⚠️ Aviso de traducción: Este contenido ha sido traducido automáticamente. El texto original en inglés es la versión oficial. La traducción puede contener errores.
⚠️ Este contenido ha sido traducido automáticamente. El texto original en inglés es la versión oficial. La traducción puede contener errores.
Findings and Recommendations 9 findings
F1
State Senate Bill 19, partly amended by the California Childhood Obesity Prevention Act, authorized school districts to establish a Child Nutrition and Physical Activity Committee to help coordinate functions and activities that address students’ obesity problems.
Related Recommendations (1)
R1
Each Orange County school district establish a Child Nutrition and Physical Activity Committee to help coordinate functions and activities that address students’ obesity problems. (Finding 1)
F2
All food and beverages prepared by school food services in Orange County schools, or supplied under contract by outside vendors and served on the school campuses, are regulated by federal and state requirements.
Related Recommendations (1)
R2
School districts in Orange County continue to ensure that food and beverages served on school campuses meet federal and state requirements. (Finding 2)
F3
A study in Poway has shown that the greatest improvement in the physical fitness of students occurred when the physical education program was supervised by a Physical Education Specialist.
Related Recommendations (1)
R3
Orange County school districts appoint nutrition and physical education specialists who can train classroom teachers in the essentials of their specialties. (Finding 3)
F4
The Newport-Mesa Unified School District, under the guidance of competent nutritional specialists, has developed menus of healthful food that the students are eager to purchase and consume.
Related Recommendations (1)
R4
Newport-Mesa Unified School District continue to offer healthful school meals that are appealing and appetizing to the student population, and offer guidance on menu planning to other school districts that request assistance. (Finding 4)
F5
Various government grants are available to the schools to help finance and improve the schools’ nutrition and physical education programs.
Related Recommendations (1)
R5
Orange County school districts apply for state and federal grants available for improving physical education and nutrition programs. (Finding 5)
F6
Most school districts, faced with budgetary cuts and greater priority on higher academic standards, have gradually decreased their emphasis on physical education.
Related Recommendations (1)
R6
Orange County school districts make available their playgrounds and outdoor facilities before and after school hours for their students under the supervision of interested faculty members and parents. (Finding 6)
F7
Food items provided by the schools’ food services are not labeled with their caloric values and nutritional composition; nor is such information posted in the food-serving area.
Related Recommendations (1)
R7
Orange County school districts ensure that either food items sold on their campuses be labeled with the caloric values and nutritional composition or that such information be posted in the food-serving areas. (Finding 7) 13
F8
Body Mass Index is not fully utilized as an assessment tool by schools’ nutrition and physical education programs, but is used as appropriate by school nurses for clinical purposes.
Related Recommendations (1)
R8
Orange County school districts incorporate instruction on the Body Mass Index into the nutrition and physical education programs and encourage students to share this information with their families. (Finding 8)
F9
Santa Ana Unified School District has instituted a nutrition counseling and education program to teach healthful eating habits to students and their parents. Responses to Findings 1, 2, 3 and 5 through 8 are requested from the Superintendents of Schools of all school districts in Orange County. A response to Finding 4 is requested from the Superintendent of the Newport- Mesa Unified School District. A response to Finding 9 is requested from the Superintendent of the Santa Ana Unified School District.
Related Recommendations (1)
R9
Santa Ana Unified School District expand its nutrition counseling and education program to all grades, and offer guidance on replicating this program to other school districts that request assistance. (Finding 9) Responses to Recommendations 1, 2, 3 and 5 through 8 are requested from the Superintendents of Schools of all school districts in Orange County. A response to Recommendation 4 is requested from the Superintendent of the Newport-Mesa Unified School District. A response to Recommendation 9 is requested from the Superintendent of the Santa Ana Unified School District.
Commendations 23
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CM1Sothern, M.S., Gordon, S.T., “Prevention of Obesity in Young Children: A Critical Challenge for Medical Professionals,” Clinical Pediatrics. 42: 101-111, March 2003.
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CM2Butte, N.F. “The Role of Breast Feeding in Obesity,” Pediatric Clinic of North America. Vol. 48, No. 1: 189-198, March 2001.
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CM3Whitaker, R.C., Pepe, M.S., Wright, J.A., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H. “Early Adiposity Rebound and the Risk of Adult Obesity,” Pediatrics. 101 (3). E5, March 1998.
