, and that they will be formally enacted by appropriate City decision makers. Affordable Housing Housing capable of being purchased or rented by a household with very low, low, or moderate income, based on a household's ability to make monthly payments necessary to obtain housing. Housing is con- sidered affordable when a household pays less than 30% of its gross monthly income for housing in- cluding utilities. Affordability Requirements Provisions established by a public agency to require that a specific percentage of housing units in a project or development remain affordable to very low- and low-income households for a specified pe- riod. . Alluvial Soils deposited by stream action. Ambient Surrounding on all sides; used to describe measurements of existing conditions with respect to traffic, noise, air and other environments. Annex To incorporate a land area into an existing district or municipality, with a resulting change in the boundaries of the annexing jurisdiction. GLOSSARIES Applicant A person proposing development (see proposed development). Aquifer An underground, water-bearing layer of earth, porous rock, sand or gravel, through which water can seep or be held in natural storage. Aquifers generally hold sufficient water to be used as a water supply. Archaeological Relating to the material remains of past human life, culture, or activities. Articulation Variation in the depth of the building plane, roof line, or height of a structure that breaks up plain, mo- notonous areas and creates patterns of light and shadow. Avoid To keep away from, or to prevent the occurrence or effectiveness. Development in areas to be avoided will be subject to additional conditions requiring mitigation of the impact of that development on pub- lic services, facilities and resources. Areas to be avoided would be among those included in the last phase of a growth management study. Base Flood In any given year, a 100-year flood that has one percent likelihood of occurring, and is recognized as a standard for acceptable risk. Basic Biogeographic Planning Area A geographic area which is united by common biological and geophysical processes, which creates a natural planning unit for evaluating and implementing natural resource protection. The basic bio- geographic resource planning area for the Malibu coastal zone is defined as the individual watershed. Biota All the living organisms of a particular area; the combined flora and fauna of a region. Blue Line Stream Those drainage pathways identified by a "blue line" on U.S.G.S. topographic maps. Bluff A cliff, head land or hill with a broad steep face. Buildout Development of land to its full potential or theoretical capacity as permitted under the provisions of the General Plan. Bulk Envelope The space remaining on a site for structures after all building setback, height limit and bulk require- ments. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) A state law requiring state and local agencies to regulate activities with consideration for environ- mental protection. If a proposed activity has the potential for a significant adverse environmental im- GLOSSARIES pact, an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must be prepared and certified as to its adequacy before taking action of the proposed project. Caltrans California Department of Transportation. Capital Improvement Program A budgetary program that schedules the construction of public facilities to fit its fiscal capability some years into the future. Capital improvement programs are usually projected five or six years in advance and should be updated annually. Carrying Capacity The level of land use, human activity, or development for a specific area that can be accommodated permanently without an irreversible change in the quality of air, water, land, or plant and animal habi- tats. Carrying capacity also refers to the upper limits beyond which the quality of life, health, welfare, safety or community character within an area will be impaired. Character Special physical characteristics of a structure or area that set it apart from its surroundings and contrib- ute to its individuality. Circulation Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it contains adopted goals, policies, and implementation programs (or measures) for the planning and management of existing and pro- posed thoroughfares, transportation routes, and terminals, as well as local public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land use element of the general plan. Coastal Morphology The biological characteristics of the coastal area, including the relationships between terrestrial and marine plants and animals in the coastal zone. Commercial Strip Commercial development, usually one store deep, that fronts on a major street for a distance, usually one block or more. Includes individual buildings on their own lots, with or without on-site parking, and small linear shopping centers with shallow on-site parking in front of the stores. Common Open Space Land within or related to a development, not individually owned or dedicated for public use, which is designed and intended for the common use or enjoyment of the residents of the development. Community The recognizable unit of a given geographic area, produced by interaction of climatic factors, biota. and substrate, usually designated according to the characteristic adult or climax vegetation, such as de- ciduous forest, grassland, chaparral, and the like. Community Noise Equivalency Level (CNEL) A 24-hour energy equivalent level derived from a variety of single-noise events, with weighing factors of 5 and 10 dBA applied to the evening (7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.) and nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) periods, respectively, to allow for the greater sensitivity to noise during these hours. GLOSSARIES Composting The treatment of solid organic refuse through aerobic, biologic decomposition. Congestion Management Plan (CMP) A mechanism employing growth management techniques, including traffic level of service require- ments, development mitigation programs, transportation systems management (TSM), and capital im- provement programming, for the purpose of controlling and/or reducing the cumulative regional traffic impacts of development. AB 1791, effective August 1, 1990, requires all cities, and counties that in- clude urbanized areas, to adopt and annually update a CMP. Conservation Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it contains adopted goals, policies, and implementation programs for the conservation, development, and use of natural resources includ- ing water and its hydraulic force, forests, soils, rivers and other waters, harbors, fisheries, wildlife, minerals, and other natural resources. Coordinate Action will be taken to expend time and money in jointly pursuing an implementing activity with other entities. The expectation is that implementation will definitely result, and that it will be accomplished cooperatively with other organizations, possibly with the City in the lead. Cumulative Effect or Cumulative Impact "Cumulative impacts" refers to two or more individual effects which, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts. The incremental effects of an individual project are reviewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects. dB Decibel; a unit used to express the relative intensity of a sound as it is heard by the human ear. dBA The "A-weighted" scale for measuring sound in decibels; weighs or reduces the effects of low and high frequencies in order to simulate human hearing. Every increase of 10 dBA doubles the perceived loud- ness though the noise is actually ten times more intense. Dedication An action by a property owner which turns over private land for a public use, and its acceptance for such use by the government agency in charge of the public function for which it will be used. Dedica- tions for streets, parks, school sites, or other public uses are often made conditions for the approval of a development. Density Transfer A process permitting unused allowable densities in one area to be used in another area. Where density transfer is permitted the average density over an area would remain constant, but allow internal varia- tions. Within a single development, the result would normally be a clustering of buildings on smaller lots with some land retained as open space. GLOSSARIES Development The physical extension and/or construction of structures, subdivision of land, roads or other facilities, installation of septic systems; grading which requires a permit; and deposit of debris or fill materials. Additions to existing structures that do not exceed 10% of the original floor area, routine repair, main- tenance and remodel are not "development." Development (Proposed) Development for which an application for approval/permits has been submitted to the City, but not yet approved. Dispersion A measure of the "scattering" of a component of water (e.g., pathogens or nitrates) in various direc- tions. District 1. An area of a city or county that has a unique character identifiable as different from surrounding areas because of distinctive architecture, streets, geographic features, culture, landmarks, activi- ties, or land uses. 2. A portion of the territory of a city or county within which uniform zoning regulations and re- quirements apply; a zone. Disturbed Sensitive Resource Areas (DSRAs) Those areas which would historically have met the Coastal Act definition of an environmentally sensi- tive habitat but which have been substantially modified as a result of coastal development. DSR's typi- cally possess remnant biota which remain important biological resources. Diversity Differences among otherwise similar elements that give them unique forms and qualities, e.g., housing diversity can be achieved by differences in unit size, tenure, or cost. Downzoning A change in the zoning classification of land to a classification permitting development that is less in- tensive or dense, such as from multifamily to single-family or from commercial to residential. A change in the opposite direction is called "upzoning." Drainfield A means to finally treat and dispose of septic tank effluent by means of subsurface soil-absorption and adsorption. Also known as disposal field or leachfield. Dwelling Unit A room or group of rooms (including sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation facilities, but not more than one kitchen), which constitutes an independent housekeeping unit, occupied or intended for occu- pancy by one household on a long-term basis. Easement The portion of a property for which access or use is allowed by a person or agency other than the owner. GLOSSARIES Easement, Conservation A tool for acquiring open space with less than full-fee purchase, whereby a public agency buys only certain specific rights from the land owner. These may be positive rights (providing the public with the opportunity to hunt, fish, or ride over the land), or they may be restrictive rights (limiting the uses to which the land owner may devote the land in the future). Ecology The interrelationship of living things to one another and their environment; the study of organisms as affected by the factors of their environments. Ecosystem The fundamental unit in ecology, comprising the living organisms and the nonliving elements interact- ing in a certain defined area. Effluent Water, sewage, or any other liquid (partially treated or in its natural state) that is flowing out of a res- ervoir, septic tank, or treatment plant. Eminent Domain The legal right of government to acquire or take private property for public use or public purpose upon paying just compensation to the owner. While originally used only when land was to be kept in public ownership, i.e., for highways, public buildings or parks, property has been condemned under eminent domain powers for private use in the public interest, such as urban renewal. Encourage The action will receive positive treatment in written policy, and will be transmitted as appropriate to influence others. In cases where the City can compel action, such as in the application review process, the City will commit resources to assist others to achieve the action or condition being encouraged. The expectation is that, to the extent that the action or condition meets both the objectives of the City and the other party, that the action or condition will occur. In cases where the City cannot compel the actions of others, encourage is synonymous with support. Endangered Species A species of animal or plant that is considered to be endangered when its prospects for survival and re- production are in immediate jeopardy from one or more causes. Both the California Department of Fish and Game (pursuant to Title 14 of the California Administrative Code) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act) identify endangered species. Endemic A species or habitat type that is restricted to a particular geographic area or soil type and which occurs in no other area. Encroachment Any obstruction or protrusion into a right-of-way or adjacent property, whether on the land or above it. Enhance To improve existing conditions by increasing the quantity or quality of beneficial uses or features. Ac- tion will be taken to improve existing conditions by increasing the quantity or quality of beneficial uses GLOSSARIES or existing actions. The expectation is that a desirable condition exists, and is to be improved by the ac- tion. Ensure Action will be taken to guarantee a certain outcome or result. The expectation is that, in guaranteeing a particular result, the City will commit resources, and has the legal right to compel other parties to take a particular action or perform in a prescribed manner. Environmentally Sensitive Area or Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area (ESHA) Any area in which plant or animal life or their habitats are either rare or especially valuable because of their special nature or role in an ecosystem and which could be easily disturbed or degraded by human activities and developments. Malibu's ESHAs include, but are not limited to, the following: Those areas designated as such on the Sensitive Environmental Resources and Marine Resources Ι. Maps. 2. Habitat for species and plant communities recognized as threatened or endangered by the state or federal governments; plant communities recognized by the State of California (in the Terrestrial Natural Communities Inventory) as restricted in distribution and very threatened; those habitat types of limited distribution recognized to be of particular habitat value including wetlands, ripar- ian scrub, riparian woodlands, oak woodlands, and oak savannahs (Table 3-5). 3. Those areas designated by the County of Los Angeles as Significant Ecological Areas (SEAs) which meet the definition of environmentally sensitive habitat areas as defined in Section 30107.5 of the Coastal Act (Table 3-4). Any areas which through professional biological evaluation meet the criteria enumerated in (2) 4. and (3), above. 5. Those marine areas designated by the State of California as areas of Special Biological Signifi- cance (ASBS). Evapotranspiration The actual loss of water by evaporation from soil and water bodies as well as transpiration from plants. Exclusionary Zoning Zoning regulations which result in the exclusion of low- and moderate-income or minority persons from a community. Expansive Soils Soils which swell when they absorb water and shrink as they dry. Feasible Capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time taking into account economic, environmental, social, and technological factors. Fiscal Impact Analysis A projection of the direct public costs and revenues resulting from population or employment change to the local jurisdiction(s) in which the change is taking place. Enables local governments to evaluate relative fiscal merits of general plans, specific plans, or projects. GLOSSARIES Flood - 100 Year (Base Flood) The magnitude of a flood expected to occur on the average every 100 years, based on historical data. The 100-year flood has a 1/100, or one percent, change of occurring in any given year. Floodplain The land area on either side of the banks of a stream regularly subject to flooding from any source. That part of the flood plan subject to a one percent chance of flooding in any given year is designated as an "area of special flood hazard" by the Federal Insurance Administration. Floor Area Ratio (FAR) The gross floor area permitted on a site divided by the total net area of the site, expressed in decimals to one or two places. For example, on a site with 10,000 net sq. ft. of land area, a Floor Area Ratio of 1.0 will allow a maximum of 10,000 gross sq. ft. of building floor area to be built. On the same site, a FAR of 0.5 would allow 5,000 sq. ft. of floor area; an FAR of 0.25 would allow 2,500 sq. ft.; and an FAR of 0.15 would allow only 1,500 sq. ft. Also, as commonly used in zoning, FARs typically are ap- plied on a parcel-by-parcel basis to an average FAR for an entire land use or zoning district. "Granny Flats" A secondary housing unit, no greater than 1,200 sq. ft. in floor area, developed on a residential lot or parcel for the purpose of providing additional affordable housing opportunities, typically for extended elderly family members. Granny flats include kitchen and bathroom facilities. Grasslands Lands in which grasses are the predominant vegetation. Greywater "Wastewater" generated by household appliances and fixtures with the exception of the toilet, possibly the garbage grinder (garbage disposer), and non-bathing water bodies (jacuzzis, swimming pool, spas). Ground Failure Ground movement or rupture caused by strong shaking during an earthquake. Includes landslide, lat- eral spreading, liquefaction, and subsidence. Ground Shaking Ground movement resulting from the transmission of seismic waves during an earthquake. Groundwater Water under the earth's surface, often confined to aquifers capable of supplying wells and springs. Groundwater Recharge The natural process of infiltration and percolation of rainwater from land areas or streams through permeable soils into water-holding rocks which provide underground storage ("aquifers"). Growth Management Policy for future growth to be controlled or otherwise regulated by various ordinances and programs. The land use element of the general plan identifies future growth, including both residential and non- residential development. Growth management is a process, through ordinances and programs, to ensure that the growth identified in the general plan's land use element occurs at a pace consistent with the agency's objectives. - GLOSSARIES Habitat The physical location or type of environment in which an organism or biological population lives or occurs. Heritage Tree Any tree over 24 inches in dbh as a single truck or multiple trunks that cumulatively add up to 24 inches dbh. Hillside Land which has an average percent of slope equal to or exceeding 10%. Home Occupation A commercial activity conducted solely by the occupants of a particular dwelling unit in a manner in- cidental to residential occupancy. Hotel A facility offering transient lodging accommodations to the general public and providing additional services, such as restaurants and meeting rooms. Households, Number of The count of all year-round housing units occupied by one or more persons. The concept of households is important because the formation of new households generates the demand for housing. Each new household formed creates the need for one additional housing unit or requires that one existing housing unit be shared by two households. Thus, household formation can continue to take place even without an increase in population, thereby increasing the demand for housing. Household, Low-Income A household with an annual income usually no greater than 80% of the area's median family income adjusted by household size, as determined by a survey of incomes conducted by a city or a county, or in the absence of such a survey, based on the latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Household, Moderate-Income A household with an annual income between the lower income eligibility limits and 120% of the area's median family income adjusted by household size, as determined by a survey of incomes conducted by a city or a county, or in the absence of such a survey, based on the latest available eligibility limits es- tablished by the U.S. Department Of Housing and Urban Development. Household, Very-Low Income A household with an annual income no greater than 50% of the area's median family income adjusted by household size, as determined by a survey of incomes conducted by a city or a county, or in the ab- sence of such a survey, based on the latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Depart- ment of Housing and Urban Development for the Section 8 housing program. Housing and Community Development, Department of (HCD) The state agency that has principal responsibility for assessing, planning for, and assisting communities to meet the needs of very-low, low- and moderate-income households. GLOSSARIES Housing Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it assesses the existing and projected housing needs of all economic segments of the community, identifies potential sites adequate to pro- vide the amount and kind of housing needed, and contains adopted goals, policies, and implementation programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing. Under State law, Housing Elements must be updated every five years. Impact The effect of any direct man-made actions or indirect repercussions of man-made actions on existing physical, social or economic conditions. Impact Fee A fee, also called a development fee, levied on the developer of a project by a city, county or other public agency as compensation for otherwise-unmitigated impacts the project will produce. California Government Code Section 66000, et. seq., specifies that development fees shall not exceed the esti- mated reasonable costs of providing the service for which the fee is charged. To lawfully impose a de- velopment fee, the public agency must verify its method of calculation and document proper restric- tions on use of the fund. Impervious Surface Surface through which water cannot penetrate, such as roof, road, sidewalk, and paved parking lot. The amount of impervious surface increases with development and established the need for drainage facili- ties to carry the increased runoff. Implementation Measures Actions, procedures, programs, or techniques that carry out policies. Incorporation Creation of a new city. Infill Development The development of new housing or other buildings on scattered vacant sites in a built-up area. Infill development is usually considered the development of vacant parcels or lots in an area that is primarily developed. Influent Water, wastewater or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin or treatment plant. Infrastructure Includes, but is not limited to: road, schools, public utilities (such as water, natural gas, telephone, elec- tricity, etc.), parks and playgrounds, waste disposal, sewers and/or septic systems. Intertidal That portion of the shore or structures in the ocean which is between high and low tide levels; the sub- strate and organisms in the intertidal are alternately covered by seawater and exposed to the air. Jobs/Housing Balance; Jobs/Housing Ratio The availability of affordable housing for employees. The jobs/housing ratio divides the number of jobs in an area by the number of employed residents. A ratio of 1.0 indicates a balance. A ratio greater GLOSSARIES than 1.0 indicates a net in-commute (that is, workers commute to the area because there are more jobs available than residents to fill the jobs); a ratio less than 1.0 indicates a net out-commute (that is, resi- dents commute out of the area to find employment). Joint Power Agency (JPA) A legal arrangement that enables two or more units of government to share authority in order to plan and carry out a specific program or set of programs that serves both units of government. Lagoon A shallow lake or pond, especially one connected with a larger body of water. Landmark 1. A building, site, object, structure, or significant tree, having historical, architectural, social, or cultural significance and marked for preservation by the local, state, or federal government. 2. A visually prominent or outstanding structure or natural feature that functions as a point of orien- tation or identification. Landslide Downslope movement of soil and/or rock, which typically occurs during an earthquake or following heavy rainfall. Lateral Spreading Lateral movement of soil, often as a result of liquefaction during an earthquake. Level of Service (LOS) A scale that measures the amount of traffic a roadway may be capable of handling on a roadway seg- ment or at an intersection of roadways; typically measured by a ratio of traffic volume to roadway ca- pacity (V/C), as follows: Level of Service A: indicates a relatively free flow of traffic, with little or no limitation on vehicle movement or speed; the V/C is 0.60 or less. Level of Service B: describes a steady flow of traffic, with only slight delays in vehicle movement and speed. All queues clear in a single signal cycle; the V/C is 0.61 to 0.70. Level of Service C: denotes a reasonably steady, high-volume flow of traffic, with some limita- tions on movement and speed, and occasional backups on critical approaches; V/C is 0.71 to 0.80. Level of Service D: denotes the level where traffic nears an unstable flow. Intersections still func- tion, but short queues develop and cars may have to wait through one cycle during short peaks; V/C is 0.81 to 0.90. Level of Service E: describes traffic characterized by slow movement and frequent (although momentary) stoppages. This type of congestion is considered severe, but is not uncommon at peak traffic hours, with frequent stopping, long-standing queues, and blocked intersections; V/C is 0.91 to 1.00. Level of Service F: describes unsatisfactory stop-and-go traffic characterized by "traffic jams" and stoppages of long durations. Vehicles at signalized intersections usually have to wait through GLOSSARIES one of more signal changes, and "upstream" intersections may be blocked by the long queues; V/C is greater than 1.00. Some communities in California are developing standards for levels of services relating to municipal functions, such as police, fire, and library service. These standards are incorporated in the general plan or in separate "Level of Service Plans." Liquefaction The transformation of loose, wet soil from a solid to a liquid state, often as a result of ground shaking during an earthquake. Littoral A segment of coast that has definable sand sources and sand sinks, and into which and out of which the quantity of sand moving along the coast is known. Most littoral cells are bounded on either end by complete barriers to the long shore movement of sand. Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) A five member commission within each county that reviews and evaluates all proposals for formation of special districts, incorporation of cities, annexations to special districts or cities, consolidation of districts, and merger of districts with cities. Each county's LAFCo is empowered to approve, disap- prove or conditionally approve such proposals. The five LAFCo members generally include two county supervisors, two City Council members and one member representing the general public. Some LAFCos include members who are directors of special districts. Maintain Action will be taken to continue ongoing City programs or services. The expectation is that active means may be employed to continue such programs or services. Marine Area of Special Biological Significance (MASBS) An area designated by the State Water Resources Control Board requiring protection of species or bio- logical communities to the extent that alteration of natural water quality is undesirable. Minimize Action will be taken to reduce or lessen, but not necessarily eliminate, an existing condition or action to the greatest feasible extent. The expectation is that positive action will be undertaken to improve ex- isting conditions by reducing the negative consequences of a particular situation. Mitigate Action will be taken to ameliorate, alleviate, or avoid to the extent feasible, an undesirable situation or consequence of action. The expectation is that negative consequences will be reduced to a level of in- significance. Mitigation Actions, improvements, features, modifications or requirements intended to eliminate or reduce the significant environmental effects of a project. Mixed-Use Development The development of a tract of land, parcel or building with two or more different uses. Mixed-use zon- ing permits a combination of usually separate uses within a single development or building. GLOSSARIES Motel A group of attached or detached buildings containing guest rooms, some or all of which have a sepa- rate entrance leading directly from the outside of the building to automobile parking space conven- iently located on the lot or parcel of land and which is designed, used or intended to be used wholly or in part for the accommodation of automobile transients. Natural Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Standards for waste discharges from point and non-point sources to surface waters (rivers, lakes, bays, oceans, etc.) controlled by state or federal agencies under provisions of the federal Clean Water Act. Native Plant Any plant indigenous to the Santa Monica Mountains and its Coastal Region, existing before European settlement, as identified in the Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains (Raven, Thompson, and Prigge, 1986. Southern California Botanists Special Publication #2). Neighborhood A planning area commonly identified as such in a community's planning documents, and by the indi- viduals residing and working within the neighborhood. Documentation may include a map prepared for planning purposes, on which the names and boundaries of the neighborhood are shown. Noise Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it assesses noise levels of highways and freeways, local arterials, railroads, airports, local industrial plants, and other ground stationary sources, and adopts goals, policies, and implementation programs to reduce the community's exposure to noise. Open Space Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it contains an inventory of privately and publicly owned open-space lands, and adopted goals, policies, and implementation programs for the preservation, protection, and management of open space lands. Open Space, Public Open space is any parcel of land or water which is essentially in its natural condition, and is devoted to an open space use for the purposes of: (a) preservation of natural resources; (b) managed production of resources; (c) outdoor recreation; or (d) public health and safety. "Public open space" is open space that is owned by a public agency and available to the public. Ordinance A law, or regulation, set forth and adopted by a governmental authority, usually a city or a county. Overlay Zone A specifically defined area wherein a set of zoning requirements in addition to those of the underlying district apply. Developments within an overlay zone must conform to the requirements of both zones or the more restrictive of the two. It usually is employed to deal with special physical characteristics such as flood plains or historical areas. Pathogen An organism or virus producing or capable of producing a disease (e.g., polio virus). GLOSSARIES Payment in lieu Payments of cash which are authorized in subdivision regulations when requirements for mandatory dedication of land cannot be met because of physical conditions of the site or other reasons. Peak Hour/Peak Period For any given roadway, a daily period during which traffic volume is highest, usually occurring in the morning and evening commute periods. Where "F" Levels of Service are encountered, the "peak hour" may stretch into a "peak period" of several hours' duration. Percolation The downward movement of water through porous soils or filtering medium. The liquid may or may not fill all the pores of the medium. Planned Development (P-D) A self-contained development, often with a mixture of land uses and densities, in which the subdivi- sion and zoning controls are applied to the project as a whole rather than to individual lots. Commer- cial and even industrial uses are combined with different types of residential uses. A planned develop- ment with just residential uses is referred to as "residential planned development" (RP-D). Planned Unit Development (PUD) Land use zoning which allows the adoption of a set of development standards that are specific to a par- ticular project. PUD zones usually do not contain detailed development standards; those are established during the process of considering proposals and adopted by ordinance upon project approval. Plant Community A recognizable combination of native or naturalized plant species that is produced by the interaction of climate, biota, and substrata and is usually designated according to the characteristic adult a climate vegetation. Policy A statement of principle or of guiding actions which implies clear commitment but does not mandate specific actions. A general direction that the City sets to follow in order to meet its goals and objectives which direction is realized through implementation measures. Pollution, Non-Point Source In reference to water quality, sources for pollution which can not be traced to a single source location and usually cover broad areas of land, and which are primarily carried from the land by runoff to re- ceiving waters. Examples include fertilizers from agricultural land and petrochemicals from roads and parking lots. Pollution, Point Source In reference to water quality, a discrete source from which pollution is generated before it enters re- ceiving waters, such as a sewer outfall, a smokestack, or an industrial waste pipe. Preserve Action will be taken to maintain beneficial uses or features in their present condition as nearly as pos- sible. The expectation is that the feature itself will endure over time as the result of that action. GLOSSARIES Prohibit, Prevent Action will be taken to compel others not to take a particular action or perform in a prescribed manner. The expectation is that the City will commit resources, and has the legal right to compel other parties in this manner. Promontory A high point of land or rock projecting into a body of water or a mass of land overlooking or projecting into a lowland. Proposed Development See Development Protect Action will be taken to keep a feature safe from destruction or decay, or to keep that feature intact. The expectation is that the positive qualities of that feature will endure over time as the result of the action. RPA Resource Protection Area Rare To be scarce or uncommon, or of limited distribution. Rare or Endangered Species A species of animal or plant listed in: Section 670.2 or 670.5, Title 14, California Administrative Code; or Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 