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Extracted from Consolidated Report

This investigation was originally published as part of a larger consolidated report containing multiple investigations. View the consolidated PDF for the complete document.

Los Angeles County Grand Jury • 2012-2013

County of Los Angeles

Published: June 06, 2013 8 pages
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Note: Missing finding numbers detected: F7, F9, F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16, F17, F18, F19, F20, F21, F22, F23, F24, F25, F26, F27, F28, F29, F30, F31, F32, F33, F34, F35, F36, F37, F38, F39, F40, F41, F42, F43, F44, F45, F46, F47, F48, F49, F50, F51, F52, F53, F54, F55, F56, F57, F58, F59, F60, F61, F62, F63, F64, F65, F66, F67, F68, F69, F70, F71, F72, F73, F74, F75, F76, F77, F78, F79, F80, F81, F82, F83, F84, F85, F86, F87, F88, F89, F90, F91, F92, F93, F94, F95, F96, F97, F98, F99, F100, F101, F102, F103, F104, F105, F106, F107, F108, F109, F110, F111, F112, F113, F114, F115, F116, F117, F118, F119, F120, F121, F122, F123, F124, F125, F126, F127, F128, F129, F130, F131, F132, F133, F134, F135, F136, F137, F138, F139, F140, F141, F142, F143, F144, F145, F146, F147, F148, F149, F150, F151, F152, F153, F154, F155, F156, F157, F158, F159, F160, F161, F162, F163, F164, F165, F166, F167, F168, F169, F170, F171, F172, F173, F174, F175, F176, F177, F178, F179, F180, F181, F182, F183, F184, F185, F186, F187, F188, F189, F190, F191, F192, F193, F194, F195, F196, F197, F198, F199, F200, F201, F202, F203, F204, F205, F206, F207, F208, F209, F210, F211, F212, F213, F214, F215, F216, F217, F218, F219, F220, F221, F222, F223, F224, F225, F226, F227, F228, F229, F230, F231, F232, F233, F234, F235, F236, F237, F238, F239, F240, F241, F242, F243, F244, F245, F246, F247, F248, F249, F250, F251, F252, F253, F254, F255, F256, F257, F258, F259, F260, F261, F262, F263, F264, F265, F266, F267, F268, F269, F270, F271, F272, F273, F274, F275, F276, F277, F278, F279, F280, F281, F282, F283, F284, F285, F286, F287, F288, F289, F290, F291, F292, F293, F294, F295, F296, F297, F298, F299, F300, F301, F302, F303, F304, F305, F306, F307, F308, F309, F310, F311, F312, F313, F314, F315, F316, F317, F318, F319, F320, F321, F322, F323, F324, F325, F326, F327, F328, F329, F330, F331, F332, F333, F334, F335, F336, F337, F338, F339, F340, F341, F342, F343, F344, F345, F346, F347, F348, F349, F350, F351, F352, F353, F354, F355, F356, F357, F358, F359, F360, F361, F362, F363, F364, F365, F366, F367, F368, F369, F370, F371, F372, F373, F374, F375, F376, F377, F378, F379, F380, F381, F382, F383, F384, F385, F386, F387, F388, F389, F390, F391, F392, F393, F394, F395, F396, F397, F398, F399, F400, F401, F402, F403, F404, F405, F406, F407, F408, F409, F410, F411, F412, F413, F414, F415, F416, F417, F418, F419, F420, F421, F422, F423, F424, F425, F426, F427, F428, F429, F430, F431, F432, F433, F434, F435, F436, F437, F438, F439, F440, F441, F442, F443, F444, F445, F446, F447, F448, F449, F450, F451, F452, F453, F454, F455, F456, F457, F458, F459, F460, F461, F462, F463, F464, F465, F466, F467, F468, F469, F470, F471, F472, F473, F474, F475, F476, F477, F478, F479, F480, F481, F482, F483, F484, F485, F486, F487, F488, F489, F490, F491, F492, F493, F494, F495, F496, F497, F498, F499, F500, F501, F502, F503, F504, F505, F506, F507, F508, F509, F510, F511, F512, F513, F514, F515, F516, F517, F518, F519, F520, F521, F522, F523, F524, F525, F526, F527, F528, F529, F530, F531, F532, F533, F534, F535, F536, F537, F538, F539, F540, F541, F542, F543, F544, F545, F546, F547, F548, F549, F550, F