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CM4Knittle, J.L., Timmers, K., et al. “Growth of Adipose Tissue in Children and Adolescents,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, 63 (2): 239-246, February 1979. 14. “How Much Energy Does It Take?”, http://sportsmedicine.about.com 15. Dietz, W.H. “Critical Periods in Childhood for Development of Obesity,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59: 955-959, 1994.
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CM5Bessesen, D.H. “Symposium: Future Directions in Weight Control: Molecular and Genetic Discoveries Pave the Way,” Post Graduate Medicine, Vol. 114, No. 6, December 2003.
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CM6Torday, J.S., Sun, H., Wang, L., et al. “Leptin Mediates the Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Paracrine Stimulation of Fetal Lung Maturation,” American Journal of Physiology. 2002-282: 1405-1410. 16 18. Report prepared by the Center for Food and Justice, Urban and Environment Policy Institute, Occidental College. “Challenging the Soda Companies — The Los Angeles Unified School District Soda Ban,” September 2002.
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CM7Report to Congress from the USDA. “Foods Sold in Competition with USDA School Meal Program,” 2001. 20. “Health Fast Foods, Nutrition and Caloric Facts for Kids,” March 4, 2004, www.kidsource.com 21. “Childhood Obesity,” Sept. 1, 2003, www.kidsource.com 22. Kemper, V. “New Priorities Leave P.E., Obese Children Behind,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. 15, 2003.
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CM8Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Healthy People 2010: 22, Physical Activity and Fitness, undated.
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CM9Young, J.C. National Standards for Physical Education. Eric Digest. “Why Should Physical Education be Taught in the Schools?” 03-00- 1997.
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CM10Lee, L., Kumar, S., Leong, L.C. “The Impact of Five Month Basic Military Training on the Body Weight and Body Fat of 197 Moderately to Severely Obese Singaporean Males Age 17 to 19 Years,” International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, Journal of International Association for the Study of Obesity. 18 (2): 105-9, February 1994.
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CM11Slentz, C.A., et al. “Effects of the Amount of Exercise on Body Weight, Body Composition and Measures of Central Obesity,” Arch. of Internal Medicine, Vol. 164: 31-39, Jan. 12, 2004.
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CM12“Obesity: Cellular Warriors at the Battle of the Bulge,” Science, Vol. 299, February 2003, No. 5608: pp. 846-849.
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CM13Orange County Progress Report 2003. Center for Demographic Research.
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CM14Moran, R. “Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity,” American Family Physician, July 5, 2003, American Academy of Family Physicians. 4. “BMI for Children and Teens,” April 8, 2003, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
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CM15Styne, D.M. “Childhood and Adolescent Study – Prevalence and Signifi- cance,” Pediatric Clinic of North America, Vol. 114, No. 4, August 2001.
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CM16Wade, A.J., Marut, M., Round, J.M. “Muscle Fiber Type and Etiology of Obesity,” Lancet. 335: 805-8, 1990.
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CM17Weinsier, R.L., Hunter, G.R., et al. “The Etiology of Obesity: Relative Contribution of Metabolic Factors, Diet and Physical Activity,” American Journal of Medicine. Vol. 105: 145-150, August 1998.
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CM18Dietz, W.H., Bellizi, M.C. Introduction, “The Use of Body Mass Index to Assess Obesity in Children,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Suppl): 1135-1253.
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CM19Sallis, J.F., McKenjie, T.L., Alvaraz, J.E. “The Efforts of a 2-Year Physical Education Program (SPARK) on Physical Activity and Fitness in Elementary School Students,” American Journal of Public Health, 87 (8): 1328-1334, 1997.
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CM20Dietz, W.H. “Critical Periods in Childhood for Development of Obesity,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59: 955-959, 1994.
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CM21Report prepared by the Center for Food and Justice, Urban and Environment Policy Institute, Occidental College. “Challenging the Soda Companies — The Los Angeles Unified School District Soda Ban,” September 2002.
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CM22Kemper, V. “New Priorities Leave P.E., Obese Children Behind,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. 15, 2003.
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CM23Ekelund, U., Aman, J., et al. “Physical Activity But Not Energy Expenditure Reduced in Obese Adolescents: A Case Control Study,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76: 935-41, November 2002. 17
Agency Responses 23
Government agencies' official responses to this report's findings and recommendations. Click on a response to see the structured breakdown.