17.11 or Section 17.2, pursuant to the Federal En- dangered Species Act designating species as rare, threatened or endangered. Reclaim To bring back to a natural condition. Reclamation The reuse of resources, usually those present in solid wastes or sewage. Recreation, Passive Type of recreation or activity which does not require the use of organized play areas. Recreation, Active A type of recreation or activity which requires the use of organized play areas including, but not lim- ited to, softball, baseball, football and soccer fields, tennis and basketball courts, and various forms of children's play equipment. Remodel The upgrade of the interior or exterior faces of a building or structure without altering the existing foundation, footprint or building envelope. Remodeling may include the replacement of exterior walls within the limitations described herein and according to the requirements of the Building Code pro- vided that such remodeling can meet the standards for zone clearance or plot plan review. GLOSSARIES Retrofit To add materials and/or devices to an existing building or system to improve its operation, safety, or efficiency. For example, buildings have been retrofitted to use solar energy and to strengthen their abil- ity to withstand earthquakes. Resource Protection Area A geographic area which contains significant natural resources that have been identified in the Conser- vation Element of the Malibu General Plan and for which specific resource protection policies have been established. Resource protection areas in the Malibu coastal zone include Environmentally Sensi- tive Habitat Areas (ESHAs), Significant Watersheds, Wildlife Habitat Linkages, Disturbed Sensitive Resource Areas (DSRAs), and Blueline Streams. Ridgeline A line connecting the highest points along a principal ridge separating watershed areas. Riparian Habitat occurring along the bank of a natural and freshwater waterway (e.g., river, stream or creek) which provides for high density, diversity and productivity of plant and animal species. Riparian Areas Areas that contain vegetation adapted to basic soil conditions adjacent to perennial and intermittent streams. Riparian areas are delineated by the existence of plant species normally found near freshwater. Riparian Corridor The band of riparian vegetation which occurs along perennial or intermittent stream courses. Runoff That portion of rain or snow which does not percolate into the ground and runs over the ground onto abutting property or is discharged into streams. Rural Respect for nature; proximity and ease of access to the shore, ocean and mountains; a sense of open space, residential privacy and closeness to nature from within and without the dwelling; predominance of natural topography and vegetation over the built environment creating the feeling, scent, sound and visual presence of "country"; low-density and low-intensity land uses subordinate to the natural set- ting; a non-urban environment characterized by the minimization of urban services and facilities; and unobtrusive commercial signs as well as low levels of artificial light and sound. Safety Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it contains adopted goals, policies, and implementation programs for the protection of the community from any unreasonable risks associ- ated with seismic and geologic hazards, flooding, and wildland and urban fires. Many safety elements also incorporate a review of police needs, objectives, facilities, and services. SEA See Significant Ecological Area. GLOSSARILS Scenic Highway/Route A highway, road, drive or street which, in addition to its transportation function, provides opportunities for the enjoyment of natural and man-made scenic resources and access or direct views to areas or scenes of exceptional beauty or historic or cultural interest. The aesthetic values of scenic routes often are protected and enhanced by regulations governing the development of property or the placement of m, Latigo Canyon, Puerco Canyon, Car- outdoor advertising. nal Canyon. San Nicholas Canyon, Los Second Unit Canyon, Malibu Canyon, Tuna Canyon, A self-contained living unit, either attached to or detached free madeing processing processing and processing processing and processing and processing and processing and processing and processing and processing and proces dential unit on a single lot; sometimes called "Granny Flat." greater than I square mile; or those from vironmentally sensitive riparian or wood- Seepage Pit When the shape of the drainfield receiving septic tank effluent is a cylindrical excavation, the drain- field is called a seepage pit. Sensitive Habitat Area. ocated outside the major riparian wood- Seiche An earthquake-generated wave in an enclosed body of water such as a lake, reservoir, or bay. pitat Area (ESHA) definition. Sensitive An adjective for plant or animal life or their habitats which are their rate of especialty variables cause of their nature or role in an ecosystem and which could be easily disturbed or degraded by hu- man activities and development. ligation to undertake the action (see also Service Includes, but is not limited to: police/sheriff, fire, libraries, and city administration. Letty administration. Shall The action referred to is mandatory, and there is a positive obligation to undertake the action used also definition of policy). I be easily disturbed or degraded by hu- Significant Ecological Areas Lands designated by Los Angeles County as ecologically frag 15 styles true or expectably valuable Re- as plant or wildlife habitat. See Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area of Still Additional uch as a lake, reservoir, or bay. Significant Oak Woodlands and Oak Savannahs Defined as oak woodlands (non-riparian) or oak savannahs becased omside the major riparian wood- land corridors. These are considered to be an Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area. nt is a cylindrical excavation, the drain- Significant Watersheds Those watershed which contain significant development of emironmentally sensitive riparian or wood- land habitat; those watershed which drain a watershed area of greater than I square mile; or those from which runoff could impact particularly sensitive marine resource and in again to the billion less ited to: Arroyo Sequit, Zuma Canyon, Solstice Canyon, Corral Canyon, Malibu Canyon, Luna Canyon, Trancas Canyon, Ramirez Canyon, Las Flores Canyon, Encinal Canyon, San Nicholas Canyon, Los Alisos (Decker) Canyon, LaChusa Canyon, Escondido Canyon, Latigo Canyon, Puerco Canyon, Car- bon Canyon, Topanga Canyon and its tributaries. GLOSSARIES Solid Waste Any unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or gas. Includes organic wastes, paper products, metals, glass, plastics, cloth, brick, rock, soil, leather, rubber, yard wastes, and wood, but does not in- clude sewage and hazardous materials. Organic wastes and paper products comprise about 75% of typical urban solid waste. Specific Plan A plan adopted by a city or county to implement their adopted general plan for a specifically desig- nated area. It contains the locations and standards for land use densities, streets, and other public facili- ties in greater detail than the general plan map and text. Sphere of Influence The probable ultimate physical boundary and service limits of a local agency as approved by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo). It identifies the area available to a city for future annexa- tion. However, unless another arrangement has been made with LAFCo, the City has no actual author- ity over such area outside its city limits. Storm Runoff Surplus surface water generated by rainfall that does not seep into the earth but flows overland to flow- ing or stagnant bodies of water. Stringline Rule A line drawn between the nearest adjacent corners of the adjacent structures. Separate stringlines shall be drawn for both enclosed living spaces and decks. Enclosed living spaces and decks shall not extend farther than the applicable stringline at any point along the stringline. Within infill areas, the Planning Director shall determine the applicable properties to be utilized in the event that the nearest properties create an unreasonable hardship on development of an infill lot. Subdivision The division of a tract of land into defined lots, either improved or unimproved, which can be sepa- rately conveyed by sale or lease, and which can be altered or developed. "Subdivision" includes a con- dominium project (as defined in Section 1350 of the California Civil Code) and a community apart- ment project (as defined in Section 11004 of the Business and Professions Code). Subsidence The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling and compaction of soil and other surface material with little or no horizontal motion. Subsidence may be caused by a variety of human and natural activ- ity, including earthquake. Support The action will receive positive treatment in written policy, but will receive no further action or com- mitment of resources other than transmitting the policy as appropriate to influence others to take spe- cific actions. Synergistic Acting together, enhancing the effect of another force or entity, wherein the combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects. GLOSSARIES 413 Terrestria! Land living or dwelling plants or a detail. Thermal Mass Large quantities of heavy or dense material with a high heat capacity, used in solar buildings to absorb peat' igit; hstaffyrffollig barfloffalfalfalfalfalfolle" (bracstination). nallest unit of movement considered in transportation studies. Each trip has one "production end" Liqebool 2-way journey that proceeds from an origin to a destination via a single mode of transportation; Pools of the rocky intertidal left behind by the receding rides Transportation Abaragement (11)M A strigg change in searleyel would be in a way of caused by submaring early movement or roadways and or increasing the number of personreper vehicle. HDM attempts to reduce the number of persons who drive along on the roadway during the commune period and to increase the number in car pools, vanpools, buses and trains, walking and biking, 1DM can be an element of TSM (see below). generations of households are correlated with destinations that attract members for specific pur- Leausbortर्मे स्विवीम् विश्वतिहरू विकास किया क्षेत्र क्षेत्र क्षेत्र का American and Experient American System. A confine generation is the pasis for extraoling the developtuse to the transposition system and the time creas xudinos and account for beorge making tribs in appointed by the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property of the property isting in them as and transit systems rather than expanding them. TSM measures are characterized by their low costs and quick implementation time frame, such as computerized traffic signals, metered freewishings, and one-way streets. areas, stage development, promote low- and moderate-income housing, and achieve other land- Luauzee. of the proposition of the profession farmland, preserve endangered natural environments, protect his- Development of the concept permits these rights to be sold for use in an area destrible to development of Action of the second series of the second second series in which a semporarily wishes do diminder has be pexely binear regards (CDER) thruland, preserve endangered natural environments, protect his- toric areas, stage development, promote low- and moderate-income housing, and achieve other land use olay ramps, and one-way streets. low costs and quick implementation time frame, such as computerized traffic signals, metered LLib Geue, highway and transit systems rather than expanding them. TSM measures are characterized by The eng frips, and a shortfall in transportation capacity. TSM focuses on more efficiently utilizing ex- tion. Intrehensive strategy, developed to address the problems caused by additional development in- pact which Handelmehr System (TSM) ortation facilities on an existing, local transportation system. boses, vanpools, buses and trains, walking and biking. TDM can be an element of TSM (see below). Lib fenerations of possespops are concepted with destinations that attact members for sbeeigh bus- ns who drive along on the roadway during the commute period and to increase the number in car- Lanuami vays and/or increasing the number of persons per vehicle. TDM attempts to reduce the number of A Breakeaphilipte reducing demanding the hypersystem by reducing the hypersof exchicles using the Angement (TDM) Nepicle LLQt the rocky intertidal left behind by the receding tide. A one-way journey that proceeds from an origin to a destination via a single mode of transportation; the smallest unit of movement considered in transportation studies. Each trip has one "production end" (or origin, usually from home but not always) and one "attraction end" (or destination). GLOSSARIES View Corridor The line of sight — identified as to height, width, and distance — of an observer looking toward an ob- ject of significant to the community (e.g., ridgeline, river, historic building, etc.); the route that directs the viewer's attention. Viewshed The area within view from a defined observation point. Visitor-Serving Non-residential land uses (included but not limited to restaurants, stores, motels, etc.) that are primarily oriented to visitors to the City of Malibu. Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (V/C) A measure of the operation capacity of a roadway or intersection, in terms of the number of vehicles passing through, divided by the number of vehicles that theoretically could pass through when the roadway or intersection is operating at its designed capacity. Abbreviated as "V/C." At V/C ratio 1.0, the roadway or intersection is operating at capacity. If the ration is less than 1.0, the traffic facility has additional capacity. Although rations slightly greater than 1.0 are possible, it is more likely that the peak hour will elongate into a "peak period." (See "Peak Hour" and "Level of Service.") Wastewater Irrigation The process by which wastewater that has undergone appropriate treatment is used to irrigate land. Watershed The total area above a given point on a watercourse that contributes water to its flow; the entire region drained by a waterway or watercourse which drains into a lake, ocean or reservoir. Wave Uprush Study A study that identifies the potential area that would be inundated along the coast from ocean waves, accounting for the typical wave height of typical storms. The purpose of the study is to identify areas that may be affected by and potentially at risk from ocean waves. Wetland Lands which may be covered periodically or permanently with shallow water and include saltwater marshes, freshwater marshes, open or closed brackish water marshes, swamps, mudflats, fens, and per- ennial streams. Wildlife Habitat Linkages Areas of relatively undeveloped open space which, by virtue of their geographic location or habitat characteristics, have the potential to facilitate wildlife or plant migration between major habitat areas in the Malibu Coastal Zone including Topanga State Park, Malibu Creek State Park, Zuma/Trancas, Leo Carrillo and Mugu State Park. They are identified on Figure CO-3 of the Conservation Element of the Malibu General Plan. Zoning A measure enacted by a city or county to divide a community into districts or zones within which per- mitted and special uses are established, as well as regulations governing lot size, building bulk, place- ment and other development standards. Requirements vary from district to district, but they must be 7 ٠. GLOSSARIES uniform within districts. The zoning ordinance consists of two parts: the text and the map. Zoning a program to implement policies of the general plan. Zoning Map Government Code Section 65851 permits a legislative body to divide a county, a city or portions thereof, into zone of the number, shape, and area it deems best suited to carry out the purposes of the zoning ordinance. These zones are delineated on a map, or maps, called the "Zoning Map." GLOSSARIES Appendix B Glossary of Abbreviations AAQS Ambient Air Quality Standards ADT Average daily trips made by vehicles in a 24-hour period AQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District AQMP South Coast Air Quality Management Plan ASB Marine Areas of Special Biological Significance BMP Best Management Practices Caltrans California Department of Transportation CARB California Air Resources Board CC Commercial, Community CC&Rs Codes, Covenants and Restrictions CDBG Community Development Block Grant CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CG Commercial, General CIP Capital Improvements Program CMP Congestion Management Plan CN Commercial, Neighborhood CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level CR Commercial, Recreational CUP Conditional Use Permit CV Commercial, Visitor dB Decibel dBA Decibels on the "A-weighted" decibel scale DEIR Draft Environmental Impact Report DSRA Disturbed Sensitive Resource Area ESHA Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area FAR Floor Area Ratio FEIR Final Environmental Impact Report FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency GLOSSARIES 417 THA Level Harman Year Planned Unit Development PUDFHN Y Federal HighWay Administration Private Recreational Facility 棉料 California Debartment of Honzing and Community Development Planned Development HCD. High Occubancy Achiele Pacific Coast Highway PCH. Open Space so Institutional Office of Planning and Research, State of California OPR Institute of Fransportation Engineers Joint Longes Ampoint?National Pollution Discharge Elimination System NPDES Focal Vicus's Formation Commission California Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MWD Pocal Coastal LeagustMetropolitan Transportation Authority MTA rquMRU Day and Might Wholage Zonny Forel Mixed Residential Use MLC Sonng Fueld? Ednivajent Level.Malibu Littoral Cell Leg Persyot ServiceMobile Home 쌦 rang gas HanMultifamily MF Malibu Coastal Langt YousMalibu Coastal Zone MEZ Malibu Coastal Fault Zone MCFZ Apappitamit/Land Use Plan LUP Level of Service LOS L_{\rm eq}^{H - C} Sound Energy Equivalent Level L_{dn}^{LKI} Mixed Residential (126) Day and Night Average Sound Level Metrobolitan Transbortation Amports Local Coastal Program LdP Metrobolitan Mater District of Soalpent California Local Agency Formation Commission LAFCo National Logation Discusses Unimation System Joint Powers Authority APES. Office of Panning and Research, State or california 挪 Oben abaceInstitutional lis ыви оссирансу уетисте HÖA PCH Pacific Coast Highway PD Planned Development PRF Private Recreational Facility PUD Planned Unit Development GLOSSARIES RPA Resource Protection Area RR Rural Residential RR1 Rural Residential, 1 unit/acre RR2 Rural Residential, 1 unit/2 acres RR5 Rural Residential, 1 unit/5 acres RR10 = Rural Residential, 1 unit/10 acres RR20 Rural Residential, 1 unit/20 acres RVP Recreational Vehicle Park RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SCE Southern California Edison Company SCS Soil Conservation Service SEA Significant Ecological Areas SF-L Single-Family, Low SF-M Single-Family, Medium SMARA Surface Mining and Reclamation Act SMMNRA Santa Monica-Malibu National Recreational Area SP Specific Plan overlay TDM Transportation Demand Management TDR Transfer of Development Rights TSM Transportation Systems Management TWRF Tapia Water Reclamation Facility UBC Uniform Building Code USGS U.S. Geological Service VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled V/C Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (Resolution No. 09-43, 7/13/09) RESOLUTION LIST Resolution Number 96-047 Approves negative declaration 96-009 and GP amendment 96-001; amends GP Land Use Policy Map changing CV-1 land use designation to MFBF for certain properties on PCH. 96-079 Approves negative declaration 96-028 and GP amendment 96-004; amends GP Land Use Policy Map changing land use designations for various properties. 96-080 Approves negative declaration 96-007 and GP amendment 96-002; amends GP Land Use Policy Map changing land use designations for various properties. 97-001 Approves negative declaration 96-031 and GP amendment 96-005; adds Appendix C to Housing Element; amends Housing Element §§ 7.3.4.1 and 7.3.4.2 and Housing Element Implementation Measures 4, 6, 9, 17, 19 and 33. 97-042 Adopts negative declaration 97-018 and approves GP amendment 97-001; adds §§ 7.2.3.8 and 7.3.4.7 to Housing Element; amends Housing Element Implementation Measures 9, 10, 13, 14 and 19 and Appendix C; renumbers Housing Implementation Measures 11 through 34. 99-06 Approves GP amendment 98-002; amends GP Land Use Map for a certain parcel of land at Las Flores Canyon Road. 99-22 Amends GP Land Use Map, changing CC land use designation to MF for a certain property on PCH. 99-24 Approves GP text amendment 99-001(C) clarifying FAR policy in commercial land use des- ignations. 00-57 Approves GP amendments 99-002 and 00-001 changing land use deignations for certain properties. 01 - 02 Adopts negative declaration 00-014; adds Appendix D to Housing Element; amends Resolu- tion 97-042 and Housing Element §§ 7.1 through 7.6 and Appendices A and C. 03-38 Approves GP amendment 02-001 changing land use designation from Multi-Family Residen- tial to Commercial Visitor Serving for a cetain property on PCH. 06 - 71 Approves LCPA 06-001 and GP amendment 06-001 amending the Land Use Plan Parkland and Land Use Map for a certain property on Paseo Canyon Drive. 09 - 43 Approves GP amendment 08-001 correcting land use designations for certain properties to rectify them with land use designations on certified LCP land use maps; adds LCP Planned Development designation and eliminates Business Professional Office designation for con- sistency between GP and LCP. 10-42 Approves Administrative Plan Review No. 07-120, Conditional Use Permit No. 07-015 and General Plan Map Amendment No. 09-001, rectifying a zoning discrepancy between the General Plan Land Use Map and the Local Coastal Program Land Use Map. RES-1 CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT INDEX Existing natural resources designated -c- air resources, climate 3.2.1 beach, shoreline resources 3.2.5 CIRCULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE cultural 3.2.11 ELEMENT marine resources 3.2.6 Goals mineral resources 3.2.2 C 1, safe, environmentally sensitive transportation scenic 3.2.10 4.4.1 soil resources 3.2.3 C 2, environmentally sensitive, cost effective, safe vegetation and wildlife 3.2.7 service infrastructure 4.4.2 water resources 3.2.4 C 3, educational needs and cultural vitality of generally 3.2.0 schools 4.4.3 identification of significant natural resources C 4, scenic roads, roadways 4.4.4 3.2.8 Legislative authority 4.1.1 protection of sensitive habitat areas 3.2.9 Maps 4.5 Generally 3.1.0 Parking 4.2.4 Goals Public services CON 1, preservation, protection of natural fire protection 4.3.1 resources 3.4.1 hospitals 4.3.4 CON 2, preservation, protection of cultural libraries 4.3.5 resources 3.4.2 police 4.3.2 CON 3, energy conservation 3.4.3 schools 4.3.3 CON 4, water conservation 3.4.4 utilities 4.3.6 CON 5, solid waste reduction, recycling 3.4.5 Public transit 4.2.5 Legislative authority 3.1.1 Purpose of provisions 4.1.2 Maps 3.6 Scenic highways 4.2.3 Purpose of provisions 3.1.2 Service level 4.2.2 Sensitive terrestrial habitats analysis System description 4.2.1 location Arroyo Sequit 3.5.2 CITY Carbon Canyon 3.5.23 Introduction 1.1 Clyde Canyon 3.5.7 Vision, mission statements 1.0 Cold Creek Canyon 3.5.24 Corral Canyon 3.5.20 CONSERVATION ELEMENT Dry Canyon 3.5.19 Constraints Encinal Canyon 3.5.8 development pressure, rising property values Escondido Canyon 3.5.16 3.3.6 Hepatic Gulch 3.5.25 generally 3.3.0 Las Flores Canyon and Little Las Flores high quality water resource maintenance 3.3.3 Canyon 3.5.27 lack of comprehensive resource surveys 3.3.2 Latigo Canyon 3.5.17 limited city resources 3.3.5 Lechuza Canyon 3.5.6 physical changes to environment 3.3.1 Los Alias (Decker) Canyon 3.5.5 recreational uses 3.3.4 Malibu Canyon 3.5.22 Newton Canyon 3.5.12 I-1 DEFINITIONS Piedra Gorda Canyon 3.5.26 energy conservation 7.2.12 Point Dume 3.5.13 housing Puerco Canyon 3.5.21 costs 7.2.6 Ramirez Canyon 3.5.15 profile 7.2.5 San Nicholas Canyon 3.5.4 income characteristics 7.2.2 Solstice Canyon 3.5.18 lands suitable for residential development, Steep Hill Canyon 3.5.9 redevelopment 7.2.9 Topanoga Canyon and tributaries 3.5.29 population characteristics 7.2.1 Trancas Canyon 3.5.10 regional 7.2.4 Tuna and Pena Canyons 3.5.28 special needs 7.2.7 Walnut Canyon 3.5.14 Objectives 1998-2005 7.6.3 Willow Creek 3.5.3 Prior, evaluation Zuma Canyon 3.5.11 programs, achievements 7.4.2 purpose of provisions 3.5.1 purpose of provisions 7.4.1 Public participation --- D --- encouragement 7.5.2 purpose of provisions 7.5.1 DEFINITIONS Purpose of provisions 7.1.3 Abbreviations appendix B, III Strategic goals 7.1.2 Designated appendix A, III -- L -- — G — LAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN Existing conditions Elements development characteristics 1.2.1 See also Specific Element land use trends 1.2.2 designated 1.2 purpose of provisions 1.2.0 Planning process 1.3 Goals LU 1, natural and environmental resources — H — protection, enhancement 1.4.1 LU 2, growth management to preserve rural HOUSING ELEMENT character 1.4.2 Appendices 7.6,4 LU 3, recreational opportunity consistency 1.4.3 Generally 7.1.1 LU 4, commercial uses, structures consistency General plan consistency 1.4.4 goals, policies 7.3.2 LU 5, agricultural protection 1.4.5 purpose of provisions 7.3.1 LU 6, protection of private property rights 1.4.6 Goals, H 1, adequate housing for existing and LU 7, land development adjacent to city 1.4.7 projected needs of the community 7.6.2 Legislative authority 1.1.1 Needs assessment Neighborhood descriptions constraints homeowners' associations of Malibu Canyon generally 7.2.8 Village, de Ville, Malibu Pacifica governmental, inventory 7.2.11 Condominiums 1.6.17 nongovernmental 7.2.10 inland of Pacific Coast Highway, west of employment trends 7.2.3 Lunita/Bailard Tract to city line 1.6.11 . 1-2 NOISE ELEMENT La Costa 1.6.7 public open space (OS) 1.5.14 Las Flores Canyon recreational vehicle park (RVP) 1.5.15 generally 1.6.6(a) rural residential (RR) 1.5.16 watershed 1.6.6 single-family residential (SF) 1.5.17 Las Flores Mesa 1.6.6(b) specific plan overlay (SP) 1.5.18 Las Tunas Beach to Carbon Beach 1.6.8 Malibu --- N --- Country Estates 1.6.15 Knolls 1.6.12 NOISE ELEMENT Park 1.6.9 Definitions 6.1.3 Road 1.6.16 Existing noise Paradise Cove 1.6.3 community survey 6.3.2 Point Dume 1.6.13 contours Ramirez Canyon 1.6.5 generally 6.3.4 Serra Retreat 1.6.14 interpretation 6.3.5 Sycamore Park 1.6.2 generally 6.3.1 Trancas Canyon area 1.6.1 roadway traffic 6.3.3 Winding Way, De Butts Terrace 1.6.10 Goals, N 1, comprehensive noise control program Zuma Canyon 1.6.18 6.4.1 Zuma/Westward Beach to city's west boundary Legislative authority 6.1.1 1.6.4 Maps 6.5 Proposed land uses Purpose of provisions 6.1.2 buildout 1.3.1 Standards policy map 1.3.2 EPA information 6.2.2 Purpose of provisions 1.1.2 Federal Highway Administration criteria 6.2.3 Relationship to State of California 6.2.4 local coastal program 1.1.4 use compatibility guidelines 6.2.1 other elements 1.1.3 Use designations -0- commercial general (CG) 1.5.1 OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION ELEMENT neighborhood (CN) 1.5.2 Existing recreation (CR) 1.5.3 open space visitor serving (CV) 1.5.4 generally 2.2.0 community commercial (CC) 1.5.5 private undeveloped land 2.2.1 flood hazard area overlay (FHA) 1.5.6 public 2.2.2 generally 1.5.0 recreational facilities historical preservation overlay (HP) 1.5.7 California Department of Parks and Recreation institutional (I) 1.5.8 facilities 2.3.3 mobile home residential (MHR) 1.5.9 city of Malibu 2.3.1 multifamily generally 2.3.0 beach front (MFBF) 1.5.10 Los Angeles County 2.3.2 residential (MF) 1.5.11 National Park Service 2.3.5 planned development (PD) 1.5.12 Point Dume community services district 2.3.7 private recreational facilities (PRF) 1.5.13 private 2.3.8 1-3 SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Santa Monica/Malibu unified school district 2.3.6 Santa Monica Mountains conservancy 2.3.4 trails 2.3.9 Generally 2.1.0 Legislative authority 2.1.1 Opportunities, constraints deficiencies, project needs 2.4.2 generally 2.4.1 goals OS 1, abundance of open space 2.5.1 OS 2, diverse recreation, leisure opportunities 2.5.2 OS 3, integrated circulation system of trails 2.5.3 trail system 2.4.3 Public resource inventory central Malibu 2.6.2 east Malibu 2.6.3 school district properties 2.6.4 west Malibu 2.6.1 Purpose of provisions 2.1.2 -S- SAFETY AND HEALTH ELEMENT Existing conditions climate 5.2.3 crime 5.2.4 fire hazards 5.2.5 geologic hazards 5.2.2 geology, topography 5.2.1 purpose of provisions 5.2.0 Goals S 1, community safe from risk of hazards 5.3.1 S 2, effective response to emergencies 5.3.2 S 3, exceptional safety and health of community 5.3.3 Legislative authority 5.1.1 Maps 5.4 Purpose of provisions 5.1.2 I-4 City Council Meeting 01-29-13 Item 2.A. Council Agenda Report Orated March To: Mayor La Monte and the Honorable Members of the City Council Approved by: Jim Thorsen, City Manager Date prepared: January 23, 2013 Meeting date: January 29, 2013 Subject: City Work Plan and Priorities (Mayor Pro Tem House) REQUESTED ACTION: At the request of Mayor Pro Tem House, review the current City Work Plan and provide direction to staff about prioritizing projects and work efforts. FISCAL IMPACT: None. DISCUSSION: Attached is the City's Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Work Plan, which is a yearlong snapshot identifying the important projects and programs that City staff has been directed to address. The plan, as shown, is separated among the departments responsible for the projects. The plan does not include daily tasks and only includes work effort that requires significant staff time to complete or oversee. The day-to-day tasks, such as invoicing, processing payments, permit issuance, plan checking, park and facility maintenance, recreation programming, constituent assistance, commission and committee administration, inspection services, election services, records retrieval and retention, and many other routine functions are not included in this list. Mayor Pro Tem House is requesting that the Council review the City's current work plan and provide direction to staff about prioritizing projects and work efforts. ATTACHMENTS: City of Malibu Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Work Plan - CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES 1. Civic Center Wastewater Treatment Design This project involves several City Departments and includes the development of a centralized wastewater collection, treatment, re-use and dispersal facility. Staff is utilizing a professional design consulting firm to prepare reports, plans, EIR and permits. Funding for the design and EIR has been funded through the City's general fund and will now be funded from the recent approval of a Community Facilities District (CFD). The construction of the project will require the formation of an Assessment District. 2. Santa Monica College Satellite Campus City Council and Santa Monica College (SMC) are interested in bringing a satellite campus for the college into the City's Civic Center on the County parcel adjacent to the Library. The County and SMC have agreed to a plan to reconstruct a 20,000 sf community college that will include the potential for a portion of the building to be used by the Sheriff's Department. 3. Sheriff's Substation The Los Angeles County Sheriff Department, SMC and the City are working together to include a Malibu Sheriff's Substation within the proposed SMC satellite campus project. The design will be completed by the Sheriff's Department and include approximately 5,000 square feet of space. 4. City Website and Media Operations City staff is working with our consultant to improve and modernize the City's website. The upgrade will improve the appearance and efficiency for users. It is estimated that the new site will be ready for launch by June 2013. Staff is also working with Granicus to add more tools to allow interactive capabilities to the website. 5. Review of Long-term Financial Liabilities Staff continues to research information that will be provided to the Administration and Finance Subcommittee and the City Council to review the City's long-term liability with CalPERS and options for curtailing future costs. 6. Oversight of Library Services and Use of Library Set Aside Funds City Administrative Services and Parks and Recreation staff continue to work with County Library staff to develop a Speaker Series program and to coordinate the purchase of additional collection material specific to Malibu. 7. Licensing Program Administrative Services staff is working with the City consultant and the City Manager's Office to develop a robust City Licensing Program that will lead to additional revenue for the City. CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN 8. Civic Center Wastewater Treatment Facility Communities Facilities District (CFD No. 2012-1) and Assessment District The project includes the establishment of a Community Facilities District and oversight of the financing for the design and EIR of the Civic Center Wastewater Treatment Facility. 9. Parking Enforcement Services The Request for Proposal for parking enforcement services was issued in December 2012 and Administrative Services staff will coordinate activities of the consultant selected. This project is on hold pending further review of outsourcing. 10. Commercial Rental Properties This project includes oversight of the lease agreements for each of the City's three commercial properties and assisting of tenants, as needed. PARKS AND RECREATION 11. Parks and Recreation Master Plan The Master Plan will include analysis and recommendations that will provide a guide for the City Council when making decisions on future development, re-development and enhancement of the City's park system. Once the Council approves the final document, staff will develop a strategy to implement the recommendations cited in the Plan. The Draft Plan has been completed and is being vetted through the Parks and Recreation Commission before Council review. 12. Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District Joint Use Agreement (JUA) The current JUA is due to expire on June 30, 2013. City and District staff are working together to develop a new JUA that will allow the City to operate recreation programs cost effectively on SMMUSD school facilities. 13. Legacy Park Interpretive Program Staff is working to create a self-guided walk that will inform and educate park users about the unique function of the park, habitat areas and park history. Additional work will include implementing a docent-led program to provide history and interpretive information to school children and the public. 14. Skatepark Facility This project includes investigating the opportunities and constraints associated with locating a permanent skate facility at Malibu Bluffs Park or other location. A skatepark designer has been hired and will include conceptual designs based on community input. In addition, staff has been working to find a location for a temporary skatepark. 