551, F552, F553, F554, F555, F556, F557, F558, F559, F560, F561, F562, F563, F564, F565, F566, F567, F568, F569, F570, F571, F572, F573, F574, F575, F576, F577, F578, F579, F580, F581, F582, F583, F584, F585, F586, F587, F588, F589, F590, F591, F592, F593, F594, F595, F596, F597, F598, F599, F600, F601, F602, F603, F604, F605, F606, F607, F608, F609, F610, F611, F612, F613, F614, F615, F616, F617, F618, F619, F620, F621, F622, F623, F624, F625, F626, F627, F628, F629, F630, F631, F632, F633, F634, F635, F636, F637, F638, F639, F640, F641, F642, F643, F644, F645, F646, F647, F648, F649, F650, F651, F652, F653, F654, F655, F656, F657, F658, F659, F660, F661, F662, F663, F664, F665, F666, F667, F668, F669, F670, F671, F672, F673, F674, F675, F676, F677, F678, F679, F680, F681, F682, F683, F684, F685, F686, F687, F688, F689, F690, F691, F692, F693, F694, F695, F696, F697, F698, F699, F700, F701, F702, F703, F704, F705, F706, F707, F708, F709, F710, F711, F712, F713, F714, F715, F716, F717, F718, F719, F720, F721, F722, F723, F724, F725, F726, F727, F728, F729, F730, F731, F732, F733, F734, F735, F736, F737, F738, F739, F740, F741, F742, F743, F744, F745, F746, F747, F748, F749, F750, F751, F752, F753, F754, F755, F756, F757, F758, F759, F760, F761, F762, F763, F764, F765, F766, F767, F768, F769, F770, F771, F772, F773, F774, F775, F776, F777, F778, F779, F780, F781, F782, F783, F784, F785, F786, F787, F788, F789, F790, F791, F792, F793, F794, F795, F796, F797, F798, F799, F800, F801, F802, F803, F804, F805, F806, F807, F808, F809, F810, F811, F812, F813, F814, F815, F816, F817, F818, F819, F820, F821, F822, F823, F824, F825, F826, F827, F828, F829, F830, F831, F832, F833, F834, F835, F836, F837, F838, F839, F840, F841, F842, F843, F844, F845, F846, F847, F848, F849, F850, F851, F852, F853, F854, F855, F856, F857, F858, F859, F860, F861, F862, F863, F864, F865, F866, F867, F868, F869, F870, F871, F872, F873, F874, F875, F876, F877, F878, F879, F880, F881, F882, F883, F884, F885, F886, F887, F888, F889, F890, F891, F892, F893, F894, F895, F896, F897, F898, F899, F900, F901, F902, F903, F904, F905, F906, F907, F908, F909, F910, F911, F912, F913, F914, F915, F916, F917, F918, F919, F920, F921, F922, F923, F924, F925, F926, F927, F928, F929, F930, F931, F932, F933, F934, F935, F936, F937, F938, F939, F940, F941, F942, F943, F944, F945, F946, F947, F948, F949, F950, F951, F952, F953, F954, F955, F956, F957, F958, F959, F960, F961, F962, F963, F964, F965, F966, F967, F968, F969, F970, F971, F972, F973, F974, F975, F976, F977, F978, F979, F980, F981, F982, F983, F984, F985, F986, F987, F988, F989, F990, F991, F992, F993, F994, F995, F996, F997, F998, F999, F1000, F1001, F1002, F1003, F1004, F1005, F1006, F1007, F1008, F1009, F1010, F1011, F1012, F1013, F1014, F1015, F1016, F1017, F1018, F1019, F1020, F1021, F1022, F1023, F1024, F1025, F1026, F1027, F1028, F1029, F1030, F1031, F1032, F1033, F1034, F1035, F1036, F1037, F1038, F1039, F1040, F1041, F1042, F1043, F1044, F1045, F1046, F1047, F1048, F1049, F1050, F1051, F1052, F1053, F1054, F1055, F1056, F1057, F1058, F1059, F1060, F1061, F1062, F1063, F1064, F1065, F1066, F1067, F1068, F1069, F1070, F1071, F1072, F1073, F1074, F1075, F1076, F1077, F1078, F1079, F1080, F1081, F1082, F1083, F1084, F1085, F1086, F1087, F1088, F1089, F1090, F1091, F1092, F1093, F1094, F1095, F1096, F1097, F1098, F1099, F1100, F1101, F1102, F1103, F1104, F1105, F1106, F1107, F1108, F1109, F1110, F1111, F1112, F1113, F1114, F1115, F1116, F1117, F1118, F1119, F1120, F1121, F1122, F1123, F1124, F1125, F1126, F1127, F1128, F1129, F1130, F1131, F1132, F1133, F1134, F1135