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Findings and Recommendations 31 findings
F01
Cultural changes in the United States, with respect to the way persons with mental illness were treated and housed, increased the likelihood that persons with mental illness would not be isolated from at-large communities and would come into contact with law enforcement. (FA-01–05)
No recommendations for this finding
F02
County law enforcement sought methods to deal with increased OISs, and specifically those which involved the mentally ill and appeared, in hindsight, to have been avoidable. (FA-07)
No recommendations for this finding
F03
The seminal CIT program was the Memphis model developed in 1988 partly ―. . . as a result of a police shooting incident involving a person with a mental illness. . . .‖ (FA-08) [Ref-03]
No recommendations for this finding
F04
County law enforcement selected the ―specialized police-based program‖ developed with the collaboration of Behavioral Health—which is the Memphis model. (FA-11, 14)
No recommendations for this finding
F05
The collaborative effort of County law enforcement and Behavioral Health produced a unique comprehensive County CIT 40-hour program modeled, in large part, on the Memphis model. (FA-14) Crisis Intervention Team 5
No recommendations for this finding
F06
The Memphis model calls for CIT training of 20% of deputies and senior deputies working patrol assignments. (FA-08, 12)
No recommendations for this finding
F07
The availability of trained CIT officers of participating County law enforcement agencies provides the ability to far exceed the recommended Memphis model of 20%. (FA-15, 16)
No recommendations for this finding
F08
Due to the high percentage of CIT trained officers in the County, it is likely the responder will be CIT trained. (FA-15, 16, 18)
No recommendations for this finding
F09
Some mentally ill people incur repeated police interaction and are known to CIT members, and they know CIT members. Repetitious crisis callers are often also known to 911 call takers. (FA-21, 26)
No recommendations for this finding
F10
All dispatch centers have lists of officers who are CIT trained. Except for one center (Simi Valley), officers’ CIT training is not reflected on dispatch screens. (FA-23, 27)
Related Recommendations (1)
R01
All County dispatch centers identify officer’s CIT status on their 911 displays with other specialized training. (FI-10) Responses Responses Required From: City Council, City of Oxnard (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Port Hueneme (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of San Buenaventura (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Santa Paula (FI-10) (R-01) Ventura County Sheriff (FI-10) (R-01) For Information Only: Ventura County Probation Agency City Council, City of Simi Valley Commendations County law enforcement agencies are to be highly commended for this innovative policing program. In many cases this program will protect both the mentally ill and responding officers from potential violence and death, and will also facilitate a diversion function for distressed individuals. Crisis Intervention Team References Ref-01. Kelly, Timothy A., Ph.D., BG1522ES: A Policymaker’s Guide to Mental Illness (2007) http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/BG1522ES.cfm (accessed May 9, 2012) Ref-02. Corner, Gary. ―People with Mental Illness.‖ Guide No.40 (2006)‖ http://www.popcenter.org/problems/mental_illness/print/ (accessed May 18, 2012) Compton, Michael T. et al. ―A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs.‖ Journal of the Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online.‖ (2008) http://jaapl.org/content/36/1/47.full (accessed March 21, 2012) Ref-03. Alvarez, Fred. ―A Community Says Goodbye: The Closing of Camarillo State Hospital; Some Ex-Patients Thrive on Outside, Others Struggle.‖ Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1997. Ventura County Section. http://psychtechs.net/pages/indexes.cgi?idxcatid=23&idxid=7872 (accessed May 18, 2012) Ref-04. Wikipedia. Camarillo State Mental Hospital, May 12, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarillo_State_Mental_Hospital (accessed May 12, 2012) Ref-05. Von Quednow, Cindy. ―Local Ventura County crisis intervention program hosts Orange County officials.‖ Ventura County Star. October 8, 2011. http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/08/ventura-county-crisis- intervention-program-hosts/ (accessed March 23, 2012) Ref-06. Weiner, Janet, et al. ―Military veteran mortality following a survived suicide attempt.‖ BMC Public Health 2011, pp. 1–11. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/374 (accessed May 13, 2012) Ref-07. CA Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations. Executive Summary, The Future of California Corrections, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/2012plan/docs/plan/exec-summary.