15. Expand Use of Proposition A Paratransit Funding Staff is working to identify methods that could be implemented to operate the existing Dial-A- Ride program more cost-efficiently by consolidating trips and increasing revenue. Reducing CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN costs and increasing revenues will allow surplus Prop A funds to be used for recreation-based transportation needs. 16. Park Monitoring System Staff is studying the feasibility of using web-based cameras to monitor and track the use of Malibu Bluffs and Trancas Canyon Parks. 17. Parks and Recreation Outreach Video Staff is creating a 10-minute video to highlight and promote City parks and recreation programs for use in community presentations, as clips on the City website and on the government channel 18. Nautica Malibu Triathlon Staff is working with Michael Epstein Sports Productions on a multi-year agreement to conduct the annual Nautica Malibu Triathlon event within the Malibu City limits 19. Seniors and Active Adult Outreach This project is intended to develop a congregate meals program for seniors to encourage participation in Senior Center activities. 20. Michael Landon Center Expansion This project includes increasing the square footage of the Landon Center to allow more programming opportunities for the public. The Request for Proposals (RFP) for design services for the Michael Landon Center expansion is complete, but has been placed on hold pending further action from the City Council. 21. Marathon and Other Race Event Policy On December 10, 2012, the City Council adopted Council Policy #47 - Road Race Event Policy. The policy established a structured process for permitting the use of public roadways for non- motorized vehicle races and events conducted by the private sector that affect residents or use of public resources. 22. Malibu-Based Youth Sport Programs Facility Use and Maintenance Agreements Staff is currently working with Malibu Little League on developing a Facility Use and Maintenance Agreement. The agreement will be similar to the Malibu AYSO agreement and will provide continued support of youth-based programs. 23. Playground with a Purpose Project The Playground with a Purpose project at Bluffs Park is in its final phase, which includes interpretive signage. Interpretive information for the signs is complete and illustrative artwork with a continuous theme linking the playground components is under review by staff. 24. Malipalooza and Chumash Days These two large, annual events are held at Bluffs Park. Last year, in order to generate more interest in Malipalooza, local musicians were used for entertainment, the event was moved to the end of summer, rather than the beginning of summer, and a strong event theme was developed. Malipalooza, Rocking 50's was held Saturday, August 25, 2012, at Malibu Bluffs Park and featured 6 Malibu groups, including 4 teen groups, 1 youth group and a senior citizens group. Approximately 900 people attended the event. Malipalooza concluded with the movie Rev. 1/23/13 CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN screening of the summer CineMalibu™ series, Grease. Chumash Days is a 2-day weekend event that features an intertribal gathering and Native American dancing as part of traditional powwow ceremony. The event draws thousands of visitors and includes a wide variety of vendors, crafts and games for children. 25. Malibu Bluffs Donation Program In August 2011, the City Council approved implementation of the Park Enhancement and Donation Program. The purpose of the program is to promote donation opportunities for park enhancements and to standardize associated cost for each donation and the methods by which the City accepts donations and financial sponsorships. As part of the program, a brochure promoting donation opportunities was published and distributed throughout the community. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 26. Permitting Software Program The project includes a technology upgrade to the City's permitting software that will allow for advanced streamlining of the City's permits. Computer Software, Inc. (CSI) has been hired to provide the software upgrade. CSI set up and hosts a test server for training and testing purposes. City staff will use the test server until CSI transfers the system from its server to the City's servers. A soft launch is expected in mid-March 2013. 27. Rainwater Harvesting Program City Council directed staff to develop a comprehensive program for the storage and use of rainwater. The Rainwater Harvesting Program will focus on new projects and incentive programs for existing development. This program will reduce the amount of water consumption, maximize the use of existing water resources and increase the sustainability of water use in the City. Staff began exploring opportunities for collaboration with partners to pursue grants for a comprehensive rainwater harvesting, water conservation and runoff reduction incentive program. 28. Geotechnical Guideline Update The update of the Geotechnical and Coastal Engineer guidelines has been completed. The draft document was circulated to the appropriate practitioners for review and comment. Comments will be reviewed and incorporated into the final document where appropriate. Final versions of the Geotechnical Guidelines and the Coastal Engineering Guidelines will be completed and made available to the public in Spring 2013. 29. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (OWTS) Guideline Initial edits to the draft OWTS Guideline document have been completed and the document will be circulated to OWTS practitioners for review and comment. Upon receipt and review of these comments, appropriate inclusions into the document will be made. Thereafter, the document will be made available to the public. The intent of this guideline is to provide assistance to the public on requirements and also to reduce staff time for reviews. 30. Grease Receptor Program Staff will develop a program for the efficient removal and disposal of grease from those occupancies that generate grease, such as restaurants and fast food establishments. This will CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN reduce the impact to the OWTS servicing these facilities and increasing the sustainability of the OWTS. 31. Integrated Wastewater Information Management System (IWIMS) Staff will work with the software permit development firm to enhance the capabilities of IWIMS. Reporting templates will be created for the dissemination of essential information regarding the City's OWTS. Enhancements will include the development of GIS capabilities of the IWIMS system to provide mapping capabilities. 32. ASBS Settlement Agreement City staff is working to implement the terms of the settlement agreement. Public Works and ESD staff continue to manage the temporary best management practices installed at the storm drains within the ASBS and the City is in the process of installing temporary best management practices at the storm drains outside of the ASBS. 33. Clean Water Monitoring Program Staff will develop a stream and ocean monitoring program and effective community outreach plan to promote current water quality data and the improvements that have been made to our local water bodies. This may include use of rapid indicator methods and upgrades to the City website to inform the public. Various monitoring programs are ongoing or in development to meet regulatory requirements. Compliance monitoring in the ASBS will begin this winter. Staff is also considering the development of a smartphone/tablet app for community outreach. PLANNING 34. View Preservation & Restoration In February 2012, the City Council adopted a Citywide View Restoration Ordinance, protecting primary views as they existed on or after February 13, 2012. At the conclusion of the meeting, Council directed staff to develop a program to solicit and process, within a 6 month period, view assessment applications from any person wishing to restore a view that existed "any time since the date of acquisition or City incorporation, whichever is more recent, unless the property was acquired without a developed, legally-habitable structure." Staff is utilizing a consultant to process the approximately 230 view preservation and restoration applications that were submitted to the City and will present a report back to Council on specifics related to the applications submitted and processed. 35. Housing Element Update State law requires that the element be updated for the 2008-2014 planning period. Staff completed an update of the General Plan Housing Element and, in July 2012, received preliminary certification of the Update from the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). HCD found that the Draft Element will comply with housing element law when adopted by the City Council (via approval of the amendment to the General Plan). In association with the Update, staff will complete an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and associated LCP and Municipal Code (M.M.C.) text amendments to implement the General Plan amendment. Also in early 2013, staff will publish a new RFP for a consultant to prepare the next Housing Element update for the 2014-2021 cycle. Rev. 1/23/13 CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN 36. Cultural Arts Commission The City Council appointed five full members and one ex-officio member to the Cultural Arts Commission. Planning staff will establish a regular monthly meeting time for the Commission and will serve as the liaison until a time when it is deemed appropriate for the Parks and Recreation Department to take over the Commission. 37. Formula Retail Staff will prepare a draft formula retail ordinance for review by the City Council. The ordinance concept would provide new regulations for chain retail/services in the Civic Center area and create a conditional use process that would require approval by the Planning Commission before a chain retail/service would be permitted to open. 38. LCP Public Access Map Staff submitted the recently updated LCP Public Access Map to the California Coastal Commission (CCC) on December 28, 2012 for processing. Staff received comments from CCC on January 9, 2013 and will work with CCC staff to complete their requests for final incorporation into the City's LCP. 39. LCP ESHA Map Staff is preparing an update to the existing LCP Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area (ESHA) map with parcel-specific data obtained since the original map was prepared by CCC in September 2002. Once completed and reviewed by the City Council, the map would be submitted to the CCC for processing as an LCP amendment. 40. LCP Parkland and Trails System Map Staff will continue working with CCC staff for final incorporation of the City's updated Parkland and Trails System Map into the LCP. The current map is being processing by the CCC; however, several information items have been requested by the City to allow CCC to continue processing this LCP amendment. 41. Comprehensive Zoning Code / LCP Update Staff will continue working with our zoning consultant, LWC, to prepare a comprehensive update to the Zoning Code and LCP. This purpose of the comprehensive update is to eliminate the numerous inconsistencies between the documents while incorporating current State and Federal laws. The update will include revisions to all of the items on the Council's priority zoning text amendment list, including the Sign Ordinance, Commercial Landscape/Open Space Requirements, Remodels, Temporary Use Permits, Remodels and Multi-Family Building Size Limitations. PUBLIC WORKS 42. Las Flores Creek Park - Phase 2 Project The Las Flores Creek Park Phase 2 project includes finalizing the design and construction of a pedestrian bridge and a restroom facility. This project was previously delayed due to the State's budget deficit. Staff is currently finalizing the design and working to update project permits. CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN 43. Trancas Highland Water Utility District City staff is assisting a group of property owners in the Highlands area of Trancas Canyon Road with the formation of an assessment district to provide owners the ability to finance the design and construction of an improved potable water system. The Assessment Engineering Consultant has compiled project costs and a formal petition to potential district participants to determine the level of interest in forming an assessment district will be prepared. 44. Broad Beach Infiltration Project This project was funded through a grant and proposes to divert dry-weather and stormwater runoff from eight storm drain inlets along a one-mile stretch of Broad Beach Road into a combined porous parking and engineered infiltration system on the landward (north) shoulder. The final design is nearly complete and staff anticipates construction to begin in Spring 2013. 45. Wildlife Road Treatment Project This project was funded through a grant and proposes to install pre-manufactured filtration systems below ground to treat dry-weather and stormwater runoff that enters stormwater inlets from Wildlife Road and Whitesands Place. The final design is nearly complete and staff anticipates construction to begin in Spring 2013. 46. Storm Drain Improvements at Webb Way and Malibu Road Staff is analyzing designs possibilities to improve stormwater drainage at the intersection of Webb Way and Malibu Road. 47. Landslide Maintenance Districts City staff oversees administration and maintenance services for three separate landslide maintenance districts within the City of Malibu. These services include installation and maintenance of dewatering wells, monitoring water levels and slide activities and preparation of the annual assessment and geological reports. 48. Busch Drive Encroachments City Council requested staff to work with Busch Drive residents to possibly convert the publicly encroached areas into a multi-use public pathway. City staff worked with residents to remove all encroachments and create an 8-foot path along Busch Drive. City staff is working with the Planning Department and Coastal Commission to develop a parking plan for the area of the road from Pacific Coast Highway to Rainsford. 49. Annual Tree Maintenance Program This project requires the identification of priority tree trimming maintenance in accordance with the Citywide inventory so that the City's urban forest is protected, the roadways are clear of potential hazards and liability to the City is minimized. 50. Annual Sidewalk Maintenance Program City staff continues to maintain the City's existing sidewalk system (concrete, decomposed granite and permeable pavers) in an effort to reduce the potential liability of slip and fall injuries. Rev. 1/23/13 CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN 51. Street Maintenance and Operations City staff continues to manage and implement regular and as-needed street maintenance, street sweeping, signal maintenance and storm drain cleaning services to maintain the safety and operation of City streets and related infrastructure. 52. Operation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment Facilities The day-to-day operation of two City-owned stormwater treatment facilities located at Civic Center Way and at Paradise Cove requires monitoring and maintenance, as well as the oversight of the water quality monitoring at each location. 53. Malibu City Hall and Library Construction Projects Staff is working with the respective contractors to complete the punch list items and prepare both of these construction projects for contract completion and acceptance. 54. PCH Bicycle Safety Improvements Project The City received a Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) grant from Caltrans to improve bicycle safety along PCH between Busch Drive and the northern City limits. The design is complete and staff is currently submitting documents for Caltrans review and approval. The contract will be let in Spring 2013. 55. Annual Street Overlay Program This project includes the design and management of the construction of annual street overlays throughout the City in accordance with the City's approved Pavement Management Plan. 56. Malibu PCH Safety Study A safety study is being performed along PCH in the City of Malibu that will analyze potential strategies and identify feasible recommendations that will promote improved safety along the highway for all modes of travel, including bicycle and pedestrian. Results of the study will be used as a basis for a master plan of highway safety improvements. Staff is currently working with the traffic engineering consultant on the existing conditions and safety assessment phases of the project. 57. Transportation Grants City Council directed staff to prepare and submit transportation grant fund applications to the MTA 2013 Call for Projects, MTA Measure R Grant Program, Highway Safety Improvement Grant Program and the State of California Office of Traffic Safety Grant Programs for funding of City road and traffic safety improvement projects. 58. PCH Regional Traffic Messaging System This project consists of installing changeable message signs along PCH and at strategic locations throughout the City. The project will enable the City and other agencies to notify travelers of critical regional traffic and safety information. Staff will perform the design work, prepare the plans and specifications, and obtain all applicable permits. The project is anticipated to be constructed in FY 2013-14 with funds from Measure R administered by MTA. Rev. 1/23/13 CITY OF MALIBU FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 WORK PLAN 59. PCH and Kanan Dume Road Intersection and Arrester Bed Improvements This project will improve and channelize the intersection of PCH and Kanan Dume Road and the existing arrester bed that extends along Kanan Dume Road north of the intersection. The design is complete and staff is working to secure the necessary permits for the project. The project is anticipated to be constructed in FY 2013-14 with funds from Measure R administered by MTA. 60. PCH/Big Rock Drive Left Turn Signal Intersection Improvements This project will improve safety and operations at the intersection of PCH and Big Rock Drive. Staff is working with Caltrans to secure the necessary approvals for the project. The project is anticipated to be constructed in FY 2013-14 with funds from Measure R administered by MTA. 61. 23431 Pacific Coast Highway - Animal Hospital Septic System Upgrades This project consists of the removal and replacement of the existing septic system at the City- owned property located at 23431 Pacific Coast Highway. City staff is managing the bidding and construction phase of the City-owned facility. Staff is currently evaluating the eight bids that were received for this project. Rev. 1/23/13 City Hall 1400 Highland Avenue Manhattan Beach, CA 90266-4795 Telephone (310) 802-5000 FAX (310) 802-5001 TDD (310) 546-3501 September 19, 2013 Presiding Judge Los Angeles County Superior Court Clara Shortridge Folz Criminal Justice Center 210 West Temple Street Eleventh Floor, Room 11-506 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Re: 2012-2013 Los Angeles County Civil Grand Jury Report Enclosed is the City of Manhattan Beach response to the Civil Grand Jury report on cities' fiscal health, governance, financial management and compensation. If you should have questions regarding the responses, please contact me at 310-802-5552 or by email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Bruce Moe Director of Finance City of Manhattan Beach Attachments: City Response to Civil Grand Jury Report City of Manhattan Beach Financial Policies Fire Department Address: 400 15TH Street, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 FAX (310) 802-5201 Police Department Address: 420 15TH Street, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 FAX (310) 802-5101 Public Works Department Address: 3621 Bell Avenue, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 FAX (310) 802-5301 Visit the City of Manhattan Beach Web Site at www.citymb.info City of Manhattan Beach Responses to L.A. County Grand Jury Report The following information is in response to the 2012-2013 Los Angeles County Civil Grand Jury Report on fiscal health, governance, financial management and compensation for cities within Los Angeles County. Questions may be directed to Bruce Moe, Director of Finance for the City of Manhattan Beach, who prepared these responses. He may be contacted at 310-802-5552 or [email protected]. Fiscal Health Statement #1 – Cities should adopt financial planning, revenue and expenditure policies to guide city officials to develop sustainable, balanced budgets. The City disagrees with the finding because the recommendation is already being complied with through the City's Financial Policies, a copy of which is attached. Statement #2 – Cities should develop a balanced budget and commit to operate within the budget constraints. The City disagrees with the finding for the following reasons: The City's financial policies (referred to above and attached) discuss the goal of a balanced budget (revenues equal to, or in excess of expenditures). The City has regularly adopted balanced operating (General Fund) budgets over the years: Fiscal Year Difference Revenues Expenditures 2010-2011 $49,274,023 $49,254,226 $19,797 2011-2012 $51,170,408 $50,657,495 $512,913 52,994,257 $104,661 2012-2013 $53,098,918 However, there are times where an imbalance may be appropriate. For example, the City's adopted General Fund budget for FY 2013-2014 includes revenues of $57,528,730 and expenditures of $58,938,080 resulting in a use of fund balance of $1,409,350. The $1,409,350 imbalance is due to one- time capital equipment/projects under an adopted technology master plan. The operating portion of the budget (e.g., salaries, benefits, operational expenditures) is, however, balanced. Even an "unbalanced" budget may be a sound fiscal plan. Structural deficits are the concern; not one time use of fund balance. Additionally, it is important to note that the lack of a balanced budget (where yearend actual expenditures exceeded actual revenues) does not necessarily indicate a financial problem. For example, . oversight of the work of any independent accountants engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an independent audit report...". The City's FSC selects and recommends to the full City Council the appointment of the auditor, and meets with and reviews the work of the auditor prior to presentation to the full City Council. The City believes the spirit of the best practice is being observed through the function of the FSC. The City will, however, further review the Grand Jury and GFOA recommendation and determine if formalizing the FSC as an Audit Committee is necessary and prudent. This will be accomplished no later than June 30, 2014. Statement #4 – Cities should review and update accounting policies and procedures to ensure they are appropriately detailed and define the specific authority and responsibility of employees. The City agrees with the finding. The recommendation has not yet been implemented, but will be in the future. Estimated time for implementation is by June 30, 2014. Statement #5 - Cities should establish a policy requiring financial policies and procedures to be reviewed annually and updated at least once every three years. The City agrees with the finding. The City agrees with this best practice and will implement the policy during fiscal year 2013-2014. Statement #6 - City should review and update policies and procedures for reporting fraud, abuse and questionable practices including a practical mechanism, such as a fraud hotline, to permit the confidential, anonymous reporting of concerns. The City agrees with this finding, agrees with this best practice and will implement the policy during fiscal year 2013-2014. Statement #8 - Cities should undertake a full-scale competitive process every five years for the selection of an independent auditor. The City disagrees with this finding because the City's Financial Policies (attached) address this goal, and this has been the City's past practice. Further, the City has instructed the audit firm that the audit manager is to be rotated each year to ensure a fresh perspective annually. City of Manhattan Beach Financial Policies Revised/Adopted by City Council June 21, 2011 GENERAL POLICIES The City will: manage its financial assets in a sound and prudent manner; maintain and further develop programs to ensure its long term ability to pay all costs necessary to provide the level and quality of service required by its citizens; establish and maintain investment policies that are in accordance with State laws; ACCOUNTING, AUDITING, AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES FINANCIAL INFORMATION It is the policy of the City of Manhattan Beach to provide all financial information in a thorough, timely fashion, and in a format that is easy for Council, citizens, and City employees to understand and utilize. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS The City's accounting of financial systems shall be maintained in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), standards of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB), and the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA). ANNUAL AUDIT An independent public accounting firm will perform an annual audit and its opinions will be included in the comprehensive annual financial report. The independent audit firm will be selected through a competitive process at least once every five years. The contract will be for an initial period of three years with two additional one-year options at the City Council's discretion. The Finance Subcommittee, City Manager and Finance Director will review the qualifications of prospective firms and make a recommendation to the City Council. The audit contract, and any extensions, will be awarded by the City Council. An Annual Financial Report shall be prepared within six months of the close of the previous fiscal year. It will be reviewed with the Finance Subcommittee, and presented to the City Council and community at a public meeting no later than February 1st of the following year. It is the City's goal to maintain accounting records, processes and procedures in such a manner as to receive an unqualified audit opinion and to maintain a Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting from the GFOA. RISK MANAGEMENT FUND The City maintains a self-insurance fund for the purpose of property, liability, and workers' compensation expenses. This fund pays insurance premiums, benefit and settlement payments, and administrative and operating expenses. The Risk Management Fund is supported by charges to other City funds for the services it provides. These annual charges for service shall reflect historical experience and shall be established to approximately equal the annual expenses of the fund. Separate reserves shall be maintained for current and long term general liability and workers' compensation liability at a level which will adequately fund the City's potential loss exposure in each area as determined by historical loss data. The Risk Management Fund shall maintain an annual working capital balance of $2 million. TRUST AND AGENCY FUNDS The City maintains funds on a trustee basis for a number of purposes, including City- sponsored post employment benefits programs and trust accounts for such purposes as utility underground projects. These funds shall be segregated from the City's general funds. The estimated cost of City-sponsored retirement programs will be actuarially valued biennially. On- going annual normal costs for such programs will be budgeted in the department receiving the benefit. Unfunded liabilities will be disclosed and accounted for in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). DEBT POLICIES ISSUANCE OF DEBT The City will not use long-term debt to pay for current operations. The use of bonds or certificates of participation will only be considered for significant capital and infrastructure improvements. The term of the debt shall never extend beyond the useful life of the improvements to be financed. CREDIT RATING It is the City's goal to maintain our AAA/Aaa credit rating from all three major rating agencies. The factors that contribute to our high rating include the City's strong financial management, low debt levels, budgetary and fiscal controls, and accountability. To support this policy, the City will continue to maintain its position of full financial disclosure and proactive fiscal planning. LEASE-PURCHASE The City will lease-purchase equipment if necessary because of funding availability, or if lease rates are more favorable than the rate attained from investment return. Equipment may also be leased if the lease terms compare favorably when reviewing the total life cycle cost of the equipment. In no case shall the City lease-purchase equipment whose useful life is not greater than the term of the lease. USER SERVICE FEES The City may impose user fees wherever appropriate. Such fees will recover the cost of providing the service, including all direct and indirect costs, administrative overhead, depreciation, etc. By policy, Council may direct certain fees to be lowered for particular purposes. Waivers of user fees will be presented for Council approval as appropriate. Fees will be reviewed periodically, but not less than every five years, to ensure that full cost recovery levels are identified. Fees such as space rental, parking meter rates, etc. are based upon market conditions and are not subject to the limitations of cost recovery. These fees may be adjusted periodically by the City Council. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT POLICIES DEDICATED CIP FUNDING SOURCES Most of the City's infrastructure has a designated revenue source to pay for its upgrade or replacement as appropriate. For example, water/wastewater rates fund utility infrastructure needs; gas tax revenues fund street needs; and storm drainage needs are paid for with related fees and assessments. However, our public buildings and our park system are the primary beneficiaries of the City's Capital Improvement Fund (CIP). Specific revenue sources have been designated to provide permanent funding in support of general operational infrastructure. In particular, the City has dedicated: 15% of annual hotel transient occupancy tax (1.5% of the 10% tax); Fifty cents of the per hour charge for all on-street city parking meter collections; $4 of each parking citation (with the exception of expired meter cites). Transfers into the CIP Fund will be processed by the Finance Department on a monthly basis and recorded as such in the annual adopted budget. FIVE YEAR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (CIP) The City shall annually prepare a capital improvement spending program projecting capital needs for a five year period. This CIP shall address all of the City's funds. The first year of the five year CIP will be consistent with, and adopted as a component of, the annual operating budget. In the development of the Capital Improvement Program, the operating costs associated with the capital project will be projected and considered in conjunction with the CIP. ENTERPRISE FUND CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS Capital Improvements funded from the Enterprise Funds shall be paid for in combination of "pay-as- you-go" financing and the use of long-term debt. The City shall periodically review its enterprise capital needs and establish capital spending plans that are appropriate and reflect a combination of debt and "pay-as-you-go," while attempting to keep our rates competitive with those in the surrounding area. ....................................... BUDGET DOCUMENT The operating budget shall serve as the annual financial plan for the City. It will serve as the policy document of the City Council for implementing Council goals and objectives. The budget shall provide the staff the resources necessary to accomplish City Council determined service levels. The City Manager shall annually prepare and present a proposed operating budget to the City Council no later than the second regular Council meeting in May of each year; and Council will adopt said budget no later than June 30 of each year. Funds may not be expended or encumbered for the following fiscal year until the budget has been adopted by the City Council. The City's annual budget will be presented by department, with a logical breakdown of programs and proposed expenses. The budget document will also summarize expenditures at the personnel, operating and maintenance, and capital levels. Where practical, the City's annual budget will include measures of workload, efficiency, and effectiveness. BUDGET CONTROL AND ACCOUNTABILITY Budget control is maintained at the departmental level. The City Manager has the authority to approve appropriation transfers between programs or departments. In no case may total expenditures of a particular fund exceed that which is appropriated by the City Council without a budget amendment. Amendments to the budget are approved by the City Council with the exception of the appropriation and transfer of funds from employee leave reserves to a specific department's program budget to cover unplanned customary termination leave expenditures within a given year. Such amendments may be approved by the City Manager. Budget accountability rests primarily with the operating departments of the City. CAPITAL PLANT AND EQUIPMENT The annual budget will provide for adequate maintenance and replacement of capital assets. ENTERPRISE FUNDS The Enterprise Funds shall be supported by their own rates and not subsidized by the General Fund. The Enterprise Funds will pay their share of overhead services provided by the General Fund. igiologologologo OF City of Maywood INCORPORATED SEPTEMBER-2-1924 4319 East Slauson Avenue • Maywood, California 90270 Tel: (323) 562-5700 • Fax (323) 773-2806 torororororor December 2, 2013 Presiding Judge Los Angeles County Superior Court Clara Shortridge-Foltz Criminal Justice Center Presiding Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court 210 West Temple Street, Room 11-506 Los Angeles, CA 90012 2012-2013 Civil Grand Jury Report on Cities of Los Angeles County Fiscal RE: Health, Governance, Management and Compensation To the Honorable Presiding Judge: Pursuant to California Penal Code 933.05, after careful review of the above referenced report, as one of the 88 respondents, we are in agreement with the findings contained in the report. It should be noted that it appears that the City of Maywood was inadvertently omitted from several exhibits although it had completed audited financial statements for FY 2010-2011. In addition, the statement made on page 153, "The cities of Avalon, Bell, Compton and Maywood have not yet issued financial statements for FY 2010-11" is inaccurate as the financial statements were publicly available for Maywood. The City of Maywood's responses to the grand jury recommendations are contained in the table below. FISCAL HEALTH Response