, F1136, F1137, F1138, F1139, F1140, F1141, F1142, F1143, F1144, F1145, F1146, F1147, F1148, F1149, F1150, F1151, F1152, F1153, F1154, F1155, F1156, F1157, F1158, F1159, F1160, F1161, F1162, F1163, F1164, F1165, F1166, F1167, F1168, F1169, F1170, F1171, F1172, F1173, F1174, F1175, F1176, F1177, F1178, F1179, F1180, F1181, F1182, F1183, F1184, F1185, F1186, F1187, F1188, F1189, F1190, F1191, F1192, F1193, F1194, F1195, F1196, F1197, F1198, F1199, F1200, F1201, F1202, F1203, F1204, F1205, F1206, F1207, F1208, F1209, F1210, F1211, F1212, F1213, F1214, F1215, F1216, F1217, F1218, F1219, F1220, F1221, F1222, F1223, F1224, F1225, F1226, F1227, F1228, F1229, F1230, F1231, F1232, F1233, F1234, F1235, F1236, F1237, F1238, F1239, F1240, F1241, F1242, F1243, F1244, F1245, F1246, F1247, F1248, F1249, F1250, F1251, F1252, F1253, F1254, F1255, F1256, F1257, F1258, F1259, F1260, F1261, F1262, F1263, F1264, F1265, F1266, F1267, F1268, F1269, F1270, F1271, F1272, F1273, F1274, F1275, F1276, F1277, F1278, F1279, F1280, F1281, F1282, F1283, F1284, F1285, F1286, F1287, F1288, F1289, F1290, F1291, F1292, F1293, F1294, F1295, F1296, F1297, F1298, F1299, F1300, F1301, F1302, F1303, F1304, F1305, F1306, F1307, F1308, F1309, F1310, F1311, F1312, F1313, F1314, F1315, F1316, F1317, F1318, F1319, F1320, F1321, F1322, F1323, F1324, F1325, F1326, F1327, F1328, F1329, F1330, F1331, F1332, F1333, F1334, F1335, F1336, F1337, F1338, F1339, F1340, F1341, F1342, F1343, F1344, F1345, F1346, F1347, F1348, F1349, F1350, F1351, F1352, F1353, F1354, F1355, F1356, F1357, F1358, F1359, F1360, F1361, F1362, F1363, F1364, F1365, F1366, F1367, F1368, F1369, F1370, F1371, F1372, F1373, F1374, F1375, F1376, F1377, F1378, F1379, F1380, F1381, F1382, F1383, F1384, F1385, F1386, F1387, F1388, F1389, F1390, F1391, F1392, F1393, F1394, F1395, F1396, F1397, F1398, F1399, F1400, F1401, F1402, F1403, F1404, F1405, F1406, F1407, F1408, F1409, F1410, F1411, F1412, F1413, F1414, F1415, F1416, F1417, F1418, F1419, F1420, F1421, F1422, F1423, F1424, F1425, F1426, F1427, F1428, F1429, F1430, F1431, F1432, F1433, F1434, F1435, F1436, F1437, F1438, F1439, F1440, F1441, F1442, F1443, F1444, F1445, F1446, F1447, F1448, F1449, F1450, F1451, F1452, F1453, F1454, F1455, F1456, F1457, F1458, F1459, F1460, F1461, F1462, F1463, F1464, F1465, F1466, F1467, F1468, F1469, F1470, F1471, F1472, F1473, F1474, F1475, F1476, F1477, F1478, F1479, F1480, F1481, F1482, F1483, F1484, F1485, F1486, F1487, F1488, F1489, F1490, F1491, F1492, F1493, F1494, F1495, F1496, F1497, F1498, F1499, F1500, F1501, F1502, F1503, F1504, F1505, F1506, F1507, F1508, F1509, F1510, F1511, F1512, F1513, F1514, F1515, F1516, F1517, F1518, F1519, F1520, F1521, F1522, F1523, F1524, F1525, F1526, F1527, F1528, F1529, F1530, F1531, F1532, F1533, F1534, F1535, F1536, F1537, F1538, F1539, F1540, F1541, F1542, F1543, F1544, F1545, F1546, F1547, F1548, F1549, F1550, F1551, F1552, F1553, F1554, F1555, F1556, F1557, F1558, F1559, F1560, F1561, F1562, F1563, F1564, F1565, F1566, F1567, F1568, F1569, F1570, F1571, F1572, F1573, F1574, F1575, F1576, F1577, F1578, F1579, F1580, F1581, F1582, F1583, F1584, F1585, F1586, F1587, F1588, F1589, F1590, F1591, F1592, F1593, F1594, F1595, F1596, F1597, F1598, F1599, F1600, F1601, F1602, F1603, F1604, F1605, F1606, F1607, F1608, F1609, F1610, F1611, F1612, F1613, F1614, F1615, F1616, F1617, F1618, F1619, F1620, F1621, F1622, F1623, F1624, F1625, F1626, F1627, F1628, F1629, F1630, F1631, F1632, F1633, F1634, F1635, F1636, F1637, F1638, F1639, F1640, F1641, F1642, F1643, F1644, F1645, F1646, F1647, F1648, F1649, F1650, F1651, F1652, F1653, F1654, F1655, F1656, F1657, F1658, F1659, F1660, F1661, F1662, F1663, F1664, F1665, F1666, F1667, F1668, F1669, F1670, F1671, F1672, F1673, F1674, F1675, F1676, F1677, F1678, F1679, F1680, F1681, F1682, F1683, F1684, F1685, F1686, F1687, F1688, F1689, F1690, F1691, F1692, F1693, F1694, F1695, F1696, F1697, F1698, F1699, F1700, F1701, F1702, F1703, F1704, F1705, F1706, F1707, F1708, F1709, F1710, F1711, F1712, F1713, F1714, F1715, F1716, F1717, F1718, F1719, F1720, F1721, F1722, F1723, F1724, F1725, F1726, F1727, F1728, F1729, F1730, F1731, F1732, F1733, F1734, F1735, F1736, F1737, F1738, F1739, F1740, F1741, F1742, F1743, F1744, F1745, F1746, F1747, F1748, F1749, F1750, F1751, F1752, F1753, F1754, F1755, F1756, F1757, F1758, F1759, F1760, F1761, F1762, F1763, F1764, F1765, F1766, F1767, F1768, F1769, F1770, F1771, F1772, F1773, F1774, F1775, F1776, F1777, F1778, F1779, F1780, F1781, F1782, F1783, F1784, F1785, F1786, F1787, F1788, F1789, F1790, F1791, F1792, F1793, F1794, F1795, F1796, F1797, F1798, F1799, F1800, F1801, F1802, F1803, F1804, F1805, F1806, F1807, F1808, F1809, F1810, F1811, F1812, F1813, F1814, F1815, F1816, F1817, F1818, F1819, F1820, F1821, F1822, F1823, F1824, F1825, F1826, F1827, F1828, F1829, F1830, F1831, F1832, F1833, F1834, F1835, F1836, F1837, F1838, F1839, F1840, F1841, F1842, F1843, F1844, F1845, F1846, F1847, F1848, F1849, F1850, F1851, F1852, F1853, F1854, F1855, F1856, F1857, F1858, F1859, F1860, F1861, F1862, F1863, F1864, F1865, F1866, F1867, F1868, F1869, F1870, F1871, F1872, F1873, F1874, F1875, F1876, F1877, F1878, F1879, F1880, F1881, F1882, F1883, F1884, F1885, F1886, F1887, F1888, F1889, F1890, F1891, F1892, F1893, F1894, F1895, F1896, F1897, F1898, F1899, F1900, F1901, F1902, F1903, F1904, F1905, F1906, F1907, F1908, F1909, F1910, F1911, F1912, F1913, F1914, F1915, F1916, F1917, F1918, F1919, F1920, F1921, F1922, F1923, F1924, F1925, F1926, F1927, F1928, F1929, F1930, F1931, F1932, F1933, F1934, F1935, F1936, F1937, F1938, F1939, F1940, F1941, F1942, F1943, F1944, F1945, F1946, F1947, F1948, F1949, F1950, F1951, F1952, F1953, F1954, F1955, F1956, F1957, F1958, F1959, F1960, F1961, F1962, F1963, F1964, F1965, F1966, F1967, F1968, F1969, F1970, F1971, F1972, F1973, F1974, F1975, F1976, F1977, F1978, F1979, F1980, F1981, F1982, F1983, F1984, F1985, F1986, F1987, F1988, F1989, F1990, F1991, F1992, F1993, F1994, F1995, F1996, F1997, F1998, F1999, F2000, F2001, F2002, F2003, F2004, F2005, F2006, F2007, F2008, F2009, F2010

Findings 8 findings

F1
Training of all Custody Personnel As stated before, the Sheriff proposes no significant changes to Academy training.8 This makes sense for many reasons. One, the Academy trains officers for other law enforcement agencies with no Custody responsibility. Further, most of the positions in the Sheriff’s Department are non- custody related. The Sheriff’s Department views the role of the Academy as providing more of a foundation with the probation period being one where the specifics of the job are learned while on the job. Finally, creating a separate Academy will degrade the perception of Custody deputies and Patrol deputies that they are one force. The Grand Jury supports the position of the Sheriff’s Department and does not believe a separate Academy experience needs to happen. That said, more should be and will be done under the Sheriff’s Plan. The Department will in- crease the amount of specific training post Academy from two to four weeks. Those additional two weeks will consist of a “Jail Operation Continuum.” Further, the amount of time spent as- sessing and evaluating deputies will increase from 12 to 16 weeks.