Motivates employees and gains their confidence and respect through demonstrated performance and decision making.

Delegates responsibilities and directs work activities to effectively accomplish City goals.

Effectively cross-communicates between the department heads and Council.

Evaluates department heads in a consistent and realistic manner.

Mentors department heads to assist in further developing or maintaining their performance standards. Rating: 1 City'ef Compton - City Manager Performance Evaluation Page 3. ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT General:

Effectively mediates and resolves problems, even under strained and unpleasant conditions.

Universally applies common sense, tact and diplomacy.

Self-confident; accepts criticism; able to cope with stress and maintain self control.

Displays enthusiasm for work.

Demonstrates integrity and loyalty to the City's best interests. Rating: 1 2 3 City Manager Rating Dimensions Dimension Ш I II Leadership with 4,4,5 4 Accessible. Easy to work with. Easy to Council talk to. Proposed balanced budget. Leadership with 4 4,4, Needs improvement with training and Employees staff development to assure optimum effectiveness; no real opportunity to pursue this area. has not had staff and middle management. Haven't really observed. Leadership in the 5 4,5+,4 Responsive to residents and business Community owners. Pride in satisfying and resolving community issues. Forte is business connections. Leadership with 5,5,5 5 Excellent in media relations. Fosters Other good relationships with creditors, has Governmental enhanced city's reputation in financial Entities community. General 3,3,5 Plans are in development, with 4 Management improvement noted towards end of fiscal year. Continue to improve as get to full staffing. Fiscal 5,5,5 5 Effectively managed fiscal resources; Management controlled expenditures; followed Council priorities; identified and negotiated to enhance revenues with LA County, casinos, sewage contractors; made seem easy. Personnel Models good work habits. Continue to 5,4,4 4 Management develop staff for maximum effectiveness. Community and Knowledge and 5 4,5,4 Does analysis perhaps to a fault. Advice Thorough in analysis and advice to Council. Helpful to new Councilmember coming on board. Be careful to communicate appropriate amount of information to appropriate audience. Productivity and 5 3,5,4 Quality Communication 5,5,5 5 Individual 4,4,5 Self confident, poised, self- Qualities controlled, demonstrates integrity, loyalty to city's best interests. Accomplishments 5,4,4 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF COMPTON AND GLENN HAROLD DUFFEY [Position: City Manager] This Employment Agreement is made by and between the City Council of the City of Compton (hereinafter "Council") on behalf of the City of Compton (hereinafter "City"), and Glenn Harold Duffey (hereinafter "Duffey"). RECITALS WHEREAS, on July 12, 2012, the Council, during a duly noticed City Council meeting, met in closed session and by at least a majority voted to appoint Duffey to the position of City Manager of the City of Compton; and WHEREAS, on July 17, 2012, the Council adopted Resolution No. 23580, which approved an Employment Agreement between the City and Duffey for the position of City Manager of the City of Compton; and WHEREAS, it is the desire of the Council to provide certain benefits, to establish conditions of employment and to set working conditions for Duffey; and WHEREAS, Duffey desires to accept employment as the City Manager of the City of Compton. NOW, THEREFORE, Duffey and the City, for the consideration, terms and conditions herein described, mutually agree as follows: Employment and Term of Service Section 1. It is understood and agreed between the parties that Employment. the Council hereby agrees to employ Duffey in the Unclassified Service position of City Manager of the City of Compton. Duffey agrees to perform the functions and duties of the position of City Manager of the City of Compton as specified in the Compton City Charter, the Compton Municipal Code and the City of Compton Personnel Rules and Regulations, and such other legally permissible and proper duties and functions as the Council shall from time to time assign. The term of this Employment Agreement shall begin Term of Service. on July 23, 2012, and end June 30, 2015, unless extended in writing by mutual agreement . of the parties. Duffey agrees that he shall not accept any other employment until the expiration of this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Section 4.2 herein below. Compensation Section 2. It is agreed that, upon signing this Employment Compensation. Agreement, Duffey shall receive an annual salary in the amount of Two Hundred Five Employment Agreement - Glenn Harold Duffey City Manager Position [Resolution No. 23,580] Thousand Dollars ($205,000.00), payable bi-weekly, for the term of this Employment Agreement. Duffey shall be compensated on a pro-rata bases for any partial month he serves as City Manager. It is understood that the maximum salary payable per year of services rendered by Duffey, exclusive of other benefits specified within this Employment Agreement, shall not exceed $205,000.00 unless this Agreement is amended by the affirmative vote of at least three (3) members of the Council. Benefits Section 3. Retirement. During the term of this Employment Agreement, Duffey 3.1 shall be solely responsible for payment of his full contribution (Employee Share) to the Public Employee's Retirement System (P.E.R.S.) in accordance with the 2.7% at 55- retirement plan. the term of this Employment During Automobile Allowance. 3.2 Agreement, Duffey shall have exclusive and unrestricted use, at all times during his employment as City Manager with the City, of an automobile provided to him by the City. City shall pay all liability, property damage and comprehensive insurance coverage and for the purchase, operation (including all fuels and lubricants) maintenance, repair and regular replacement of said automobile while Duffey is employed as City Manager. Alternatively, Duffey may elect to receive an automobile allowance of $650 per month. Duffey shall not be entitled to both the use of a City-provided automobile and an automobile allowance. 3.2.3 Cellular Phone Allowance. During the term of this Employment Agreement, Duffey shall be entitled to receive a cellular phone allowance of $100.00 per month. Duffey shall not be entitled to both a cellular phone allowance and provision of a City-provided and paid cellular phone. During the term of this 3.2.4 Vacation, Sick, Personal and Holiday Leave. Employment Agreement, it is agreed that Duffey shall be entitled to accrue and use the following types of leave: Duffey shall accumulate vacation leave at the Vacation Leave. .1 rate of 15 hours per month for a maximum of 180 hours per year of employment. After at least one (1) year of continuous service as City Manager, Duffey shall be entitled to cash out up to eighty (80) hours of accrued, but unused vacation hours per calendar year thereafter. Sick Leave. Duffey shall accumulate sick leave at the rate of 10 .2 hours per month for a maximum of 120 hours per year of employment. There shall be no limit on the number of sick leave hours that Duffey may accumulate. Duffey shall accumulate personal leave days Personal Leave. .3 at the rate of 10 hours per month for a maximum of 120 hours per year of employment. Personal leave days accrued may not be carried over and must be used no later than the conclusion of each calendar year (i.e. December 31st). Duffey shall be entitled to celebrate the City City Holidays. .4 holidays designated pursuant to Council resolution each fiscal year. City holidays that are designated as floating holidays may not be carried over and must be used no later than the conclusion of each fiscal year (i.e. June 30th). Employment Agreement - Glenn Harold Duffey City Manager Position [Resolution No. 23580 ] During the tem of this Employment Agreement, 3.2.5 Health Benefits. Duffey shall be entitled to receive the same health coverage and benefits (i.e. medical, vision, dental insurance coverage) as the Chief Executive Management Employees in the City service. 3.2.6 Dues, Subscriptions and Professional Development. During the term of this Employment Agreement, Duffey may participate in all appropriate local, state and national professional organizations, seminars, conferences and professional development courses that are reasonable and beneficial to the City. City shall pay for all reasonable associated expenses necessary for said participation. During the term of this Employment Agreement, the 3.2.7 Life Insurance. City shall pay, on behalf of Duffey, life insurance coverage with a principal amount of $100,000 and a conversion privilege. the term of this Employment During 3.2.8 Side Letter Agreement. Agreement, Duffey shall not be subject to the provisions of the Side Letter Agreement between the City and the Compton coalition of Unions, ratified and adopted by the Council on January 17, 2012, pursuant to Resolution No. 23,465. Termination or Separation Section 4. The Council may terminate, with or without cause, 4.1 Termination. the services of Duffey as City Manager of the City at any time during the term of this Employment Agreement, and without right of appeal, by motion of the Council adopted by at least three (3) affirmative votes pursuant to Section 703 of the Compton City Charter and subject to the provisions herein below: In the event that Duffey is 4.1.1 Termination Without Cause. terminated without cause by the Council prior to the expiration of this Employment Agreement, he shall be entitled to receive severance compensation as follows: If terminated within the first twelve (12) months of this .1 Employment Agreement, Duffey shall be entitled to receive severance compensation equal to twelve (12) months salary, in addition to the full monetary value of any earned but unused vacation leave accumulated during the period of his service pursuant to this Employment Agreement. Duffey's entitlement to earned, but unused sick leave accumulated during the period of his service shall be governed by those provisions applicable to Chief Executive Management Employees in the City service. .2 If terminated within any time after the first twelve (12) month of this Employment Agreement, Duffey shall be entitled to receive severance compensation equal to six (6) months salary, in addition to the full monetary value of any earned but unused vacation leave accumulated during the period of his service pursuant to this Employment Agreement. Duffey's entitlement to earned, but unused sick leave accumulated during the period of his service shall be governed by those provisions applicable to Chief Executive Management Employees in the City service. Employment Agreement - Glenn Harold Duffey City Manager Position [Resolution No. 23580 ] In the event that Duffey is terminated 4.1.2 Termination For Cause. prior to the expiration of this Employment Agreement due to his committing of any act of misfeasance or malfeasance, or due to the filing by any government agency with appropriate authority, of a criminal complaint charging him with any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, then the City shall have no obligation to pay the salary portion of the severance package, but shall be obligated to pay the full monetary value of any earned but unused vacation leave accumulated during the period of his service pursuant to this Employment Agreement. 4.2 Voluntary Separation. 4.2.1 In the event Duffy decides to voluntarily separate his services as City Manager for the City before the expiration date of the term of this Employment Agreement, he shall first give the Council at least ninety (90) days written advance notice of his intention to voluntarily separate his service with the City, unless the parties mutually agreed in writing otherwise. 4.2.2 If Duffey voluntarily separates his services as City Manager for the City before the expiration date of the term of this Employment Agreement, the City shall have no obligation to pay the salary portion of the severance package, but shall be obligated to pay the full monetary value of any earned but unused vacation leave accumulated during the period of his service pursuant to this Employment Agreement. Duffey's entitlement to earned, but unused sick leave accumulated during the period of his service shall be governed by those provisions applicable to Chief Executive Management Employees in the City service. either termination or voluntary Upon Severance Payment. 4.3 separation of service as City Manager, Duffey shall be entitled to receive the applicable severance compensation and/or benefits specified above in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 within ten (10) City business days of termination or separation of service, unless otherwise mutually agreed; however, the City may withhold the payment of such severance until Duffey's delivery to the City of any and all City books, records, documents, reports, materials and other type or form of property of the City and, further upon Duffey's full cooperation with the City in doing all that is reasonable and necessary to effect an orderly transition, including but not limited to a full accounting of all work in progress. General Provisions Section 5. This Employment Agreement may be amended in writing, signed by 5.1 Duffey, the majority of the Council and "Approved As To Form" by the City Attorney. City shall indemnify and represent Duffey in all legal matters arising as a 5.2 result of the performance of his duties as City Manager during the term of this Employment Agreement, including matters arising after the termination of this Employment Agreement, but resulting from the performance of the duties as City Manager carried out during the term of the Employment Agreement. City shall not be obligated to indemnify or represent Duffey in any legal matters resulting from any misfeasance or malfeasance engaged in at any time while employed by the City or at any time thereafter, arising as a result of the performance of his duties as City Manger. Employment Agreement - Glenn Harold Duffey City Manager Position [Resolution No. 23580 ] The terms and conditions of this Agreement represent the entire 5.3 understanding between the City and Duffey regarding Duffey's employment as the City Manager, and all preliminary negotiations and agreements are deemed a part hereof. No verbal agreement or implied covenant shall be held to vary the provisions of this Agreement. Each party hereto has had the opportunity to receive independent legal 5.4 advice with respect to the contents and advisability of making this Employment Agreement and executes this Agreement after having the opportunity to consult with legal counsel. No provision of this Employment Agreement shall be interpreted for or 5.5 against any party because that party or he/his/its legal representative drafted the provisions. This Agreement shall be deemed to have been drafted by all parties hereto. Each party hereto expressly covenants that the terms of this Employment Agreement are fair and have been freely negotiated by and between each of the parties. 5.6 Should a dispute arise between the parties hereto specifically concerning the amount of salary or period for which salary is to be paid, the parties agree that the dispute shall be submitted to binding arbitration. Such arbitration shall be conducted by a mutually agreed arbitrator and pursuant to the rules of the American Arbitration Association. Each party hereto shall bear one-half of the costs of the arbitration, except each party shall bear their own costs for legal representation and witness fees. The parties agree that any disputes resolved by arbitration shall be final and binding. Any other disputes arising out of Duffey's employment as City Manager, not specifically referenced herein, shall not be subject to the provisions of this section. If any provision, or any portion thereof, contained in this Employment 5.7 Agreement is held to be unconstitutional, invalid, or unenforceable, the remainder of this Employment Agreement, or portion thereof, shall be deemed severable, shall not be affected, and shall remain in full force and effect. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Council of the City of Compton has authorized this Employment Agreement to be effective beginning July 23, 2012. Dated: Glenn Harold CITY OF COMPTON Eric J. Herrodin, Mayor Employment Agreement - Glenn Harold Duffey City Manager Position [Resolution No. 23580 ] Dated: 7/19/20/2 wine Janna Zurita, Council Member llie Dotson Dated: 7-24-20/2 Lillie Dobson, Council Member 19,2012 Dated: Yvonne Arceneaux, Council Member 2012 'LA Dated: Dr. Willie O. Jones, Council Member Approved as to form: By Craig Cornwell, City Attorney Dated: 7/18/12 ATTEST: Dated: 7/25/12 Ву Alita God Win City, Clerk ~ × - - 2 #17. December 17, 2013 TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND COUNCILMEMBERS FROM: CITY CONTROLLER SUBJECT: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COMPTON APPROVING AN AMENDMENT TO THE AGREEMENT WITH MACIAS GINI & O'CONNELL TO PROVIDE INDEPENDENT CITY-WIDE AUDIT SERVICES FOR FISCAL YEAR 2011-2012 SUMMARY The purpose of this resolution is to approve an amendment to the agreement with Macias Gini O'Connell ("MGO") regarding the city-wide independent audit services provided to the City with respect to the Fiscal Year 2011-2012.

Manages the financial resources of the City to ensure the City maintains a sound financial condition and continues to receive clean audits from the State Auditor's Office.

Effectively aids the Council in developing a realistic budget that meets the Council's goals.

Communicates concerns in a timely manner to the Council regarding issues that may significantly affect the City fiscally in the foreseeable future

Oversees the various capital projects of the City to ensure that they are accomplished on time and within budget. Rating: 1 2 3 City of Compton - City Manager Performance Evaluation Page 5. INDIVIDUAL QUALITIES

Remains flexible, objective and receptive to suggestions.

As one of the state-mandated elements, it fulfills the requirements of the State Planning Act, and the regulations in Sections 65530 et seq. of the Government Code of the State of California.

Southern Foredunes S2.1 Yes

Southern Dune Scrub S1.1 Yes

Arroy Sequit - Sonaria Area

Coastal and Valley Freshwater Marsh S2.1 Yes Yes Grassland

Cham se Nautral Area

Malbu Equestran Perk

Venturan Coastal Sage Scrub S3.1 Yes

Ceanothus megacarpus Chaparral S3.2 Yes (big-pod ceanothus)

Malbu Crest State Park

Peter Stauss Ran 6 NICHOLAS BLUFFS BEACH Monica Mountains Conservancy, 1991, National Park Service, 1991 \Theta (e) (8) P D Eq. (31)

Topanga-Henry Ridge Trai

Buck Brush Chaparral S4

Cod Creak Canyon Preserve

Red Hock Canyon Preserve

Valley Civa e Scenic Corticor Trai

Establish a program to promote the expeditious Dependent on No affordable housing projects have been proposed processing of residential projects which qualify developer response that would qualify for density bonuses. See Program for a density bonus under Government Code 19 regarding City efforts to provide greater Section 65915, as may be amended from time to incentives for affordable housing. time or, applicable state law.