F2
Training of Leadership 7 Sheriff’s Plan, p6 8 Sheriff’s Plan p3 6 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT DUAL TRACK AND TRAINING Those at the sergeant level and above will continue to receive 24 hours of training over three days. This training has a largely administrative focus specific to the particular facility. The only additional training being proposed is eight hours of training that would revisit the topics proposed in the “Jail Operations Continuum”. These eight hours would most likely be given in two hour chunks of intense format training. The timing is meant to avoid backfilling a position.9 This may not be enough or the right emphasis. First of all, as conveyed to the Grand Jury and also found running through the Commission’s Report were issues of failure of leadership-- specifically as it relates to mentoring, managing, conveying expectation and communication. Running a jail, especially some of the larger facilities, is a complex operation that involves sev- eral skill sets and contingencies. A career as a deputy may provide the necessary education in jail operations but not necessarily in management. Too much seems to rest on the individual’s intuition when a little training coupled with that common sense could go a long way. Much of the focus on leadership training has been on forms and required paperwork. If a ser- geant is not provided any additional training in areas such as staff assessment, evaluation, men- toring or effective leadership, what will an additional four weeks of assessment time of deputies add? Training should be viewed broadly as not just conveying information but conveying expec- tation. Especially now that sergeants will have to command the respect and train both deputies staying in Custody and those going on Patrol, it is more imperative than ever that they have the tools to stress and continuously emphasize the Nobility Policing and Constitutional Jailing that are stated values of the Department. The idea of providing training in two hour portions is a smart one that will allow a position not to have to be backfilled but the Department, for both cost and for other practical reasons needs to be focused on other methods of teaching these key skills. It may, for example need to award merit points that are necessary for promotion to those deputies and those in leadership who seek out educational opportunities on their own time. The Department is starting and needs to devote more efforts to utilizing on line resources so that individual topics can be learned over a few days. C. Custody Division Training Bureau The Sheriff’s Department is proposing a whole new infrastructure called the Custody Division Training Bureau to focus specifically on training that currently assumes staffing with close to 80- 100 officers of all ranks.10 We appreciate the greater focus on training. Particularly, we applaud the fact that the eight large facilities will have staff exclusively focused on training. The remain- der of the staff being proposed will take a more centralized approach with some focused specifi- cally on violence related issues and others will focus on the already mandated STC (Standards and Training for Correctional Officers) training which is required annually by the state. Information provided by interviews with Sheriff’s Department personnel 10 Interview with key Sheriff Department personnel, report of Implementation Monitor to Board of Supervisors, Feb- ruary 12, 2013 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT 7 DUAL TRACK AND TRAINING Coming up with the proposed structure is just the first step. Funding from the Board of Supervi- sors will make or break this step. Assuming funding is available, creating curriculum that is ef- fective is an even bigger challenge. Curriculum that allows deputies to learn at their own pace sometimes is both more beneficial for learning and potentially more cost effective. Making training meaningful for the responsibilities at hand is also critical, which further requires a more individualized approach. For example, STC training requires that certain topics be covered yearly and by the time those mandatory topics like first aid and CPR training are covered, 70% of the time may already be utilized. There should be a way to pre-test people and let them “test out” of topics they already know. These individuals should be able to move on to other topics. It may be more cost effective to offer incentive payment for classes done through the County’s e- learning system. Finally if the Department truly values education for its staff, then it should cre- ate a culture where learning on one’s own time is considered necessary for promotion. This may entail dealing with potential labor issues. The Department should focus then on making material accessible and high quality. IV. Types of Facilities A. Men’s Central Jail (MCJ) The Commission’s Report focuses primarily on issues that arose at MCJ and extrapolated its findings to the Department as a whole. The Grand Jury visited many of the other facilities and is not sure if the problems of MCJ are necessarily the problems of the system. The Commission Report specifically stated that it would not address the adequacy of the architectural issues at MCJ. Instead it echoes other commissions and reports that call for the demolishing and rebuild- ing of the facility. We raise this issue only to say that in times of limited funding, it may be bet- ter to apply money and require change at those sites as opposed to changing the whole system. B. Other Large Jail Facilities From the Commission Report, it is unclear whether other entities like the Pitchess Ranch facili- ties, which house close to 10,000 inmates, require the same shift in organizational structure and staffing. Given that Dual Track is implemented system-wide, it is still relevant to look at staffing and cultural expectations at other facilities and see if all of the requirements should be imple- mented beyond MCJ. Pitchess Ranch (with its 4 facilities) is essentially its own small city com- plete with several industries and even its own power plant. Much of the housing is dormitory style versus at MCJ where inmates are housed in 2-man and 4-man cells. There are also several businesses on site with multiple workers. On our tour it became evident that it was helpful for the custody officers to learn the communities in these dorm settings. This was especially true in seeing potential issues on the yard during recreation when a few deputies would oversee over 150 inmates at a time. Rotation of officers, which the other sections of the Commission Report recommended, may actually do harm at these facilities. The needs and challenges of Court Facilities also contrast with MCJ. Most of these facilities are run down and as of January 2013, often lacked cameras. The challenge here is the transient population and the danger of smuggling contraband and information between inmates while go- ing back and forth to hearings and the home jail facility. Deputy training would ideally include different modules for these settings. 8 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT DUAL TRACK AND TRAINING
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PROBATION DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE MISCONDUCT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Los Angeles County Probation Department (Department) has faced many well publicized challenges over the last five years dealing with its operation of juvenile halls and camps. The 2012-2013 Civil Grand Jury (Grand Jury) learned that many of these challenges come back to issues of staffing and personnel. After discussions with the leadership of the Department, the Grand Jury has chosen to focus on two areas.
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Another way of looking at the contacts is monthly, as in the table below. A quick review in- dicates no apparent seasonal trends. Table 2 Contacts by Month4 2011 2012 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Total District 1 169 165 121 113 131 116 166 187 173 152 158 89 1740 District 2 66 99 105 144 132 140 156 167 163 138 151 180 1641 District 3 60 51 65 101 102 95 96 94 117 97 58 72 1008 District 4* 33 11 17 30 13 46 24 21 26 25 27 8 281 District 5 283 213 189 179 231 186 198 173 138 187 260 **254 2491 Total 611 539 497 567 609 583 640 642 617 599 654 603 7161 * Fourth District—Office provided CRM data only for requests submitted through letters. ** Fifth District—September data was collected in 2011. In interpreting the above tables, note that only requests requiring follow-up are entered into CRM. Requests that can be satisfied immediately are usually not recorded. Phone requests are routinely under-reported. District data may differ because of these reporting issues as well as demographics and geography. Each Supervisorial District Office furnished data for these tables in response to a Grand Jury request. 56 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT BOARD OF SUPERVISORS REQUEST AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES
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All of the Supervisorial districts have web contact forms on their websites. The Grand Jury was particularly impressed with the First District’s web form, which repeated the entire re- quest on submission. This allows the constituents to review their request and save it for their records. Figure 1 Sample Web Contact Form Figure 2 First District response when form is submitted. 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT 57 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS REQUEST AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES
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To maximize the use of the Supervisor’s office for requests, a constituent should: a. Determine if the problem is with a County department. b. If it is difficult to determine who to contact and the constituent suspects that the ap- propriate agency is a county department, the office of the supervisor is a good re- source to help you determine who to contact. c. Contact the appropriate county department and attempt to resolve the problem with them first. d. If the problem has still not been resolved the constituent can contact the office of the their supervisor for help. Responses are required from:
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LOS ANGELES FIRE DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TIME LAG EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Several negative articles in various Los Angeles area newspapers regarding poor response time to 9-1-1 medical emergency calls within the City of Los Angeles prompted this investigation1. A committee of the Los Angeles County Civil Grand Jury (Grand Jury) found that response times in the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) began to increase when its budget was decreased. The Grand Jury believes that the Los Angeles City Council may have relied on inaccurate response time data2 in making its budget reduction decision. The Grand Jury also found that LAFD does not utilize its resources to its best advantage. To be specific, the Grand Jury urges that LAFD’s funding be restored, that its engine companies be reinstated, it incorpo- rate civilian call handlers, use a non-proprietary Emergency Medical Dispatch protocol and up- date technical equipment.