White Alder Riparian Forest Yes

Nicholas Canyon County Beach

Corral Canyon Trail 21, Coastal Supe Trail 22, Ramirez Canyon Connector Trail

Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland S4 Yes

I Mardo 6 (P) SCH. STATE BE ACH A 3 4 O'CHYS 5 EL MATADOR (3) 0 1 PALL AN FIC SECRETA NONE ESTATE OF LEXABLE ANTHE E3 22 Zuma Connyi Basah24 Wesward Pén Dine Basah25 Dan Blocker Shab Beach/Adamson House25 Mai Bur Begünder Besch27 Mai Bur Begünder Besch28 Topangus Mai Besch29 Topangus Mai Besch30 Proposet Mai Bur Besch31 Santa Mont COUNTY BEACH 0 9 PRATE'S COVE E STATE OF 0 CRIVE USCH BONSALL DEINE POINT DUME (a) (9) 2 BE हैं कि मिल (3) THE WAY LEGEND 0 PARADISE COVE LATIGO POINT LADOO CANTON 3 (3) Þ (2) PUND BOUNDARY PARK OVERLOOKS CITY LIMITS STATE BEACHES 33 ORRAL CANYON STATE BEACH (3) CANCEL BOND ONERCO. 0 0 E MALIBU BLUFFS (19) MALIBU LAGOON STATE BEACH

Paradise Cove Trail (a) DANS РЕСН (О) BONSAL nu and 200 ®__ BORD 8) ADDO CANYON (a) // (c) (4) LEGEND (2) , CAUSEN BACKBONE TRAIL TRAILS CITY LIMITS (2) MONON HONO WERE 0 0 0, THE PARTY (0) m (0) A N 2 3 Con tu (9) MOCENT RISTING En Sun 읔 المركظ 5 13 STATEBEACH Y OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN MALIBU/SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINSAREA PLAN TRAIL SYSTEM 3 6 6 TOURS CHOOKING (3) GHWAY ō SCALE IN MILES (3) FIGURE OS-2 Z, BOLLEVARO (3) CHAPTER 3.0 CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.1 Introduction 3.1.0 Overview 3.1.1 Legislative Authorization 3.1.2 Purpose and Scope 3.2 Existing Natural Resources 3.2.0 In General 3.2.1 Air Resources and Climate 3.2.2 Mineral Resources 3.2.3 Soil Resources 3.2.4 Water Resources 3.2.5 Beach and Shoreline Resources 3.2.6 Marine Resources 3.2.7 Vegetation and Wildlife Resources 3.2.8 Identification of Significant Natural Resources 3.2.9 Protection of Sensitive Habitat Areas 3.2.10 Scenic Resources 3.2.11 Cultural Resources 3.3 Constraints 3.3.0 In General 3.3.1 Physical Changes in the Environment 3.3.2 Lack of Comprehensive Resource Surveys 3.3.3 Maintenance of High Quality Water Resources 3.3.4 Recreational Uses 3.3.5 Limited City Resources 3.3.6 Development Pressure and Rising Property Values 3.4 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementation Measures 3.4.1 CON GOAL 1 3.4.2 CON GOAL 2 3.4.3 CON GOAL 3 3.4.4 CON GOAL 4 3.4.5 CON GOAL 5 3.5 Appendix A—Analysis of Sensitive Terrestrial Habitats by Location 3.5.1 Purpose 3.5.2 Arroyo Sequit 3.5.3 Willow Creek 3.5.4 San Nicholas Canyon 3.5.5 Los Alias (Decker) Canyon 3.5.6 Lechuza Canyon 3.5.7 Clyde Canyon (Pedra/Pescador watershed, Malibu Wastewater Study, 1992) CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.5.8 Encinal Canyon 3.5.9 Steep Hill Canyon 3.5.10 Trancas Canyon 3.5.11 Zuma Canyon 3.5.12 Newton Canyon 3.5.13 Point Dume 3.5.14 Walnut Canyon 3.5.15 Ramirez Canyon 3.5.16 Escondido Canyon 3.5.17 Latigo Canyon 3.5.18 Solstice Canyon 3.5.19 Dry Canyon 3.5.20 Corral Canyon 3.5.21 Puerco Canyon 3.5.22 Malibu Canyon 3.5.23 Carbon Canyon 3.5.24 Cold Creek Canyon 3.5.25 Hepatic Gulch 3.5.26 Piedra Gorda Canyon 3.5.27 Las Flores Canyon and Little Las Flores Canyon 3.5.28 Tuna and Pena Canyons 3.5.29 Topanga Canyon and Tributaries 3.6 Appendix B—Conservation Element Maps CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.1 Introduction 3.1.0 Overview The following information provides an overview and summary of the natural resources in the City of Malibu. This information is only a summary of the more detailed information provided in the "Conservation Element Background Report" presented in a Technical Appendix to the Malibu General Plan. 3.1.1 Legislative Authorization The California Government Code requires all city and county general plans to contain a Conservation Ele- ment as part of the General Plan. Specifically, Government Code Section 65302 requires that a conservation element address the conservation, development and utilization of natural resources including: Beaches and shoreline Rivers and other waters Fisheries Soils Forests Water and its hydraulic force Harbors Watersheds ٠ Minerals Wildlife Plants 3.1.2 Purpose and Scope The purpose of the Conservation Element is to serve as a guide for the conservation, protection, restoration and management, development, and appropriate and responsible utilization of the City's existing natural re- sources. Substantial areas of land within the City of Malibu and north of the City within the Malibu Coastal Zone (MCZ) are undeveloped or contain an abundance of natural resources. To protect these resources, it is important for the City to establish policies which promote intelligent management of the resources. These policies should address a variety of natural resources issues that include water quality, coastal and slope ero- sion, maintenance of unique plant communities, habitat protection, and viable populations of plants and wildlife, and preservation of visual resources. The MCZ (Figure CO-1) is used as the geographic unit whose resources are addressed by this Conservation Element. The resources of this area are addressed because natural resources located within the City limits are (a) an extension of resources located elsewhere within the MCZ, (b) intimately interrelated with other re- sources located elsewhere in the MCZ, and (c) potentially affected by impacts to other resources within the MCZ. The resources of the entire MCZ are also addressed because (d) they provide significant opportunities to residents and visitors to the City and (e) the City's sphere of influence may include these resources in the future. CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.2 Existing Natural Resources 3.2.0 In General The City of Malibu is located on the coastal slopes of the Santa Monica Mountains and is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the south. The City has a variety of unique natural resources due to this juxtaposition be- tween the mountains and the ocean. These resources include canyon and coastal topography; a. variety of terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats; rare, threatened and endangered species of plants and wildlife; and numerous historic, archaeological and paleontological sites. These resources, as well as other natural assets, are each addressed in greater detail within the Conservation Element. 3.2.1 Air Resources and Climate 3.2.1.1 Regional Meteorology/Climatology Malibu's climate is classified as dry summer subtropic or Mediterranean. Regions within this climate zone are characterized by hot, dry summers with relatively cool, moist winters. This climate only occurs in five areas of the world at approximately 33 degrees latitude on the western edges of continents and includes: southern California; central Chile; southern Australia; the cape region of South Africa; and the Mediterra- nean region of Europe. Only about three percent of the world's land surface have this climate. The unique characteristics of the Mediterranean climate regime, particularly the extended period of summer drought, have led to the evolution of distinctive associations of plant and animal species. The regional climate is controlled almost entirely by the semi-permanent Pacific High Pressure Cell (Pacific High) and the cold water California Current. The summer climate is strongly influenced by stable air flow- ing out of the Pacific High to the west. During the Malibu winter the Pacific High migrates south putting the City on the fringe of the influence of a low pressure cell. The combined effect of these meteorologic and oceanographic systems is a tempering of local weather such that extremes of wind, temperature and precipi- tation are relatively uncommon. Skies are mostly clear from mid-summer through autumn. Heavy cloud cover and fog occur primarily during spring and early summer when stratus clouds associated with the marine layer move in from the west. Com- pared to other locations of the same latitude and climate, Malibu summers are generally cooler with tem- peratures in the upper 60s to low 70s, and winters tend to be mild within the range of the upper 50s to low 60s. 3.2.1.2 Air Pollution Meteorology The City of Malibu is located within the South Coast Air Basin. The South Coast Air Basin's air quality is affected not only by the emission sources located in the region, but also to a large extent by three natural factors or combinations of: (a) terrain; (b) a dominant on-shore flow; and (c) atmospheric inversion. The first of these factors is static, but plays a significant role by placing a natural barrier to emission dispersion north and east of the metropolitan Los Angeles area. The second factor provides the driving mechanism for both air pollution transport and dispersion. This mechanism has been shown to be a predominantly on-shore flow. Air pollution which has its origins in the industrial areas along the coast and immediately inland is driven toward the natural terrain barrier mentioned above with the result that horizontal dispersion is severely limited. The effect of this second factor can be seen as a gradual degradation of air quality from coastal to inland areas. Malibu is typical of some of the CONSERVATION ELEMENT South Coast Air Basin's best air quality areas because of its location along the coast upwind from most mo- bile and stationary sources. The greatest impacts can be seen in the San Gabriel Valley and near Riverside at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains. The third factor which affects air quality involves atmospheric inversions which limit dispersion of air pollu- tion on a vertical scale. Inversions can be classified into one of two general categories: (1) inversion aloft or (2) surface based inversions. These two categories are the result of different meteorologic conditions and tend to affect different sources. Inversions aloft are probably the most critical factor in the degradation of regional air quality. The condition is defined by a vertical temperature profile which initially conforms to standard conditions. For example, temperature typically decreases with height. However, under inversion conditions temperature begins to in- crease at some height above the ground. This height is called the base of the inversion. The temperature in- crease continues through an unspecified layer after which the temperature change with height returns to standard conditions. The inversion layer is typically very stable and acts as a cap to the vertical dispersions of pollutants. The largely undeveloped Santa Monica Mountains provide some amelioration of air quality impacts from the urbanized Los Angles basin. 3.2.1.3 Air Quality Regulatory Environment The basis for determining the significance of air quality impacts generated by a base case project are the State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS). These standards define the level of air quality capable of protecting the public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. The AAQS were de- veloped to protect those portions of the population most susceptible to respiratory distress. Classified as sen- sitive receptors, this group includes persons with asthma or other respiratory disorders, the elderly, very young children and hospital patients. Normally, healthy adults can tolerate periodic exposure to air pollution in concentrations well above the standards. However, even this segment of the population has shown signs of deteriorating health under long term exposure to air pollution at or above the standards. The Federal standards were established in 1971 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA allows states to adopt standards of their own as long as they are at least as stringent as those issued at the Federal level. California, due to the complexity of its air quality problems, adopted its AAQS prior to the adoption of the Federal standards. In 1976 the State legislature enacted the Lewis Air Quality Management Act which established the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and required it, in conjunction with the Counties and Cities within the District, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the State Department of Transportation (Caltrans), to develop a plan to attain and maintain the State Ambient Air Quality Standards in the South Coast Air Basin. The SCAQMD, how- ever, is responsible only for local stationary sources of pollution while CARB retains authority over all mo- bile source emissions. 3.2.2 Mineral Resources In order to promote the conservation of the State's mineral resources and ensure adequate reclamation of mined lands, the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 (SMARA) was enacted. SMARA requires that the State geologist classify land in California for its mineral resource potential. Local governments are CONSERVATION ELEMENT required to incorporate the mineral classification reports and maps into their general plans in order for the resources to be given consideration when making land use decisions. Sand and gravel resources are the only mineral resources which have been mapped in western Los Angeles County. However, to date the State Division of Mines and Geology has not mapped these resources or other mineral resources in the Malibu area. Given the presence of the numerous incised canyons and drainages, sand and gravel resources are expected to occur in the MCZ. Mapping of this area is scheduled to occur prior to 1996 if the appropriate funding is allocated (R. Miller, State Division of Mines and Geology, per- sonal communication). 3.2.3 Soil Resources Soil types in the City of Malibu have been classified by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS). (Note that the SCS has recently been reorganized as the Natural Resources Conservation Service, NRCS.) These SCS classifications are associated with identified soil capabilities which may be used in planning for agricultural, urban, watershed, recreational and wilderness uses. The identified soil capabilities provide the basis from which opportunities and constraints associated with soil resources are identified. The SCS has identified 22 soil series and 45 soil phases in the Malibu area (Malibu Soil Survey, 1967). Soil series are soils that are grouped together because they have a similar set of soil profile characteristics. The soil phase is a division of the soil series in which the soils are grouped together by common surface and sub- strata characteristics. Important characteristics used to determine soil phase are surface texture, slope and quantity of stones. Agricultural land is limited within Malibu. This limitation is primarily due to the patchy distribution of soils that have high capability for agricultural uses, and that these soils typically occur along the low relief slopes adjacent to the coast. These areas are the same areas which have the highest capability for urban develop- ment and many have already been developed. As a consequence, agriculture currently accounts for only 52.4 acres (0.5%) of all land uses within the City. Historically, agricultural uses, including grazing, were much more widespread and these previous uses may have influenced the types of plant communities which are currently found in the City. Over 80% of the soils identified by the SCS in the Santa Monica Mountains have high or very high erosion potential. The native vegetation is critical to protecting the soil from erosion, particularly on steep slopes. Removal of vegetation leads to accelerated erosion which adversely impacts stream and marine resources. The engineering capabilities identified by the SCS are also a very useful planning tool for the City of Malibu. Soil suitability for road and building construction, recreation facilities, septic tank filter fields and other uses are all identified in the Malibu Soil Survey (1967). Further discussion of soils, especially as they relate to engineering capabilities is provided in the Safety Element. 3.2.4 Water Resources The City of Malibu is located within a 27 mile coastal stretch along the Pacific Ocean. There are numerous streams and creeks which drain the hillsides and canyons within this area. In addition, Malibu Lagoon, which is located at the mouth of Malibu Creek, is one of two significant coastal marshes occurring in Los Angeles County. CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.2.4.1 Surface Water There are 44 blueline streams identified by the United States Geological Service (USGS) within the City of Malibu. These streams include perennial and intermittent streams which are defined by a variety of non- standardized, qualitative criteria such as the presence of riparian vegetation, a stream bed, or actual hydrol- ogy. Many of the USGS bluelines have not been updated since 1950 and there are many channels that are not significantly different hydrologically from streams with blueline status. Consequently, the identification of all hydrological channels that are associated with the City of Malibu has not been conducted. To effec- tively manage these drainages would require development of new qualitative, as well as quantitative, criteria based on floodplain width, flow rate and periodicity, erodibility, riparian vegetation, presence of sensitive flora and fauna, and human influence on channel hydraulics. The location, significance, constraints, and op- portunities associated with these channels can be determined only after development of these criteria. There are 62 identified watersheds which occur within the boundaries of the City of Malibu (Malibu Waste- water Management Study, 1992). These watersheds consist of smaller, coastal terrace watersheds which of- ten have their headwaters located within a few hundred feet of the ocean and large watersheds which drain the coastal drainages of the Santa Monica Mountains (Figure CO-2 illustrates the 28 major mountain drain- ages). Malibu Creek is the only cross-mountain watershed and drains portions of the Simi Hills in addition to portions of the Santa Monica Mountains. The largest watershed is the Malibu Creek coastal watershed which drains an area of approximately 74,000 acres (115 square miles). Large coastal watersheds include Ramirez (4.5 square miles), Las Flores (4.75 square miles), Solstice (4.43 square miles), Trancas (8.39 square miles), and Zuma Canyon (8.86 square miles), Topanga (19.68 square miles) and Arroyo Sequit (10.96 square miles). Of the watersheds identified within the City boundaries, 22 of the drainage areas extend beyond the northern boundary and are affected by residents and agencies not under the jurisdiction of the City of Malibu. Effec- tive management of these watersheds requires joint-powers agreements designed to protect downstream re- sources and users of these resources. Watersheds are the basic geographic unit within which non-point sources of pollution and sedimentation can be addressed. Within the City of Malibu these sources of water quality contamination are primarily associ- ated with upstream discharge of treated effluent from lands inland of the City and stormwater conveyance of fertilizers, manure, petroleum products (i.e., gasoline, oil, other lubricants), chemicals from car exhaust, livestock (i.e., horses), commercial discharges, sedimentation and dispersed contributions of pathogens from local septic systems (Malibu Wastewater Management Study, 1992). Much of the chemical contamination is originally derived from the surfaces of pavement and other forms of hardscape, while increased sediment loads are associated with grading, excavation, and other forms of vegetation disturbance (i.e., fires, grazing, agricultural practices, vegetation removal for fire and flood control). The primary sources of discharge to City of Malibu watersheds are the Tapia Water Reclamation Facility (TWRF) at Calabasas and urban stormwater runoff. The former source of discharge is only associated with Malibu Creek. TWRF is known to discharge up to 7.4 million gallons per day (daily average during March 1991) of treated effluent to the upper reaches of the drainage; TWRF has permits to expand to 16 million gallons per day. These discharges, however, have varied widely from season-to-season and year-to-year (Harris, 1991; Gearhart and Waller, 1989). As an example, 1990 was a low release year because the Las Virgenes Water District sold all of its discharge for July, August, and September. Although effluent from the TWRF has accounted for a significant portion of the past annual flow in the creek, especially during the CONSERVATION ELEMENT summer months, demand for reclaimed water now reportedly exceeds supply and it is unknown if TWRF discharges will continue to provide significant flow to Malibu Creek (Malibu Wastewater Management Study, 1992; Steve Witbeck, TWRF, pers. comm.). TWRF's goal is to reclaim all water entering the facility, but achievement of this goal is dependent upon demand for the water. Recent trends do indicate that summer demand for the water is very high. This period of peak demand coincides with the period in which dis- charges to Malibu Creek would have the greatest potential adverse effects, although significant impact from overflow due to winter storms also occurs. These effects are primarily associated with seasonal flow and nutrient loading. The stormwater drainage system which has been constructed in the Malibu area was designed for the pur- pose of flood control and gave little consideration to water quality, seasonality, and destination. In addition, the system has not only transported stormwater and its associated contaminants, but has been used as an overflow "fail safe" for sewage pump stations. At present, stormwater runoff within the MCZ does not re- ceive deliberate treatment, though certain small marshes may provide some treatment through natural proc- esses. The stormwater drainage system within the City of Malibu therefore conveys a variety of potentially harmful contaminants to Malibu Lagoon and Santa Monica Bay. Malibu Creek empties into Malibu Lagoon. Malibu Lagoon is a small brackish estuary of approximately 13 acres (exclusive of adjacent associated land), but is significant since it is one of only two remaining coastal marshes in Los Angeles County. The estuary provides major migratory bird habitat, fish migration and spawning habitat, and it affects adjoining water-based recreation at Surfrider Beach. The estuary is main- tained by a sandbar that lies between the Malibu Creek outlet and the ocean. Periodically, the estuary is open to the ocean when creek flows have enough energy to push through the sandbar to the ocean. The estuary is also artificially opened to the ocean by the State Department of Parks and Recreation when its waters sur- pass 3.5 feet in depth. Due to increased surface discharges from Malibu Creek, increased baseflow during the summer, and the seasonal closure of the sand bar, the estuary experiences a variety of water quality prob- lems which include eutrophication from nutrients, potential health risks from pathogens, rapid and/or un- natural changes in pH and salinity gradients, sedimentation and temperature. 3.2.4.2 Water Supply The City of Malibu's water supply is provided by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). The MWD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the Colorado River. Wholesalers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District and the West Basin Municipal Water District. These wholesalers distribute to three retailers which include the Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 29, Silvas Park Mutual Water Company, and Las Virgenes Metro Water District. There are also a number of private wells that supply water within the City. However, the utilization of wells as a source of potable water has steadily declined since 1965, when water became available through the MWD. Although the amount of water supplied by these wells is now considered to be insignificant (Incorporation of Malibu EIR, 1989), they are sources of inexpensive water to agricultural and other interests located away from piped water service. 3.2.4.3 Groundwater Groundwater, including underground streams and springs, is one of the least understood resources in the Malibu area. Studies conducted throughout the City of Malibu including Big Rock, the most intensively studied area in the City, have been inconclusive in determining definitive information on subsurface re- CONSERVATION ELEMENT charge and discharge. The difficulties in quantifying groundwater stem from the complexity of the Malibu area's subsurface geology and subsurface flow. Groundwater is often held at different levels at a given loca- tion with each pocket of groundwater behaving differently. The amount and retention times of groundwater stored, its quality, seasonal and annual fluctuations, directions of movement and points of discharge are therefore, at best, only roughly determined (Malibu Wastewater Management Study, 1992). Due to the steep and impervious nature of the various small watersheds located within the MCZ, accompanied by the very rapid runoff of the low and variable annual rainfall, there are no local, dependable surface water supplies and very limited groundwater supplies within the MCZ. The various well and spring water sources, which had at one time provided a limited public water supply for the MCZ, have largely gone dry or have been contami- nated by sea water intrusion and other pollutants and are now abandoned. The few remaining viable private well water sources are of limited capacity and serve individual homes or small developments. The primary factors that effect the presence of groundwater in the Malibu area are seasonal and annual pre- cipitation patterns, topography, soil and rock permeability, and faults. Many of the rock formations in the area are not conducive for holding groundwater. Groundwater can be found along the coast in alluvium, beach deposits, and terrace deposits at a depth of only a few feet (Incorporation of Malibu EIR, 1989), but depth of groundwater increases in the consolidated rock of inland areas and can reach several hundred feet. The dominant source of groundwater recharge in the City is groundwater flow from the upper portions of the watersheds. Other sources of recharge include more localized percolation of rainfall, streamflow, irrigation runoff, and septic system disposal. 3.2.5 Beach and Shoreline Resources The City of Malibu has approximately 27 miles of coastal area. Within this coastal area, there are three dis- tinct elements, including the inshore or shoreface (where the water breaks onto the shore); the beach or shore; and the coast (upland from the beach or shore). The City of Malibu beach and shorelines consist of several geologic forms including, bedrock, terrace deposits, artificial fill, beach sand deposits, wind blown dune sand and rip-rap. The bedrock formations are found in either the high cliff areas (along Point Dume) or the highly fractured and broken bedrock areas (north of the fault trace at Paradise Cove) which are more prone to erosion. Ter- race, deposits consist of less hardened and consolidated material than the bedrock and are generally found at higher elevations on top of flat areas that overlook Malibu. Other terrace deposits are located west of Lechuza Point where the deposits extend down to the sea cliffs and bluffs of the coast. Artificial fill is lo- cated sporadically throughout Malibu, but is typically found in areas where it has been used for the construc- tion of roadways and beach front homes. In some cases, this fill has been exposed and is susceptible to ero- sion. The location of the fill material is otherwise difficult to determine. The sand supply along the Malibu coast is determined by the local littoral sediment system. There are two littoral cells along the Malibu coast: (1) the Zuma Cell west of Point Dume; and (2) the Santa Monica Cell east of Point Dume. Any consideration of coastal erosion and sedimentation for management purposes should recognize the discrete nature of the coastal process-response systems east and west of Point Dume. The Zuma Cell is considered a distinct entity because, although linked to the Santa Barbara Cell, much of the sediment derived from the west is lost down Hueneme and Mugu submarine canyons. These canyons and several smaller offshore canyons are the ultimate sinks for sediment moving from the Santa Barbara Cell into the Zuma Cell, for very little beach-forming sediment appears to continue eastward around Point Dume. The Santa Monica Cell extends from Point Dume to Palos Verdes Peninsula and is represented by the broad CONSERVATION ELEMENT arc of Santa Monica Bay which, compared to other parts of Southern California, is relatively shallow with a shelf less than 100 meters deep and extending 10 to 18 kilometers offshore (A. Orme, 1992; The Malibu Coast, Appendix B, Technical Memo 10, The Malibu Wastewater Study). Beach sand deposits are located along much of Malibu's shore zone. Although local beach sand deposits generally vary in thickness from 5 to 15 feet, Carbon Beach has approximately 25 feet of sand. Wind blown dune sands also occur in Malibu, but are generally associated with only the widest beaches. Some of these dunes contain sand deposits that are 30 feet above the original beach level. The last geologic formation is rip-rap. Large quantities of rip-rap have been imported and placed at scattered locations from Topanga Beach to the Ventura County line. In most cases, the large 4 to 6 foot in diameter boulders that make up the rip-rap are used to protect the toes of the fill slopes located along the Pacific Coast Highway. Further, dis- cussion of beach and shoreline resources is provided in the Safety Element. 3.2.5.1 Environmentally Sensitive Beach and Shoreline Resources The following areas have been identified as locations for sensitive beach and shoreline resources in the Malibu Coastal Zone: Arroyo Sequit Creek Mouth: This rocky headland and off-shore rock is west of the City limits. How- ever, it is affected by conditions and actions within the City. A diverse marine fauna, including mussel beds and rocky intertidal species, is located at this site. The mouth of the creek is a critical area during the annual migration of steelhead. Beach Area Between Nicholas Bluffs and Lechuza Point: This stretch of beach is relatively undis- turbed by recreational use and urban development. It supports a high diversity of habitats including tide pools, sandy beaches, beach cliffs and adjacent bluffs. Trancas Beach Dunes: Trancas Beach Dunes are the only extensive dunes in the MCZ. This area sup- ports a flora and fauna restricted to coastal foredunes and upper beaches. While many of the dunes are dominated by ice plant (Carpobrotus spp.), the outer dunes support native foredune vegetation. Zuma Creek Mouth: The mouth of Zuma Creek supports a small freshwater estuary and associated wetland vegetation. The area also supports a diverse array of aquatic insects, amphibians and birds. Al- though the creek mouth is exposed to foot traffic, garbage, grading and parking facilities, there is po- tential for the restoration of this area to a more diverse freshwater estuary with higher value and func- tion. Point Dume and Paradise Cove (including Pirate's Cove, Dume Cove, Little Dume and the asso- ciated headland): Point Dume is a prominent headland which rises approximately 200 feet above the Pacific Ocean. The area contains both sandy beaches and rocky points. Access is limited in the rocky areas, thus protecting the tide pools and other rocky intertidal habitats from intensive recreational use. Sensitive Coastal dune and bluff vegetation, including stands of giant coreopsis and other endangered species, exists along the bluffs and cliffs. Foot traffic in this area has led to the loss of portions of the unique dune and bluff vegetation. Paradise Cove: Tidepools hosting a variety of sea creatures (protected as an ESHA) extend intermit- tently from the western end of Paradise Cove to the Headlands of Point Dume. CONSERVATION ELEMENT Latigo Point: Latigo Point supports relatively undisturbed rocky headlands, tide pools and sandy beaches which contain a diversity of marine species. Malibu Lagoon: Several habitats including sandy beach, rocky beach, coastal dune, salt marsh, mud flats and salt-water to brackish estuary are supported by Malibu Lagoon. The site is part of the Pacific Flyway and the only estuary in Los Angeles County providing a stop-over for various migratory birds. Several species of native fishes, including the locally uncommon steelhead also utilize the estuary. Grunion-Spawning Grounds: Grunion spawn at the western end of Decker Beach, Zuma Beach, Sol- stice Beach and other locations throughout the Malibu area. The spawning grounds are considered sen- sitive because the continued success of the species depends on the availability of the spawning habitat. 3.2.6 Marine Resources The Malibu coastline is a relatively undisturbed coastal region where upwelling of nutrient-rich waters and a verity of habitats support highly productive and extremely diverse marine communities. The area possesses some of the best kelp bed habitat south of Santa Barbara, and the only remaining natural kelp beds on the mainline coast of Los Angeles County. These areas may be 100 times more productive than adjacent sand bottom communities and provide refuge, food, and nursery grounds for thousands of species. Rocky outcrops alternative with sandy stretches along this coastline and are found to a depth of 600 feet. The stability of the substrate and the variety of exposures provide microhabitats for a great number of organ- isms. Characteristically, rocky shorelines from the lower intertidal zone to about 100 foot depth can be the most biologically active areas in the world. Rocky intertidal habitat occurs at Point Dume, Leo Carillo and Big Rock. This coastline also possesses the only complete, undisturbed sandy beaches remaining in Los Angeles County. Although very dynamic in physical stability and, therefore, unfavorable for the development of a diverse biological community, these areas do offer habitat for a number of organisms. An important micro- community of decomposers is present. Sandy beaches provide feeding areas for many bird species. Previ- ously, a number of bird species nested on the sandy beaches including the snowy plover, the California least tern, and the light-footed clapper rail. In addition, the soft substrate offers a repository for eggs and nursery grounds for many species. The Malibu shoreline remains as a remnant of what once was typical of rocky and sandy shore-line in south- ern California. West of Point Dume, some minor pollution does occur but the kelp is healthy. East of Point Dume there is minor to moderate pollution and kelp does not grow below 35 feet (England and Nelson, 1976; SEA1: The Malibu Coastline). 3.2.6.1 Marine Vegetation Communities The only marine vegetation community which is described for the MCZ near-shore region is Surfweed (Thorne, 1976). This community occurs along the rocky coast below the low tide level where there is heavy surf. Only plants that can withstand the physical force of the waves can survive in this region. Common plants which occur in this community include sea-palms (Postelsia palmaeformis, Eisenia arborea), kelps (Macrocystis pyrifera, Egregia laevigata, Hesperophycus harveyanus, Halidrys dioica, Pelvetia fastigiata), red algae (Plocamium cartilagineum, Corallina officinalis), and surf-grass (Phyllospadix scouleri, Phyl- lospadix torreyi). CONSERVATION ELEMENT 3.2.6.2 Rare, Endangered and Threatened-Species The marine and beach area within the Malibu coastline includes the range of several endangered, rare and threatened species. The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) passes offshore in its annual migration. The southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) has been seen periodically off the Malibu Coast. This species has been extending its range southward and it appears to be only a matter of time before it will be established in kelp beds off the Malibu coast. Harbor seals and sea lions which are found along the Malibu coast are afforded protection under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Three other species, the California least tern (Sterna albirons bowni), the Belding savannah sparrow (Passer- culus sandwichensis beldingi) and the light-footed clapper rail (Rallus longirostris levipes), once had breed- ing colonies within this area. The California least tern and the light-footed clapper rail have been observed passing through, but not breeding in the area of Malibu Lagoon in recent years. The brown pelican (Pele- canus occidentalis) is seen in areas along the coast, such as Point Dume (LCP Research and Analysis Ap- pendices, Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning, 1982). 3.2.6.3 Environmentally Sensitive Marine Resources The following areas have been identified as locations for sensitive marine resources in the Malibu Coastal Zone: Arroyo Sequit Creek Mouth: This rocky headland and off-shore rock area support a diverse marine fauna. A major kelp bed lies offshore extending eastward to Trancas beach. Beach Area Between Nicholas Bluffs and Lechuza Point: This area supports offshore kelp beds. There is a small population of sea lions which haul out on the rocky portions of this stretch of beach, while grunion spawn in some of the sandy habitats. Point Dume and Paradise Cove (including Pirate's Cove, Little Dume and the associated head- lands): As shown in Figure CO-4, biologically-rich kelp beds are located offshore. Pismo Clams in- habit the reefs from the Headlands extending almost as far north as Trancas. Pismo Clam shells are of- ten found at Pirate's Cove. Sea lions which were once common in Pirate's Cove haul out on rocky is- lets and offshore buoys due to the growing number of people utilizing the cove. The ecological value of Point Dume is extremely high due to the presence and proximity of the many habitats and associated species. Specifically, the offshore habitat extending from the Headlands to Malibu Lagoon is desig- nated as an Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area. Paradise Cove: Relatively undisturbed rocky habitats with an abundant coverage of marine algae are present near Little Dume at the western side of Paradise Cove. These offshore reefs are considered by the State of California to be marine resources of special biological significance. Additionally, this area is an historical grunion spawning ground. Latigo Point: Latigo Point supports relatively undisturbed rocky headlands, tide pools and sandy beaches which contain a diversity of marine species. Latigo Point is scientifically important because it has been the site of numerous field studies documenting the characteristics of marine habitats, and it is the southern limit of distribution for a variety of marine species. CONSERVATION ELEMENT Kelp Beds: There are two major kelp beds in the Malibu area. One area is located between Leo Carrillo and Trancas Beach and the second stretches east from Point Dume to the Malibu Lagoon area. An abundant and diverse fauna and flora is associated with these kelp beds. Grunion-Spawning Grounds: Grunion spawn at the western end of Decker Beach, Zuma Beach, Sol- stice Beach and other locations throughout the Malibu area. The spawning grounds are considered sen- sitive because the continued success of the species depends on the availability of the spawning habitat. 3.2.6.4 Areas of Special Biological Significance (State Water Quality Control Board) The most extensive natural coastline in Los Angeles County is within the City of Malibu. Marine resources along the Malibu coast include kelp beds, tide pools, marine fisheries, offshore reefs, sandy beaches, rocky headlands, sea lion haul outs, coastal dunes and isolated wetlands. In order to protect these sensitive re- sources, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) designated the entire coastline from Point Mugu to Latigo Point as an Area of Special Biological Significance (ASBS). The SWRCB defines an ASBS as an area "requiring protection of species or biological communities to the extent that alteration of natural water quality is undesirable." The SWRCB has adopted water quality control plans which afford special pro- tection to marine life in an ASBS by prohibiting waste discharge within the area. Specifically, discharge of elevated temperature wastes and discrete, point source sewage or industrial process wastes in a manner that would alter the water quality conditions from those occurring naturally are prohibited. Additionally, dis- charge of waste from non-point sources, including but not limited to stormwater runoff, silt and urban run- off, must be controlled to the extent practicable. Designated Areas of Special Biological Significance must also be incorporated into the basin water quality control plans prepared by the Regional Water Quality Con- trol Board (RWQCB), and thus be used to establish waste discharge requirements in these areas. Based on the quality of the biological resources in the ASBS, the General Plan has designated the coastline between Point Mugu and Latigo Point as an environmentally sensitive habitat area (ESHA), consistent with the resource protection language of the Coastal Act. 3.2.7 Vegetation and Wildlife Resources The vegetation of the MCZ is the unique product of a Mediterranean climate, steep and varied topography and proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The MCZ has high ecological and species diversity which includes a number of endangered and threatened plants and animals. The location and type of vegetation in the MCZ depends largely on the type of soil and the amount of moisture available during annual period of drought from approximately April to October. The dominant chaparral and coastal sage communities are fire successional and strongly adapted to periodic wildfires. The vegetation of the MCZ is affected by the frequency, intensity and size of fires. The modern fire pattern is significantly different than that of the past due to fire suppression and arson. 3.2.7.1 Holland Terrestrial Plant Communities The Malibu Coastal Zone contains seven major categories of terrestrial vegetation communities, including: (a) Chaparrals; (b) Coastal Sage Scrub; (c) Oak Woodland and Forest; (d) Riparian Scrubs, Woodlands, and Forest; (e) Coastal Dune Scrub; (f) Freshwater Marsh; and (g) Coastal Brackish Marsh. These major vegeta- tion types have been further classified as discrete plant communities that generally share characteristic spe- cies and have similar physiographic site characteristics (Holland, Terrestrial Natural Communities of Cali- fornia; California Department of Fish and Game; 1986). CONSERVATION ELEMENT The California Natural Diversity Database (NDDB) identifies 25 plant communities in the Santa Monica Mountains. The plant communities, and their status by the California Department of Fish and Game, are identified in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 MALIBU/SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS HOLLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES WITH CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME STATUS (Revised July 1995) Rankings and Status Communities Ecologically Very Status Threatened Important Threatened Coastal Plant Communities