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9 B. The County Must Establish a Separate Crisis Line As stated previously, some 80% of calls to the Hotline come from mandated reporters. It is thought that excessive caution drives these calls. If a mandated reporter even suspects child abuse, it is better for that person to call than not to call. No one will get into “on-the-job trouble” for calling, whereas one might have significant liability if the purported abuse is ignored. The solution may lie in San Francisco’s approach. It has a separate crisis line and not every call goes through its equivalent to the Hotline. According to those Hotline employees interviewed, some calls come from foster parents who simply are in the midst of a family crisis or who need information. The Hotline does make referrals to a 211 (information line), but a separate crisis line might be a valuable and cost-effective option based on feedback from the Torrance regional office. The County’s 211 system has a strong reputation for its ability to make appropriate re- sponses so a well-advertised separate information line would be a worthwhile idea. 8 Department of Children and Family and Family Services, Executive Committee Reports, Data as of October 9, 2012 (pages IV-D-5) 9 CSIU Report, p.7. 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT 27 FOSTER CARE HOTLINE C. There is a Need to Eliminate Certain Calls from the Hotline In addition to removing non-crisis or general information calls from the system, an effort should be made to minimize or eliminate calls involving AWOLs or “re-placements.” The AWOLs are children who are unaccounted for, such as runaways. Re-placements are children in the system who are being moved from one foster home to another. These children are already in the system and their situation has to be monitored, but the Hotline is not seen as the best option to do this. Consequently, there should be a separate phone number for foster parents to call instead of the Hotline. For example, a foster parent with a problem foster child may need another foster parent colleague to talk to, but the Hotline surely is not the best place to do so. Again, other lines are needed so as to free up the Hotline for real emergencies. D. Hotline’s Best Employees Must Be Rewarded The Grand Jury believes that there must be a way to provide additional compensation to the very effective, efficient and productive workers at the Hotline. Call handlers who are efficient and effective, and handle a large number of calls should be re- warded for their performance. Ineffective and inefficient employees and those who are placed in the Hotline because they did not perform adequately elsewhere should be removed. The Hotline is too critical to be staffed by the “walking wounded.” Of course, the union that represents the CSWs must be engaged in the process and the civil service rules must be honored The Grand Jury is also aware of this finding from the CSIU’s 2012 report, “DCFS should ex- plore expanding the qualifications for social workers to include a broader range of educational backgrounds and types of experience.”10 This simply means the “what happened?” part of the investigation is of primary importance. Persons with experience and background in soliciting in- formation quickly and accurately, such as those with a police background, must be employed in this specialized area. The gathering of information in the first instance colors the whole process. It must be done by persons with the ability to do the task correctly, efficiently and effectively. E. Senior Managers and Regional Workers Need to Witness Actual Calls As the report from CSIU indicates, the Hotline and its work is probably the most important as- pect of the business of reducing child abuse and neglect.11 The ultimate result of DCFS’ in- volvement with a family cannot be good if its investigation starts off with misinformation or a lack of direction. “Good decisions cannot be made without good information.”12 If this task is as important as the CSIU report indicates, senior management has to be totally in- volved. Put senior management on the line. Having a call supervisor on call duty for a day or two 10 CSIU Report, p.2. 11 Ibid., pp. 9, 12. 12 Ibid., p. 12. 28 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT FOSTER CARE HOTLINE each month would enable them to clearly gauge the current situations. Top management must make the Hotline a priority. Another possibility would be to have CSWs from the field come in for a turn at the Hotline. If the field workers could see exactly how the Hotline actually works, then the CSWs from the field would be able to see the difficulties inherent in the system and, perhaps, allow for referrals that may seem unimportant. F. The County Needs to Reduce the Number of Policies Hotline staff members have informed the Grand Jury that employees at the Hotline must be aware of “everything,” from the federal rules to the latest county policy statements. Does the staff get sufficient training? The Grand Jury understands that eight weeks of training is offered. Consideration should be given to expand training and/or staggered multiple training sessions. Moreover, the number of policies and procedures in place is simply too great. As the CSIU Re- port indicates, there seems to be a policy for everything, including a seven-page dissertation on how to handle non-English speakers. The number of policy pages totals 4364, according to the CSIU report, at pages 24-25. This number has to be decreased as the amount of information is more than any person can handle. If nothing else, DCFS should establish a program by which its “cumbersome and voluminous” policies and procedures may be quickly accessed. This is similar to a recommendation made in the CSIU Report, at pages 24-26. The DCFS Must Reduce Its Number of Referrals And Make Its Work More Efficient A. Referrals Take a Great Deal of Work-Hours Since the Hotline receives too many calls, its problems are compounded by the fact that the sys- tem generates too many referrals. For example, during the 2011-2012 fiscal year reporting peri- od, there were 165,442 referrals in L.A. County equating to about 11,000 to 15,000 per month resulting in about 24,867 case openings per year, equating to 1,600 to 2,200 per month yielding 10,275 removals per year of the child from the home.13 Staff has noted that each referral gener- ates an investigation which takes a minimum of 30 hours of work. Referrals tend to multiply. A call that references the alleged abuse or neglect of one child in a home will often lead to ques- tions about other children in the home, to other adults who live in the home or adults who regu- larly visit the home or family. Nonetheless, as the CSIU report noted at p. 16, approximately one-half of all referrals are deemed to be “unfounded.” Another issue, as noted above, is that most calls come from mandated reporters, amounting to approximately 80% of the calls received. It is understood that a majority of these calls come 13 Department of Children and Family and Family Services, Executive Committee Reports, Data as of October 9, 2012 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT 29 FOSTER CARE HOTLINE from schools. Naturally, these types of calls will never be seen as “crank calls.” They have to be investigated, so a referral is generated; therefore, the system builds on itself. Abuse referrals amount to about half of the calls that come in and the other half are for neglect. They must be cross-referenced to the local law enforcement agency. While this has to be done, more strain on the workload and more paperwork is generated. Fear again drives much of the system. For example, it is unlikely any person working the Hot- line will ever get into trouble for making a referral. This may be why some of those interviewed say 80% of all calls lead to a referral. In many counties, the number of referrals is more in the vicinity of 60-70% of all calls, according to information obtained from a former senior official at DCFS. Another possibility would be to use the State guidelines as opposed to the County guidelines. According to staff interviews, the State’s guidelines are more accommodating and would neces- sarily lead to fewer emergency referrals and create less stress on the regional offices. This is be- cause, as the Grand Jury learned from one of its interviews, that the State requires an immediate response to be accomplished within 24 hours as opposed to the County requirement that an im- mediate response be made before the work day is over. It is understood by the Grand Jury that this is not a popular idea with many staff, who prefer the County’s more demanding “immediate response” protocol, but it should be done in order to reduce the stress inherent in the work. B. The SDM tool must be modified DCFS uses a software tool known as “SDM” in its decision and urgency/immediate response process. SDM provides guidance to the CSW taking a call as to how quickly to respond to the information at hand, but it is seen as focusing on or leading to referrals. If one goes through the SDM process, a referral is usually created. The CSW handling the call does have discretion to override the SDM result, but why do so? SDM said to do it. Why take a chance? The answer has to be that a CSW’s common sense, experience, and knowledge regarding the response decision have to be respected. The CSWs are trained and that training has to be more than how to follow a checklist. The CWS/CMS is the statewide system for tracking child abuse and neglect. The County uses all of this information in its effort to deal with this terrible problem, but it is a time-consuming process. According to Hotline employees, other counties (albeit smaller counties) use only a portion of the CWS/CMS to track problems, but Los Angeles, despite its tremendous workload, uses it all. The Grand Jury observed that this entire process involves a climate of fear. Fear of lawsuits, fear of being the one CSW who failed to do a referral in a case that subsequently turned into a horri- ble situation or even a case that surfaces years later. No one wants to be faced with the question, “Why didn’t you do more?” Therefore, the system generates more referrals, based on more calls, leading to greater stress. C. Report-Writing Takes Too Long 30 2012-2013 LOS ANGELES COUNTY CIVIL GRAND JURY REPORT FOSTER CARE HOTLINE Writing the description portion of the CWS/CMS is a problem in that it often takes too long. A 15-minute phone call often generates a report that requires 45 minutes to complete according to a Hotline worker. During that time, the CSW is writing the report and not available to field calls. Even with the best workers and best software tool, the documented referral may not be 100% correct. Employees in the field have pointed out to the Grand Jury that if the Hotline generates a referral that goes out to a regional office, it is difficult to reverse. A supervisor at the local office level has to be willing to make the request and to fight for the reversal. He/she also has to be able to get through to the person at the Hotline who generated the referral to convince that person to make the change. Referrals do tend to multiply, with “follow-ups” and “open” investigations. Interviews with staff indicate that most referrals lead to a minimum of 30-40 hours of work. The initial caller has to be contacted, of course, but the family, neighbors, school officials, etc. will need to be addressed. A referral casts a wide net. The Grand Jury thinks that cases stay open too long and the system is overwhelmed with cases. Nonetheless, the number of actual removals from the home is about six per cent of calls that are received. As noted above, thousands of referrals (180,000 or so per year) are made with approx- imately 10,000 children actually removed from their homes and placed in foster care. The num- ber, of course, is a huge number standing by itself, but stands as a relative few when compared to the total number of calls received. It is clearly desirable to take remedial action to alleviate the situation and allow the child to remain in the home. D. An Effort Must Be Made To Regionalize the System

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