Coast Live Oak Woodland S4 Yes

Valley Oak Woodland S2.1 Yes Yes CONSERVATION ELEMENT Key to California Department of Fish and Game Status Codes State Code Abbreviations: Distribution: Degree of Endangerment: S1: <2,000 acres S .1: Very Threatened S .2: Threatened S2: 2,000 - 50,000 acres S3: > 50,000 \text{ acres} S_.3: No Current Threats S4: Apparently Secure S5: Demonstrably Secure Definitions: Very Threatened: The majority of occurrences are threatened. Threatened: Some but not the majority of occurrences are threatened. CDFG "Sensitive" Habitat Types: Elements with a distribution of S3 or less and a degree of endangerment of S_.2 or less. Ecologically Important: Habitat of high biological diversity or habitat necessary to sustain normal ecosystem processes. The following describes these natural communities: Southern Coastal Bluff Scrub: Another plant community which is associated with coastal locations is Southern Coastal Bluff Scrub. This community occurs on rocky, poorly developed soils of coastal bluffs and slopes that are exposed to salt-laden, desiccating winds. Characteristic species include a va- riety of woody or succulent plants that can reach three feet in height. Such as Coreopsis gigantea, Atri- plex centformis, Eurelia californica, hoploppippos enicoricles, and H. venetrus. This community has been significantly reduced due to beach front development and other disturbances within the MCZ and is now limited to the Point Dume area. As with many of the previously described plant communities, it is considered to be a highest priority special plant community which is in need of protection. Southern Foredunes: Areas of sand accumulation along the coast historically supported Southern Foredunes. This community, which typically occurs on foredunes or upper beaches, is now much re- duced due to urban and other development. Southern Foredunes are dominated by a variety of suffru- tescent (woody but diminutively shrubby) plants that are typically less than one foot in height. Charac- teristic species include sand-verbena (Abronia spp.), silver beachweed (Ambrosia chamissonis) and horned sea-rocket (Cakile maritima) in exposed sites, while beach morning-glory (Calystegia soldanella) and beach evening primrose (Camissonia cheiranthifolia) are more common in sites less exposed to desiccating, salt and sand-bearing winds. Due to the limited remaining distribution of this community and development pressure on areas which support the community, it is identified by the California Department of Fish and Game as a highest priority special plant community which should be protected. Southern foredunes can be found at Broad Beach and some elements at Zuma Beach, Point Dume and Leo Carillo State Beach. Southern Dune Scrub: A dense coastal scrub community of scattered shrubs, subshrubs and herbs, generally less that 1 meter tall and often developing considerable cover. Intergrades toward the coast with Southern Foredunes and away from the coast on rockier soils with Venturan Sage Scrub. Species include Atriplex leucophylla, Croton californicus, Ericamerica ericoides, Haplopappus venetus vernonioides, Lupinus chamissonis, Opuntia littoralis and Rhus integrifolia. With the notable exception CONSERVATION ELEMENT of the El Segundo Dunes, this community has been virtually eliminated from mainland southern Cali- fornia. Other small examples persist in Baja California, the Channel Islands and Point Dume. Coastal Brackish Marsh: Malibu Lagoon is classified as a Coastal Brackish Marsh. This community type usually occurs at the interior edges of coastal bays and estuaries or in coastal lagoons. The com- munity is dominated by perennial, emergent, monocots which are characteristic of both coastal Fresh- water Marsh and Southern Coastal Salt Marsh. Although salinity in this community often varies con- siderably it is more often brackish due to substantial freshwater input and limited marine influence in the summer months due to the development of a sand barrier between the estuary and the ocean. Brack- ish marsh vegetation, like that of southern coastal salt marshes, includes a variety of halophytic (salt- tolerant) species. At Malibu Lagoon, the dominant species are Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), jaumea (Jaumea samosa) and pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) (Manion and Dillingham, 1989). The distribu- tion of brackish and coastal salt marshes has been severely restricted along the southern California coast and much of the habitat has been degraded. This community is, therefore, considered a highest priority community in need of protection. Freshwater Marsh: Coastal Freshwater Marsh typically occurs in small pockets within the floodplains of the MCZ's drainages. These areas are permanently flooded or saturated with freshwater and typi- cally are dominated by rushes (Juncus spp.), tules (Scirpus spp.) and cattail (Typha spp.). The marsh wetlands which occur at the mouths of the largest watershed, including Topanga, Trancas, Zuma and Arroyo Sequit, can be characterized as seasonal estuaries. These wetlands are exposed to marine tidal influences during the winter months, but are isolated from the Ocean as stream flows decline and sand barriers develop. Despite the periodic influences of salt water, these habitats are characterized as pre- dominately freshwater wetland habitats. The Santa Monica Bay Restoration Project's "Wetland Inven- tory and Restoration Potential" report identified the estuary at Zuma Beach as having freshwater vege- tation (see page 4 of the Appendix of that report). Coastal Freshwater Marsh also develops in isolated depressions which are fed by springs or seeps. Al- though areas of this type that support the community are less common in the MCZ, there is a large Coastal Freshwater Marsh located at the mouth of an unnamed canyon north of Trancas Canyon (Josselyn et al, 1992). Due to urban development, stream channelization for flood control, and altera- tion of hydrological input, this community has experienced a significant reduction in distribution and is considered a highest priority community in need of protection. Valley Needlegrass Grassland: This native grassland is characterized by perennial, tussock-forming valley needlegrass (Stipa pulchra), but often supports a cover of various other native and introduced annuals which provide greater cover than the needlegrass. This community usually occurs on fine- textured soils that are moist or even waterlogged during winter when germination occurs, but are very dry during summer. This community is considered to be very threatened due to the limited distribution of remaining stands, competition with introduced annual grasses, and development pressure on areas which support the community. The community is identified by the California Department of Fish and Game as a highest priority special plant community which is in need of protection. Non-Native Grassland: Non-native Grassland occupies many of the areas which would have histori- cally supported Valley Needlegrass Grassland. This community consists of a dense to sparse cover of annual grasses which are more effective competitors than native bunchgrasses when areas are over- grazed or regularly disturbed in other ways. The community is also often associated with numerous CONSERVATION ELEMENT species of native annual wildflowers, especially in years of favorable rainfall. Non-native Grassland occurs on the same soils that support Valley Needlegrass Grassland and often intergrades with Coast Live Oak Woodland much as the native grassland does. Although not considered a rare or threatened community, this plant association provides important wildlife habitat and is now much reduced in dis- tribution in Los Angeles County due to agricultural and urban development. Coastal Sage Scrub: The Coastal Sage Scrub community is represented by Venturan Coastal Sage Scrub. This community is characterized by low, mostly soft-woody shrubs that are 0.5 to 2 meters tall. Crowns in this community often touch and in some areas there is typically bare ground underneath and between shrubs (while in other areas there is an understory). Common plants in this community include California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), black sage (Salvia mellifera), purple sage (Salvia leuco- phylla), California encelia (Encelia californica), deer weed (Lotus scoparius), and California buck- wheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum). This community is considered to be a sensitive plant community type by the CDFG due to development pressure on areas which support the community type. Chaparral: The local chaparral community is principally Chamise Chaparral. This one to three meter tall chaparral is overwhelmingly dominated by chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum). Other associated species such as Eastwood's manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa), big-pod ceanothus (Ceanothus megacarpus), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), and toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) gen- erally contribute little to total cover. This community occurs on the shallow, dry soils of slopes and ridges and is characterized by a relatively frequent fire cycle (every 10 to 15 years). Because of this frequent fire cycle, many species within the community respond to fire by stump and root sprouting and by germination of fire stimulated seeds. Mature stands, not recently affected by fire, are often densely interwoven and support very little herbaceous understory. Another relatively common chaparral which occurs in the MCZ is big-pod ceanothus chaparral. This tall, dense chaparral is strongly dominated by big-pod ceanothus. This species does not stump sprout, but is apparently long lived in the absence of fire. The community typically occurs on dry slopes with shallow, rocky soils and intergrades with Venturan Coastal Sage Scrub and Chamise Chaparral on drier sites and Coast Live Oak Woodland on moister sites. Less common chaparrals that occur in the MCZ include hoary-leaf ceanothus chaparral, Redshank Chaparral, Scrub Oak Chaparral, and Northern Mixed Chaparral. These communities are each more fully described by Holland in the State Depart- ment of Fish and Game's Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Vegetation Communities of California (1986). Riparian Woodland, Scrub, and Forest: Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest is similar to Coast Live Oak Woodland, but is characterized by a denser canopy which is largely closed. This community typically occurs in well-shaded valley bottoms and along low, adjacent slopes. It provides resources which are similar to the resources provided by Coast Live Oak Woodland. The California Department of Fish and Game identifies this as a highest priority special plant community in need of protection. Other local communities which are largely associated with drainages include a variety of riparian woodland, forest, and scrub communities. These communities include Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest, Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland, White Alder Riparian Forest, Southern Willow Scrub, and Mule Fat Scrub. Distinctions between these communities are often vague as they intergrade with one another, but spe- cies composition and physiographic characteristics often allow these riparian communities to be identi- • CONSERVATION ELEMENT fied to type. Each of these communities with the exception of Mule Fat Scrub are considered to be ecologically important. White Alder Riparian Forest is a medium to tall deciduous streamside forest dominated by white alder (Alnus rhombifolia). Understories are shrubby, deciduous and typically represented by wil- lows (Salix spp.) and mule fat (Baccharis saliciplia). This community is best represented along the high gradient reaches of perennial steep-sided drainages and as a consequence generally oc- curs as a very narrow riparian corridor. Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland is a tall deciduous streamside woodland that is dominated by western sycamore (Platanus racemosa) and occasional white alders. These wood- land stands seldom form closed canopies and may even appear as trees scattered in a shrubby thicket. The community is typically associated with rocky stream beds that are subject to high in- tensity flooding. The intermittent nature of most of the drainages within the MCZ favors western sycamore as the dominant species, but white alder increases in abundance on more perennial streams. Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest is a tall, open, deciduous riparian forest dominated by Fremont's cottonwood (Popuius fremontii), western sycamore, and various tree willows (Salix spp.). Understories are usually shrubby willows. This community usually occurs on the lower gra- dient reaches of perennial drainages where it is best represented in subirrigated canyon bottoms and overflow areas as well as along stream sides. The community is perhaps not differentiable from Southern Cottonwood Sycamore Riparian Forest with the exception that this latter commu- nity may be characterized as containing a higher proportion of western sycamores and is more likely to occur on sub-perennial or intermittent streams. Cottonwood is relatively uncommon in the Malibu Coastal Zone and neither community type is abundant. Southern Willow Scrub occurs as a dense, deciduous riparian thicket dominated by several species of willows. Scattered emergent Fremont's cottonwoods and western sycamores are also often pre- sent. The community occurs along the lower gradient reaches of drainages where sandy or fine al- luvium is deposited. This early seral stage requires frequent disturbance from flooding to prevent succession to Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest or Southern Cottonwood Sycamore Riparian Forest. Mule Fat Scrub is a tall, herbaceous riparian scrub that is strongly dominated by mule fat. This early seral community is maintained by frequent flooding. In the absence of such flooding the community succeeds to a variety of cottonwood or sycamore-dominated forests or woodlands. The community typically occurs along intermittent stream channels with fairly coarse substrate and moderate depth to the water table. It often occurs as a patchy understory in light gaps in cot- tonwood or sycamore-dominated riparian woodlands. California Walnut Woodland: California Walnut Woodland is similar to Coast Live Oak Woodland but with a more open tree canopy locally dominated by California walnut (Julous californica). The more open canopy allows a more extensive development of a grassy understory. The community typi- cally occurs on relatively moist, fine-textured soils of valley slopes and canyon bottoms, but may also occur around rocky outcrops of slopes and canyon walls. Drier, rockier sites often intergrade to Ven- turan Coastal Sage Scrub, while moister sites intergrade to Coast Live Oak Woodland or Southern CONSERVATION ELEMENT Coast Live Oak Forest. This community is also identified as a highest priority special plant community which is in need of protection by the California Department of Fish and Game. Oak Woodlands: Oak Woodlands within the MCZ are primarily Coast Live Oak Woodland. This community typically occurs on north-facing slopes and shaded ravines in the Malibu area. On drier sites, Coast Live Oak Woodland intergrades with Venturan Coastal Sage Scrub and Chamise Chapar- ral. As the name implies, this oak woodland community is dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agri- folia). On deeper, bottom land soils and along larger streams, this community intergrades to Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest. Oak woodlands are locally important because they provide a variety of food, shelter, shade, and nesting site resources which are not provided by other, more widely dis- tributed communities. Valley Oak Woodland occurs on the interior valley and coastal slopes, fre- quently on the valley bottom on deep, well drained alluvial soils. 3.2.7.2 Wildlife Habitat The Malibu Coastal Zone (MCZ) supports a rich and diverse fauna of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and invertebrates. Sufficient intact wildland habitat still remains in the MCZ and throughout the Santa Monica Mountains to support almost the entire complement of wildlife native to the Santa Monica Moun- tains, including large mammals such as the mountain lion, bobcat, coyote and deer. Each of the vegetation communities of the MCZ provide wildlife habitat. Although each community pro- vides essential habitat parameters for certain species, some of these communities provide higher value habi- tat or habitat for a wider diversity of species. The location of environmentally sensitive resource areas which function as important wildlife habitat are displayed in Figure CO-3. Riparian scrubs, woodlands and forests are often characterized as having the greatest biological diversity and the highest productivity of all California wildlife habitats. Riparian vegetation communities provide shade, food, cover, breeding habitat, water and dispersal and migration corridors for many mammal species, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, and invertebrate. A significant number of wildlife species are found only in riparian habitats. Twenty-five percent of California mammals, 80% of amphibians, and 40% of reptiles are limited to or dependent upon riparian zones, and more than 135 species of California birds depend upon or prefer ri- parian habitats. Oak woodland and forest provides many of the same habitat parameters as riparian habitats. The most nota- ble exception is the availability of water. Oak woodland and forest also improves the wildlife habitat value of other adjacent vegetation communities since species which occur in grasslands, chaparral or scrub make significant use of the shade, food and cover of adjacent oak habitat. Significant stands of oak woodland and forest have been mapped in the Malibu Local Coastal Program (1986) (see Figure CO-3). Coastal sage scrub is a community which lacks the total species diversity of the two previously described wildlife habitats, but which is none-the-less important to discuss due to its significant reduction during the last 40 years. Estimates place the extant coastal sage scrub at between 10 and 30% of the historic distribution of the community. As a consequence at least 35 species of California wildlife associated with coastal sage scrub are considered to have sensitive status due to the limited and often fragmented distribution of remain- ing areas of this community (Murphy, 1992). A number of these species occur or potentially occur in the MCZ. The sensitive animal species associated with Southern California's coastal sage scrub include the fol- lowing: Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow, Bell's sage sparrow, California horned lizard, San CONSERVATION ELEMENT Diego horned lizard, Coastal western whiptail, Coast patch-nose snake, Coastal Rosy boa, Southwestern pond turtle. Freshwater marsh is a habitat which has been severely reduced throughout California. Within the MCZ this habitat may have never been very extensive with the exception of occurrences at the mouths of the larger drainages. Many of the areas which historically supported this habitat have been filled and developed or have been altered due to channelization and other flood control activities. The current wildlife habitat value of most areas in the MCZ supporting this community are is limited due to the extent and degradation of the habitat. It should be noted however that the habitat and water quality values and functions of this community can be restored and expanded with proper planning and implementation. Efforts of this type are important because the year-round water and vegetative cover provided by freshwater marsh is important to many wet- land-inhabiting species of wildlife. Coastal brackish marsh in the MCZ occurs only at Malibu Lagoon. The estuary provides important wildlife habitat for a variety of species including resident and migratory birds, resident and migratory fish, and a number of brackish and saltwater species of invertebrates. Bird diversity and abundance is greatest during January to March when northern breeding species which winter in the area are attracted to the predictable fish and invertebrate resources of the estuary. Species which are typically observed during winter include a variety of gulls, dabbling and diving ducks, fish-eating divers (i.e., cormorants, loons and mergansers), plunge divers (i.e., terns and belted kingfisher), and long-legged waders (i.e., herons and egrets). Although the abundance and diversity of bird species declines from March to August there is still significant use of the estuary during this time. During surveys conducted from April 1987 to March 1988 a total of 151 species of birds were recorded at Malibu Lagoon (Manion and Dillingham, 1989). The estuary also provides habitat for fish. Twenty-nine species of native and non-native fish have been re- corded in the estuary (Swift, 1982). The estuary has been identified as a breeding and nursery ground for several species of coastal fish including California halibut (Paralichthys californicus). Many species utilize coastal estuaries as breeding and nursery grounds because of abundant food, warmer water temperatures and reduced competition or predation from other fishes. Species which appear to be most abundant in the estuary include California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis), topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), arrow goby (Clevelandia ios) and staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus). These four species represented over 98% of individuals accounted for during studies conducted in 1987-1988 (Manion and Dillingham, 1989). Malibu Lagoon provides habitat for the Tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), a federally listed en- dangered species. Malibu Lagoon has been identified as a critical habitat component in the life cycle of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which spawn in Malibu Creek. Malibu Creek is the southernmost run of the steelhead. Juvenile steelhead enter the estuary prior to continuing on to the ocean. The time spent in the brackish waters of the estuary allows the juvenile steelhead the necessary time to transition physiologically from freshwater to saltwater. Historically, the steelhead stayed in the estuary until winter storms opened the estuary to the ocean. It is unknown what effect the aseasonal input of freshwater to the estuary and the artifi- cial opening of the estuary to the ocean have had on the Malibu Creek steelhead population, but it can be assumed that the effects have been deleterious. There is evidence that Malibu Creek steelhead has experi- enced dramatic decreases in its population. During 1987-1988 only one adult steelhead is known to have been recorded from Malibu Creek (Jensen, 1989). CONSERVATION ELEMENT In addition to the habitat provided by vegetation communities, there are a variety of other natural areas which provide habitat for local wildlife. These areas include habitat provided by drainages and ponds, rocky and sandy intertidal zones, and offshore rocks and islets. Freshwater aquatic habitat is limited within the MCZ, due to the short rainy season and the steep topogra- phy. Most local drainages typically contain intermittent streams which have no surface flow for up to eight months of the year. These intermittent streams, as well as more perennial drainages, provide important habi- tat for a variety of aquatic or semi-aquatic amphibians, reptiles, fish and invertebrates. Although the pres- ence of surface water in the MCZ is typically seasonal, the species which rely on this resource have evolved in response to the seasonal precipitation pattern. Many of the species which utilize local streams, migrate or move from other adjacent habitats to these drainages when they have surface flow or pooled water (i.e. an- urans, California newt, steelhead). Other species such as the native arroyo chub (Gila orcutti) are resident in the perennial reaches of the streams. Freshwater ponds also provide aquatic habitat within the MCZ. These bodies of water support many of the same species as local drainages and provide a source of water for terrestrial species. Freshwater ponds are found in Solstice, Corral, Trancas and Zuma Canyons and at Nicholas Flats (Sarah Dixon, Malibu General Plan Task Force, pers. comm.). The MCZ contains a variety of rocky and sandy intertidal habitats. These areas support a diversity of marine invertebrates which in turn support many species of coastal birds. Sandy intertidal habitats on Malibu beaches also provide spawning habitat for grunion. Offshore rocks and islets provide nesting sites and refuge for marine mammals, and coastal and pelagic birds. These areas are generally inaccessible to humans and domestic animals and as such are usually secure from disturbance from human activities. These resources are used as haul outs by California sea lions (Zalo- phus californianus) and as breeding sites by gulls (Larus spp.) and cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.). These resources also often provide habitat for shorebirds which feed in rocky intertidal habitats. 3.2.7.3 Rare, Endangered or Threatened Species Sensitive species within the MCZ are here identified as those plants and animals that are considered rare, threatened, or endangered by state or federal agencies, thereby requiring special protection; see Tables 3-2 and 3-3. Many of these species are currently protected by the state and federal Endangered Species Acts. Other species are protected by provisions of the Fish and Game Code of California as fully protected spe- cies. Species which do no receive protection from the aforementioned regulations, but which are experienc- ing local and regional population declines, are often considered or identified as candidates for listing under the state and federal Endangered Species Acts. The California Department of Fish and Game maintains a statewide inventory on sensitive threatened plant and animal species. These species receive limited protec- tion through mitigation of impacts to the species under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Many of the sensitive species in Malibu are associated with coastal wetland and strand habitats which are becoming increasingly rare biotic communities due to coastal development. Many other sensitive species within the MCZ are associated with riparian vegetation communities. CONSERVATION ELEMENT Table 3-2 RARE, THREATENED OR ENDANGERED ANIMALS POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS (July 1995) Status of Species 1 Santa Monica Species Federal Status State Status Mountains Status MAMMALS Euderma maculatum C2 CSC Spotted Bat Eumops percis califronicus C2 CSC Greater Western Matiff Bat Macrotus californicus C2 CSC California Leaf-nosed Bat Myotis lucifugus occultus C2 CSC Occult Little Brown Bat Pelcotus townsendii townsendii C2 CSC Pacific Western Big-eared Bat Reithrodontomys megalotus limicola C3 CSC Southern Marsh Harvest Mouse Sorex ornatus salicornicus C2 CSC Salt Marsh Ornate Shrew Taxidea taxus American Badger Lepus californicus bennettii C2 . Black-tailed Hare Bassariscus astutus CP Ringtail Mustela frenata U Long-Tailed Weasel Zelis concolor U Mountain lion BIRDS Ixobrychus exilis hesperis C2 CSC Western Least Bittern Pelecanus erythrorhynchos CSC American White Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis californicus FE CE Brown Pelican Histrionicus histrionicus C2 CSC Harlequin Duck Gymnogyps californianus FE CE California Condor CONSERVATION ELEMENT Haliaeetus leucocephalus FE CE Bald Eagle Aquila chrysaetos CSC Golden Eagle Accipiter cooperli CSC Cooper's Hawk Pandion haliaetus CSC Osprey Elanus caeruleus CP Black-shouldered Kite Circus cyaneus CSC Northern Harrier C2 Accipiter striatus CSC Sharp-shinned Hawk CT Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk C2 Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk Falco pergrinus anatum FE CE American Peregrin Falcon C2 Lanius Iudovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Dendroica petechia brewsteri CSC Yellow Warbler C2 Aimophila ruficeps canescens Southern California Rufous-crowned Sparrow Amphispiza belli belli C2 Bell's Sage Sparrow Ardea herodias SA (for breeding Great Blue Heron habitat) Nycticorax nycticorax SA (for breeding Black-crowned Night-heron habitat) Č2 Oreortyx pictus Mountain Quail Tyto alba SC Barn Owl CSC Asio otus Long-eared Owl Melanerpes lewis SC Lewis' Woodpecker CSC Empidonax traillii extimus Transient Southwestern Willow Flycatcher S SC Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird CONSERVATION ELEMENT lcteria virens CSC Potential transient Yellow-Breasted Chat REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Clemmys marmorata pallida C2 CSC Southwestern Pond Turtle Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei C2 CSC San Diego Horned Lizard Phrynosoma cornatum frontale C2 CSC California Horned Lizard Cnemidophorus tiqris multiscutatus C2 Coastal Western Whiptail Anniella pulchra pulchra C2 CSC San Diego Mountain King Snake Lichanura trivirgata roseofusca C2 Coastal Rosy Boa Salvadora hexalepis virgultea C2 CSC Coast Patch-nosed Snake Thamnophis hammondii C2 CSC Two-striped Garter Snake Ensatina eschscholtzii u Ensatina Anniella p. pulchra U Silvery Legless Lizard Aneides lugubris u Arboreal Salamander Leptotyphlops humilis u Southwestern Blind Snake Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis u California Red-Sided Garter Snake Coluber constictor mormon u Western Yellow-Bellied Racer Masticophis flagellum u Red Coastwhip Diadophus punctablus modestus C2 San Bernardino Ringtail Snake Bufo microscaphus californicus FE CSC Southwestern Arroyo Toad Rana aurora draytoni FPE CSC Extirpated California Red-legged Frog FISHES Eucyclogobius newberryi FE CSC Tidewater Goby Oncorhyndus mykiss FPE Steelhead Trout CONSERVATION ELEMENT INVERTEBRATES FPE Euphydryas editha quino Extirpated Wright's Checkerspot Butterfly C3 Lycaena arota nubila Clouded Tailed Copper Butterfly C2 Panoguina errans Salt Marsh Skipper C2 Satyrium auretorum fumosum Santa Monica Mountains Hairstreak Brennania belkini C2 Belkins Dune Tanid Fly C2 Neduba longipennis U Santa Monica Shieldback katydid C2 SA Proceratium californicum Valley Oak Ant C2 Trigonoscuta dorothea dorothea Dorothy's El Segundo Dune Weevil Carolella busckana C2 Busck's Galimoth S Zerene eurydice locally sensitive (Calif. California Dogface state insect) Danaus plexippus SA (threats to Monarch winter roost sites) 'CODE Federal Status FE Endangered FP Proposed - proposed regulation published in the Federal Register, no final rule. C Candidate - under consideration for listing, but yet to be the subject of a final rule. C1 - substantial data exist to support candidacy C2 - data suggest listing is possibly appropriate but incomplete C3 - non-candidates, but appeared on previous lists C3A - extinct C3B - taxonomically invalid C3C - too widespread, currently not threatened S Sensitive - (USDI: FWS, 1986) State Status Codes CE = California endangered CP = California protected CSC = California special concern (CDFG, 1987) CT = California threatened SA = Special animal (CDFG, 1987) Santa Monica Mountains Status U = uncommon (USDI: NPS 1982) u = uncommon (DeLisle, et al., 1986) SC = Special concern (Tate, 1986) CONSERVATION ELEMENT Table 3-3 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS (July 1994) Abronia maritima (Nyctaginaceae) Red sand verbena, perennial herb CNPS: 4; R-E-D Code: 1-2-2; CoDns, Pt. Dume, west State/Fed status: - /PE Astragalus brauntonii (Fabaceae) Braunton's milk-vetch, perennial CNPS: 1B; R-E-D Code: 3-2-3; Dist soil, fire breaks, burns, herb State/Fed status: - /PE Temescal, Mal Cyns., limestone (carbonate) endemic, Topanga A. pychostachyus var. lanosissimus Ventura marsh milk-vetch, CNPS: 1A; last seen: 1967; Coastal salt marsh, Mugu, (Fabaceae)** perennial herb State/Fed status: - /C2* presumed extirpated throughout A. tener var. titi (Fabaceae)* Coastal dunes milk-vetch, annual CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-3-3, Vernal, moist clay flats, Santa herb State/Fed status: CE /C1 Monica (FISMM) CBScr (sandy), CoDns (CNPS Invn), presumed extirpated in LAX Co. Atriplex coulteri (Chenopodiaceae) Coulter's saltbush, perennial herb CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-2, Coastal bluffs near Pt. Dume State/Fed status: CEQA /- or clay (FISMM), CBScr, CoDns, (CNPS Invn) CoScr, VFGrs, alkaline Baccharis malibuensis (Asteraceae) Malibu baccharis, shrub Listing pending publication of Shaded canyons name Baccharis plummerae ssp. plummerae Plummer's baccharis, shrub CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-1-3. Shaded canyons near coast (Asteraceae) State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Boykinia rotundifolia (Saxifragaceae) Round-leaved boykinia, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 3-1-1, Moist soil near streams, lower perennial herb State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Mal. Cyn., Mesic Chpl, RpWdl Calandrinia breweri (Portulacaceae) Brewer's calandrinia, annual CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-1-2, Dist. sites, burns, scattered herb State/Fed status: CEQA? /- throughout (FISMM), Chpl, CoScr/dist sites, burns, wide dist., but uncommon everywhere (CNPS Invn) Calandrinia maritima (Portulacceae) Seaside calandrinia, annual herb CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-1, Sand or sea bluffs/CSS, Santa State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Monica (FISMM), CBScr, VFGrs/sandy (CNPS Invn) Calochortus catalinae (Liliaceae) Catalina mariposa lily, perennial CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Meadows, VFGrs herb (bulbiferous) State/Fed status: CEQA? /- C. plummerae (Liliaceae) Plummer's mariposa lily, CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-3, Scattered and local on rocky perennial herb (bulbiferous) State/Fed status: - / C2 slopes at low elevation away from coast, throughout (FISMM), Chpl, Wdl, CoScr, LCFrs, VFGrs (CNPS Invn) Camissonia lewisii (Onagraceae) Lewis's evening primrose, CNPS: 3, R-E-D Code: ?-?-2, Point Dume (FISMM), CoBScr, annual herb State/Fed status; CEOA? /- CoDns, CoScr, VFGrs /sandy or clay (CNPS Invn) Cercocarpus betuloides ssp. Island mountain-mahogany, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-1-3, 1800' Saddle Rock, Chpl CONSERVATION ELEMENT blancheae (Rosaceae) shrub State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Chamaebatia australis (Rosaceae) Southern mountain misery, shrub CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: I-2-1, Rare on north-facing slopes, State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Rocky Oaks (FISMM), Chpl Chorizanthe parryi var., parryi Parry's spineflower, annual herb CNPS: 3, R-E-D Code: ?-2-3, NDDB rept. in Latigo Cyn. (Polygonaceae) State/Fed status: - / C2 Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Salt marsh bird's beak, annual CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-2, Coastal salt marsh - Mugu, maritimus (Scrophulariaceae) herb (hemiparasitic) State/Fed status: CE / FE (extirpated Topanga quad), no record for Malibu Lagoon Coreopsis gigantea (Asteraceae) Giant coreopsis, herbaceous Not listed - too common, CoBScr, southern extreme of perennial (succulent) indicator of CoBScr distribution CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-2-3, Delphinium parryi ssp blochmaniae Dune larkspur, perennial herb Chpl (maritime), CoDn Long (Ranunculaceae) State/Fed status: - / C2 Grade Cyn, Camarillo Dichondra occidentalis Western dichondra, creeping CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-1. Locally abundant, inconspicuous, (Convovulaceae) perennial herb State/Fed status: - / C3c bare slopes after fire Beach spectaclepod, perennial CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-3-2, Dithyrea maritima (Brassicaceae) Sand dunes-Santa Monica herb (rhizomatous) State/Fed status: CT / C1 (FISMM), CoDns, CoScr (sandy), extirpated in SMM's? Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Blochman's dudleya, herbaceous CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-3-3, Stony open slopes often in clay, blochmaniae (Crassulaceae) perennial (succulent) State/Fed status: - / C2 Conejo common near grade, rare Pt. Dume, extirpated Malibu Beach, Santa Monica Canyon (CoBScr, CoScr, VFGr) D. caespitosa Southern limit of Pt. Dume, sandy cliffs D. cymosa ssp. marcescens Marcescent dudleya, herbaceous CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-2-3, Sheer volcanic rock surfaces, (Crassulaceae) perennial (succulent) State/Fed status: CR / PT adjacent to perr, streams Malibu Creek St. Park, volcanic Chpl D. cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Santa Monica Mountains CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-3, Exposed north-facing slopes (Crassulaceae) dudleya, herbaceous perennial State/Fed status: - / PT Westlake to Agoura, deep (succulent) canyon bottoms, lower Malibu Cyn, and Topanga Cyn, volcanic Chpl, CoScr Dudleya multicaulis (Crassulaceae) Many stemmed dudleya, CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Santa Monica, Hollywood, Chpl, herbaceous perennial (succulent) State/Fed status: - / C2 CoScr, VFGrs / often clay, extirpated in SMM's? D. abramsii ssp. parva (Crassulaceae) Conejo Grade, Simi Hills Conejo dudleya CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-2-3, CoScr, VFGrs / rocky, clay Herbaceous perennial (succulent) State/Fed status: - / PT D. verityi (Crassulaceae) Verity's dudleya, herbaceous CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-2-3, Lower Conejo Grade, Ventura Chpl, CoScr, CmWdl / volcanic perennial (succulent) State/Fed status: - / PT Eriogonum crocatum (Polygonaceae) Conejo buckwheat, herbaceous CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-3, Conejo grade, volcanic outcrops, perennial State/Fed status: CR / C2 Santa Rosa Valley Lake, Eleanor, Chpl, CoScr, VFGrs / Conejo volcanic outcrops CONSERVATION ELEMENT Erysimum insulare ssp. suffrutescens Suffrurescent wallflower, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Rare, Pt. Mugu, CBScr, CoDns, (Brassicaceae) perennial herb State/Fed status: CEQA? / - CoScr Gallium cliftonsmithii (Rubiaceae) Santa Barbara bedstraw, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-1-2, Oak woodland perennial herb State/Fed status: CEQA? / - Hermizonia minthornii (Asteraceae) Santa Susana tarweed, subshrub CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 2-2-3, Rocky outcrops, CoScr, Chpl State/Fed status: CE / C1 Hordeum intercedens (Poaceae) VnIP, Vernal barley, annual herb CNPS: 3, R-E-D Code: ?-2-2, Rill on dry adobe soil, NE slope State/Fed status: CEQA? /- of Conejo Mtn., VFGrs Juglans californica var californica Southern California black CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Southern Oak Woodland or (Juglandaceae) walnut, tree State/Fed status: CEQA? /- Chaparral on north or otherwise moist slopes Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Southwestern spiny rush, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-1. Alkaline seeps, coastal salt (Juncaceae) perennial herb (rhizomatous) State/Fed status: CEQA? /- marsh, CoDns (mesic) Lepichinia fragrans (Lamiaceae) Fragrant pitcher sage, shrub CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Triunfo Pass, Upper Decker State/Fed status: CEOA? /- Cyn., Chpl Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Ocellated humboldt lily, CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Riparian oak woodland (Liliaceae) perennial herb (bulbiferous) State/Fed status: - / C2 Mucronea californica (Polygonaceae) California spineflower, annual CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-2-3, Rare in So. Cal., sandy flats herb State/Fed status: CEQA? / - behind Pt. Dume, CoDns, CoScr, VFGrs / sandy Nama stenocarpum Mud nama, annual/perennial herb CNPS: 2, R-E-D Code: 3-2-1, Rare, wet heavy soils, Santa (Hydrophyllaceae)* State/Fed status: CEQA / - Monica (FISMM), SwMsh (lake margins, riverbanks) (CNPS Invn), extirpated SMM Pentachaeta lyonii (Asteraceae) Lyon's pentachaeta, annual herb; CNPS: 1B, R-E-D Code: 3-3-3, Chpl. openings, VFGrs, exposed assoc. Chorizanthe staticoides, State/Fed status: CE / PE soils with little cover Calochortus catalinae Stipa pulchra Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Fish's milkwort, shrub CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: 1-1-2, Shaded slopes, Chpl, or Southern (Polygalaceae) (deciduous) State/Fed status: CEQA? / - oak woodland Senecio aphanactis (Asteraceae) Rayless ragwort, annual herb CNPS: 2, R-E-D Code: 3-2-1, Rare in So. Cal., Camarillo, State/Fed status: CEQA / - Newbury Park quads., CmWld, CoScr / alkaline Suaeda esteroa (Chenopodiaceae) Estuary seablight, perennial herb CNPS: 4, R-E-D Code: I-2-1, Coastal salt marsh, Pt. Mugu, State/Fed status: CEQA? / - Hist, record for Malibu Lagoon? Thelypteris puberula var sonorensis Sonoran maiden fern, perennial CNPS: 2, R-E-D Code: 2-2-1, Rare, clumps along stream, (Thelypteridaceae) herb (rhizomatous) State/Fed status: CEQA / - Encinal Cyn. (FISMM), Medws (seeps and streams) (CNPS Invn) CONSERVATION ELEMENT Key to Terms and Abbreviations for the List of Rare and Endangered Plant Species of the Santa Monica Mountains CNPS Rating: Presumed extinct in California 1A 1B Rare and endangered in California and elsewhere 2 R/E in California, more common elsewhere 3 Need more information 4 Plants of limited distribution - watch list R-E-D Code: R Rarity ١ Rare but found in sufficient numbers and distributed widely enough for low extinction potential at this time 2 Distributed in a limited number of occurrences, occasionally more if each occurrence is small 3 Distributed in one to several highly restricted occurrences, or present in such small numbers that it is seldom reported Е Endangerment Not endangered 1 10 2 Endangered in a portion of its range 3 Endangered throughout its range D Distribution 1 More or less widespread outside California 2 Rare outside California 3 Endemic to California * Extirpated in Los Angeles County ** Presumed to be extinct Habitat Types: CoDns Coastal dunes CBScr Coastal bluff scrub CoScr Coastal scrub Chpl Chaparral VFGrs Valley and foothill grassland VnPls Vernal pools Medws Meadows and seeps MshSw Marshes and swamps RpWld Riparian woodland RpScr Riparian scrub California State Listings: R Rare Τ Threatened Е Endangered \mathbb{C} Candidate - officially proposed for listing as either R, T, or E Federal Listings: Τ Threatened Е Endangered Р Proposed - proposed regulation published in the Federal Register, no final rule C Candidate - under consideration for listing, but yet to be the subject of a final rule CONSERVATION ELEMENT CI substantial data exist to support candidacy C2 data suggest listing is possibly appropriate but incomplete C3 non-candidates, but appeared on previous lists C3A extinct C3B taxonomically invalid C3C too widespread, currently not threatened References: FISMM: Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains (Raven, Thompson, and Rigge, 1986) 3.2.8 Identification of Significant Natural Resources 3.2.8.1 Prior Inventories and Evaluations of Sensitive Biological Resources The significant biological resource areas of the MCZ have been previously identified in the Los Angeles County General Plan, the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains Interim Area Plan, and the Malibu Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan (Malibu LCP LUP). Additionally, the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) identified a portion of the Malibu coastline as a significant biological resource area. 3.2.8.2 Significant Ecological Areas (Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains Interim Area Plan and Los Angeles County General Plan) Los Angeles County has defined Significant Ecological Areas (SEAs) as ecologically fragile or important land and water areas which are valuable as plant or wildlife habitat. The specific criteria used to identify SEAs included the following: the habitat of rare, endangered, and threatened plant and animal species; biotic communities, vegetation associations, and habitats of plant and animal species that are either one of a kind, or are restricted on a regional basis; biotic communities, vegetation associations and habitats of plant and animal species that are either one of a kind or are restricted in distribution in Los Angeles County; habitat that at some point in the life cycle of a species, serves as a concentrated breeding, feeding, resting or migrat- ing grounds, and is limited in availability; biotic resources that are of scientific interest because they are ei- ther an extreme in physical/geographic limitations or they represent an unusual variation in population or community; areas important as game species habitat or undisturbed examples of the natural biotic communi- ties in Los Angeles County; special areas which do not fit any of the above criteria but may be individually noteworthy due to special characteristics (England and Nelson, 1976; Los Angeles County Significant Eco- logical Study, 1986). In the MCZ there are eight designated SEAs. These SEAs include the Malibu Coastline (no acreage avail- able), Point Dume (129 acres), a portion of Zuma Canyon (3,253 acres), a portion of Malibu Canyon includ- ing Malibu Lagoon (3,638 acres), upper La Sierra Canyon (280 acres), Hepatic Gulch (18 acres), Malibu Creek State Park Buffer (195 acres), Tuna Canyon (1,450 acres), and Cold Creek Canyon (1,505 acres). Ta- ble 3-4 summarizes the specific resource values of each of the MCZ SEAs based on the 1976 England and Nelson study, as well as on a later report prepared for the Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning by Dr. Richard Friesen (Significant Ecological Areas of the Santa Monica Mountains Report, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Foundation). Any development project proposed in an SEA within the anticipated area of the Malibu Coastal Zone must be reviewed by the County's Environmental Review Board (ERB). As a condition of project approval, this review board must make a determination that the development is highly compatible with sensitive resources found within the SEA. In the Malibu General Plan, areas classified as SEAs have been reclassified according CONSERVATION ELEMENT to California Coastal Act resource protection terminology. Based on the type of biological resources identi- fied in the SEAs within the Malibu Coastal Zone, the SEAs have been reclassified as environmentally sensi- tive habitat areas (ESHAs) or as significant watersheds (See Table 3-4). The Malibu Coastal Zone SEAs, described below, are classified by the Coastal Act criteria of environmen- tally sensitive area according to either rarity or ecological importance. Table 3-4 MALIBU COASTAL ZONE SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL AREAS: CATEGORIZATION BY COASTAL ACT SENSITIVE HABITAT CRITERIA Significant Ecological Area Category MALIBU COASTLINE: Coastal bluffs, coastal strand, rocky coastline, ESHA canyon corridors with walnut woodlands, intertidal UPPER ZUMA CANYON: Undisturbed habitat for many R&E species ESHA ESHA UPPER LA SIERRA CANYON: Woodlands; R&E species MALIBU CANYON AND LAGOON: Rare and endangered species; ESHA ecologically important wetlands HEPATIC GULCH: Unique community ESHA COLD CREEK Special Resource Management Area POINT DUME: Coastal bluffs, sandy, beaches, rocky points, coastal ESHA canyons, offshore marine habitat PENA/TUNA CANYONS: Riparian woodlands, Bay laurel woodlands, ESHA Oak woodlands Undisturbed watershed vegetation Significant watershed 3.2.8.3 Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas (Malibu LCP Land Use Plan) The California Coastal Act of 1976 (Section 30107.5) defines "environmentally sensitive areas" as "...any area in which plant or animal life or their habitats are either rare or especially valuable because of their spe- cial nature or role in an ecosystem and which could be easily disturbed or degraded by human activities and developments." This definition applies equally to both marine and land resources. The Coastal Act further requires that these areas be identified and protected from any loss or degradation of habitat value. The Malibu LCP Land Use Plan identified those habitats (see Figure CO-3, Environmentally Sensitive Land Resources and Figure CO-4, Environmentally Sensitive Marine and Beach Resources) in the MCZ which met the Coastal Act definition of "environmentally sensitive areas" based on the following criteria: Habitats that are unique, rare, restricted in distribution or extremely fragile (such as coastal dune vege- tation, riparian woodlands). Marine areas designated as Areas of Special Biological Significance by the State Water Resources Control Board. Rare or endangered species habitats as defined by the State Department of Fish and Game or the U.S. CONSERVATION ELEMENT Those terrestrial resources which were identified in the Malibu LCP Land Use Plan to meet the criteria and legal definitions of an environmentally sensitive area, as well as those areas adjoining sensitive habitat which are functionally related to, or act as a buffer to are identified in Appendix A to this Conservation Element (Malibu Local Coastal Plan Research and Analysis and Appendices, October, 1992 by the Los An- geles County Department of Regional Planning Coastal Studies Section). Those marine and beach resources which meet the criteria for environmentally sensitive areas are identified in Section 3.2.6.3 (Environmentally Sensitive Marine Resources) and Section 3.2.5.1 (Environmentally Sen- sitive Beach and Shoreline Resources). 3.2.9 Protection of Sensitive Habitat Areas 3.2.9.1 Resource Protection Standards in the Coastal Zone Standards: The California Coastal Act protection standards for land resources are defined in the Section 30240 as follows: 30240.(a) Environmentally sensitive habitat areas (ESHAs) shall be protected against any significant disruption of habitat values, and only uses dependent on such resources shall be allowed. 30240.(b) Development in areas adjacent to environmentally sensitive habitat areas and parks and rec- reation areas shall be sited and designed to prevent impacts which would significantly degrade such ar- eas, and shall be compatible with the continuance of such habitat areas. The protection standards for marine resources are defined in Sections 30230 and 30231 as follows:

Establish a housing conservation program and Not applicable The City has established a housing rehabilitation provide incentives to rehabilitate existing housing. program to assist low-income households in such as permit fee waivers for those units deed maintaining their properties (see Program 27 below). restricted for rent or sale as affordable to very low-, low- and moderate-income families.

In accordance with Government Code Section No net loss of units No dwelling units occupied by low-income 65590, require the replacement of affordable units households have been removed in the coastal zone. removed (either by demolition or conversion) from the coastal zone whenever feasible. Implement an incentive program to bring 47 units rehabilitated The City has been able to assist one household in substandard housing into compliance, including rehabilitating a dwelling unit. The level of funding establishing a rehabilitation assistance program available to the City has not made it possible to assist and permit streamlining process. additional households. The City hopes to have additional funding available to assist a greater number of households over the next five years. Provide incentives (such as rehabilitation Not applicable The City has assisted property owners whose homes assistance, fee waivers and permit streamlining) have been damaged or destroyed by natural disasters for the repair, restoration, and/or reconstruction of through CDBG funding and referrals to FEMA. existing, affordable housing units which are impacted by natural disaster or condemnation, especially units which accommodate very low-, low- and moderate-income households, elderly, disabled, large families, single heads of households, farm workers, those in need of emergency shelter, and other individuals or household types with special needs, except if those units are located in areas physically unsuitable for development.

Pedra/PescadorBeach S. Horaca S. - GVC9 ʼn, \mathcal{O} õ SOURCE: Mailbu Wastewater Management Study, 1992 OF RESIDENCE in ENCHAL - * (i) Ц Los AlisosCanyon East 11 Arrigos Sequelt Camyon 31 San Micholes Camyon 41 Los Alesse Camyon 42 Los Alesse Camyon 52 Learness Camyon 53 Learness Camyon 74 Seperph III Camyon 75 Teste Camyon 75 Teste Camyon 14 Walkand Camyon 14 Lander Camyon 15 E _ S East Nicholas Beach CFK m MONTANE DRAINAGES A West FIGURE CO-3ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVERESOURCE PROTECTION AREAS CITY OF MALIBU GENERAL PLAN BOUNDARY 10 COASTA Pose Ch SIGNITICAN FOUN NOMBLAND AND VARIANCE thi 1-4-16 Ý, SOURCE: MALLINELOGAL COASTAL PROCRAM, 1986FICURE 6, MALHILLAND USE PLAN SIGNITICANE WATERSHEDS (SEE ALSO HOURE CHA) P

Establish a voluntary amnesty and legalization 5 units The City did not establish an amnesty program due to program for existing housing units in the City other staff priorities and the lack of sufficient staff where (1) the unit is "livable" and meets basic time. Planning Department staff are currently health and safety requirements; (2) the unit working on proposed criteria for an amnesty program existed at the time of the City's incorporation; and that will be submitted to the City Council for (3) the unit is restricted for owner-occupancy or consideration in the Summer of 2001. rental by very low-, low- or moderate-income persons at an affordable rate. HOUSING ELEMENT

Explore the possibility of cooperative agreements Not applicable City is a signatory to the Master Mutual Aid with agencies and other levels of government to Agreement statewide. provide emergency shelter.

Enter into an agreement with Los Angeles County Not applicable The City entered into such an agreement due to a Housing Authority or other appropriate agencies shortage of staff resources. This is still a priority of to operate a Fair Housing Program encompassing the City and this action will thus be implemented as investigation of discrimination complaints, part of the updated Housing Element. research on housing discrimination related issues, and public information about the rights and responsibilities of land owners and tenants. Promote availability of the program through the use of pamphlets and public bulletin board on community television.

Work with SCAG to encourage an appropriate fair Not applicable The City worked with SCAG in the development of share allocation of regional housing demands the current RHNA numbers. based on population need, existing supply/demand, ability to accommodate growth given the physical/environmental constraints, and the jobs-to-housing ratio. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.5 Efforts to Achieve Public Participation 7.5.1 Purpose State law (California Government Code 65583[c][6][B]) requires the City of Malibu to make a diligent ef- fort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the housing element. Efforts to achieve public participation must be described in the Housing Element. 7.5.2 Encouragement of Public Participation According to guidelines adopted by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), an effective public participation process should begin at the outset of the housing element process. Members of the community should be involved in each part of the preparing or updating the Housing Ele- ment, from evaluating past achievements to establishing or modifying goals, policies, and programs. The Department's guidelines recommend that communities do more than hold required public hearings to in- volve the public. Examples of additional efforts include:

Table 39 Conforming and Jumbo Loans Loan Type Rates Points 30-Year Fixed Loan 7.20 1.892 30-Year Fixed Jumbo Loan 7.625 1.697 30-Year Adjustable Loan 5.048 1.100 30-Year Adjustable Jumbo Loan 5.310 1.263 15-Year Fixed Loan 6.938 1.636 15-Year Fixed Jumbo Loan 7.363 1.792 Source: L.A. Times, October 2000 In general, interest rates are higher for "jumbo loans" (loans greater than $252,700); while the rates have fluctuated dramatically over the past couple of years, it is likely that the rates will remain with the same range as they have for the past two to three years. In general, the costs of financing are less than ten percent of the total cost of most affordable housing projects. Access to Public Facilities and Services Public facilities may be a constraint in two different ways. First, they can limit housing development on land adjacent to existing public facilities. Within the City, roads, schools and utilities are constraints. For exam- ple, many of the City's roads are narrow winding mountain or hillside roads that cannot be widened without creating significant environmental impacts (including loss of unique and sensitive native vegetation and dis- turbance of wildlife habitat). Therefore, there are no significant opportunities to increase access to public facilities for low-income or very low-income families that need to rely on public roads for convenient and safe access. Second, housing must be provided with basic services (streets, water, some type of sewage disposal). All housing developments need adequate facilities to provide for water, waste disposal, electricity, natural gas, schools, parks, and fire and police protection services. Land use and zoning controls ensure that residential developments have access to adequate public facilities. The provisions of roads and police protection are responsibilities of the City. Water services and fire protection are provided by independent districts. The following is a summary of public facilities and services in the City: Transit: The City is currently served by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), which operates an intercity express bus route from Los Angeles to Trancas Canyon Road. Para- HOLSON, DECNENT 365 transit services are also provided in the City. These services are operated by BlueTrans under contract with lers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes the County. Fire Protection: The blied to the State of Seven chains are the state water broken and the (MAD). WMD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the (Currently, there are seven the stations serving the Malibu area. which are staffed withthe Gir high besome should be a staffed withthe services is assessed accord- ing to standards of realephone service, Cable tralevision, any other markens are represented for type and intensity of Lesiquidary stations. The Southern California Gas Company provides natural gas. Ge Police Services: The City is served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. The sheriff operates a station in the Lost Hite Goodstative [Apparta] National Transfer 1991 the County closed the station in the Civic Center. Police protection ratus a coolerative lending relationship het better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better bet secluded orientationamits through a comit the Chrothe dibrary its 16.530 square feet and holds over 6 isnal insbection from major Reader's Advisory. The Malibu Branch Library serves a population of 20,282 pe Schools: The elementary comparing the class come in Malipn are nearing capacity due to be bridge the control of the malipudation of the class of the control of the class of the control of the control of the class of the co tion increases. There are three elementary schools and one high school in Malibu: Malibu High. Point Dume Marine Science Mallips ազգայությունը արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արանական արան schools in Malibu, a jew Canyou Road, Mestlake Willage Melicoptes in evolution used during peak perio Hosbitals: Luc Cità (1950) (1951) (1953) Le Conte Avenue in Los Angeles, and Westlake Hospital lo Malibu. Santa Monica and minica at a minica and other plan bear points of California for When of between 4.5 and over 25 miles from Malibu of the hospital can take a hospital plan planting of the control of the hospital ca at 4412 South PakerK-6. Our Lady of Malbutand Colin McRiven High School, ascending being being to reduce travel times. In Caprillo Elementary, and Webster Elementary, the addition there are two page of services offered. are three elementary schools and one high school in Malibu: Malibu High, Point I ubstantially since 1980. The classrooms in Malibu are nearing capacity due to po Libraries: The Los Acq School District an indebchden accuss governed by a Board of Trastecs. Et only library facility serving and middle high school district in Manibu are served by the foint vices and materials; audio and audio cassettes; and a Manager to adverse. The Mulibu Brunch Library serves a population of 20,282 persons from 7,506 housing half many residential heighborhoods brovide little or no obbortantive for regardated from 1,506 housing half many residential heighborhoods. books. The library ruon in the City-is hambered by the length of the City and its relatively low-density below. through the South Stalls area north of the City, in September 1991 the County closed the station in the Electrical Service: The pointeen Captoring Papers Combined bearings referring have beinged sta-City is served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. The sheriff opera tions and three secosuses stations. The Southern Culifornia Gas Company provides natural gas, General Telephone provides telephone service. Cable television, an information and entertainment source for resi- dents in most areas of the City, is presently provided by Falcon Cable. Water: Water is supplied to the City by County Waterworks District No. 29 from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). MWD obtains its water from the State Water Project and the Colo- rado River. Wholesalers of this water in the Malibu/Santa Monica Mountains area are the Las Virgenes Mu- HOUSING ELEMENT nicipal Water District and the West Basin Municipal Water District. These wholesalers distribute to three retailers which include the Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 29, Silvas Park Mutual Water Company, and Las Virgenes Metro Water District. Many of the City's water mains and tanks have been identified by the City and by Waterworks District No. 29 as severely undersized. District No. 29 estimates it may cost $100,000,000 to upgrade the City's water system to current minimum standards. There are also a number of private wells that supply water within the City. However, the utilization of wells as a source of potable water has steadily declined since 1965, when water became available through MWD. Although the amount of water supplied by these wells is now considered to be insignificant, they are sources of inexpensive water for agricultural and other interests that are located too far from piped water service. Sewers: Municipal sewer service is available only to the far eastern end of the City. There are five small, package sewage treatment plants within the city: the Latigo Bay Shores, Point Dume, Trancas Canyon, Malibu Mesa and Maison de Ville. Hughes Research Laboratory operates their own facilities and Pepperdine University is served by the Malibu Mesa Plant. These plants are described in more detail in the Williams & Warshall report, "The Malibu Wastewater Management Study" (March 1992). Most wastewater is treated on-site. Improperly maintained septic systems have caused alleged health and safety problems, but with adequate area for leaching fields or regular disposal septic systems can be safely operated in almost all areas of the City. The "Malibu Wastewater Management Study" (Williams & Mar- shall 1992) recommends programs for ensuring that septic systems are properly engineered, installed, and maintained. Details of the hazards associated with the systems are described in the Background Report to the Safety Element of the General Plan. Solid Waste: Solid waste disposal in Malibu is presently handled by four private hauling companies, one of which is under contract to service the Los Angeles County/Malibu Garbage Disposal District. All four haul- ers deliver solid waste to the Calabasas Landfill. The Calabasas Landfill is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Sanitation District and services Malibu as one of many regional sources. The landfill is presently scheduled for closure in 2015 and as of 1990, has a remaining capacity of 12 million tons of waste yielding a projection that the landfill will accommodate an average of 500,000 tons of waste each year dur- ing that period. Malibu contributes less that ten percent of that amount. Based on the 1992 Preliminary Draft Source Reduction and Recycling Element for the City, there were 38,750 tons of waste disposed from Malibu residents and businesses in 1991. A complete discussion of the existing community services is found within the Circulation and Infrastructure Element of the General Plan. Land development generally follows the areas that are provided with infrastructure and utilities. This allows development to proceed in an orderly and economical manner. 7.2.12 Energy Conservation Section 65583(a)(7) of the Government Code requires an analysis of opportunities for energy conservation in residential developments. According to the Department of Housing and Community Development, the purpose of this analysis is to show that the locality must consider how energy conservation might be achieved in residential development and how energy conservation requirements may contribute to the af- fordability of units. HOUSING ELEMENT Following are examples of local policies, plans, and development standards that have been successful in re- ducing energy conservation standards: ۰ Active constructive enforcement by local building officials of existing state residential energy conser- vation standards; ۰ Standards for street width, landscaping of streets, and parking lots to reduce heat loss or provide shade; and Standards for energy efficient retrofit to be met prior to resale of homes. . Many residents of Malibu do not have regular working hours and, in fact, many residents work out of their homes ("telecommuting" to work). Telecommuting provides several tangible benefits, including reducing traffic on the City's constrained circulation system and reducing vehicle emissions. The City enforces Title 24 of the State Building Code that establishes energy standards. However, energy costs do continue to rise, resulting in the rise of operating cost of housing units in direct proportion to its energy requirements. In a mild climate such as Malibu, energy costs are lower than those in places such as desert or mountain areas, however, energy costs can still add substantially to the cost of housing. Reducing the need for energy resources on a per unit basis will have a long-term effect of lowering the operating cost of housing and decreasing the energy needs of the City. The City's General Plan (Conservation Element and Land Use Element) includes specific goals, objectives, and policies to encourage energy conservation. While activities during construction expend different forms of energy, the greatest amount of energy con- sumption is in natural gas and electricity used to maintain the individual housing units. There are several opportunities for energy conservation both during and after construction. Mechanical systems and mainte- nance practices may be improved to decrease energy costs. Building orientation and shapes, landscaping, glazing, surface materials, and insulation can be designed to minimize the energy requirements of structures. - 6 HOUSING ELEMENT 7.3 General Plan Consistency 7.3.1 Purpose and Scope State law requires that Housing Elements contain a statement of "the means by which consistency will be achieved with other general plan elements and community goals" (California Government Code, Section 65583[c][6][13]). There are two aspects of this analysis: (1) an identification of other General Plan goals, policies, and programs that could affect implementation of the Housing Element or that could be affected by the implementation of the Housing Element, and (2) an identification of actions to ensure consistency be- tween the Housing Element and affected parts of other General Plan elements. 7.3.2 Goals and Policies The 1995 General Plan contains several elements with policies related to housing. Policies and the means for achieving consistency are summarized in the table below. SUMMARY OF GENERAL PLAN GOALS AND POLICIES AFFECTING HOUSING General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Land Use Element LU 1.1.1 This policy ensures that only land uses compatible with the natural environment shall be permitted for development. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development. The Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 1.1.4 This policy seeks to preserve the rural residential character of Malibu. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 1.3.1-3 These policies require land uses to be consistent with flood, geologic, and fire safety requirements. Since existing building permitting procedures require the analysis of the development in comparison to these requirements, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU. 1.4.1-5 These policies require that new development be consistent with the preservation of the natural topography and the protection of viewsheds. Visual impacts of hillside development shall be minimized and ridgelines, topographic features, hillsides, and natural drainage courses shall be protected. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, and permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU 2.2.1 and 2.2.3 These policies require the consistency of new development with the efficient operation of the traffic and infrastructure service systems to maintain adequate capacity to serve all residents. The City requires adequate infrastructure as a condition of proposed development approval. In addition, the City only permits development that is consistent with the capital improvement plan and economic health of the City. Since permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. HOUSING ELEMENT General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Land Use Element LU 2.3.1-2 These policies seek to maintain the appropriate scale and context of new developments. The unique character of the City's existing neighborhoods should be maintained. The City discourages "mansionization" through the use of height, bulk, and square footage limits for all new and remodeled single-family residences. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the extent of new housing development in size and amenities. The Housing Element will not conflict with these policies as the current size requirements will be maintained. Land Use Element LU 2.4.1 and 2.4.3 These policies are directed toward development within western Malibu and require that vistas and large open space areas be preserved to maintain the rural atmosphere. In addition, the City encourages the maintenance of large lots and through residential and compatible agricultural uses. Because existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Land Use Element LU 4.4.4 This policy permits commercial uses such as home offices, art studios, family day care facilities, equestrian, and other uses in residential areas if they do not substantially diminish the quiet rural residential character of the area. Implementation Measure 6 of the Housing Element encourages mixed usage where appropriate. Open Space and OS 1.2.2 This policy encourages clustering of development to preserve large blocks of Recreation Element open space if the clustering does not create an urban development pattern in a rural area. This policy is similar to the density bonus policies of the Housing Element (Measure 4). Open Space and OS 3.3.2 This policy seeks to balance public access to open space and park lands with the Recreation Element privacy and property interests of abutting property owners. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with this policy. Conservation Element CON 1.3.9 This policy requires the use of setbacks on beachfront property that is subject to beach erosion. Existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development. The Housing Element will not conflict with this policy as the current setback requirements would be maintained. Conservation Element CON 2.1.3 Through this policy, the City provides incentives to property owners of historical structures to encourage preservation of designated cultural resources. The Housing Element does not conflict with this policy as the current incentives will be maintained. Conservation Element CON 3.1.2 and 3.1.4 These policies encourage the use of state-of-the-art energy efficiency standards for all new construction design and encourages the use of solar and other non- polluting, renewable energy sources. The Housing Element encourages energy conservation in housing and is consistent with Conservation Element policies. Conservation Element CON 4.1.3-7 These policies encourage water conservation design measures in residential, commercial, and industrial development, including the use of water efficient low flow fixtures, drought resistant landscaping, and the use of reclaimed and grey water systems. The Housing Element does not conflict with these policies as the current water efficiency requirements will be maintained. HOUSING ELEMENT General Plan Element Policy Means for Achieving Consistency Safety and Health S 1.2.1-4 The City requires development to provide analysis of site safety related to Element potential geologic safety hazards including earthquake fault rupture, liquefaction, expansive soils, erosion, tsunamis, and flooding. Since permitting procedures require an assessment of impacts caused by the development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Noise Element N 1.1.1-2 These policies ensure that noise sensitive land uses will be protected from negative impacts of noise generating uses. Since existing zoning and building requirements determine the location and extent of new housing development, the Housing Element will not conflict with these policies. Noise Element N 1.1.5 This policy encourages new construction and remodels to utilize designs and materials that reduce exposure to noise sources. The Housing Element does not conflict with this policy as the current building code requirements will be maintained. HOUSING ELEMENT 7.4 Evaluation of the Previous Housing Element 7.4.1 Purpose and Scope State law (California Government Code Section 65588 [a]) requires each local government to review its housing element as frequently as appropriate to evaluate all of the following: (1) The appropriateness of the housing goals, objectives, and policies in contributing to the attainment of the state housing goal; (2) The effectiveness of the housing element in attainment of the community's housing goals and objectives; and (3) The progress of the City, County, or City and County in implementation of the housing element. 7.4.2 Housing Element Programs and Achievements The following table summarizes the City's achievements under the previous Housing Element, the effec- tiveness of those programs, and the appropriateness of the programs for the updated Housing Element. PROGRAM OBJECTIVE ACHIEVEMENTS