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012) Ref-08. Ventura County Probation Agency. CalRealignment Org. Ventura County Plan September 27, 2011. http://www.calrealignment.org/county- implementation/list-of-county-plans.html (accessed May 20, 2012) Attachments Att-01. A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Att-02. CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 7 Glossary TERM DEFINITION 911 Call Center A communication center where emergency calls for service are received and dispatched At-large communities Communities where the populace is unrestricted in movement and social intercourse Behavioral Health Ventura County Behavioral Health Department Call taker Person in a dispatch center who receives incoming calls and refers the call to a dispatcher CIT Crisis Intervention Team County Ventura County Crisis call(s) A call to a 911 dispatch center identified by the call taker as likely to involve a mentally ill person Crisis-dispatch actions Steps taken in a dispatch center when a crisis call is received Dispatcher Person in a dispatch center who informs response resources of the nature and location of an incident requiring a response Grand Jury, Jury 2011–2012 Ventura County Grand Jury Memphis model The 1988 seminal CIT concept and inception of CIT Mental illness ―[B]iopsychosocial brain disorder characterized by dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors that meet diagnostic criteria‖ MOA Memorandum of Agreement, specifically the ―Ventura County Law Enforcement, Crisis Intervention Team Memorandum of Agreement‖ MOU Memorandum of Understanding, specifically between Ventura County Behavioral Health Department and the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office for Crisis Intervention Team Academy Services OIS or OISs Officer involved shooting(s) 8 Crisis Intervention Team TERM DEFINITION Oxnard PD City of Oxnard Police Department Sheriff Ventura County Sheriff Ventura PD City of San Buenaventura Police Department Crisis Intervention Team 9 This page intentionally blank 10 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 01 A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Crisis Intervention Team 11 This page intentionally blank 12 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 13 14 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 15 16 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 17 18 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 19 20 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 21 22 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 02 CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 23 This page intentionally blank 24 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 25 26 Crisis Intervention Team
F11
The 911 dispatchers are often able to de-escalate a crisis using CIT techniques pending arrival of the dispatched police unit. (FA-22, 24)
No recommendations for this finding
F12
Probation utilizes CIT trained personnel as field officers—carrying mental health caseloads—and at its juvenile facilities, where the County’s juvenile detainees are housed. (FA-28–30) Recommendation
No recommendations for this finding
F13
The point of origination of CIT in the County was the collaboration among the Sheriff, the Oxnard PD, the Ventura PD, and Behavioral Health.
No recommendations for this finding
F14
The collaborative effort of County law enforcement and Behavioral Health produced a unique comprehensive County CIT 40-hour program modeled, in large part, on the Memphis model.
No recommendations for this finding
F15
Though CIT training began in December of 2001, the countywide effort was documented in a MOA in 2004. The following are the current data by jurisdiction: Sheriff’s Department; 722 officers, 258 CIT trained (36%) Port Hueneme PD; 24 officers, 23 trained (96%) Oxnard PD; 231 officers, 121 trained (52%) Santa Paula PD; 28 officers, 21 trained (75%) Simi Valley PD; 117 officers, 78 trained (67%) Ventura PD; 121 officers, 57 trained (47%)
No recommendations for this finding
F16
The availability of trained CIT officers of participating County law enforcement agencies provides the ability to far exceed the recommended Memphis model of 20%.
No recommendations for this finding
F17
Responses to emergency calls are made by the nearest available officer.
No recommendations for this finding
F18
Due to the high percentage of CIT trained officers in the County, it is likely the responder will be CIT trained.
No recommendations for this finding
F19
In practice, the first responder will evaluate the situation and, if considered necessary, will call for a CIT officer to be dispatched to the scene.
No recommendations for this finding
F20
CIT officers wear CIT identity emblems on their uniform.
No recommendations for this finding
F21
Some mentally ill people incur repeated police interaction and are known to CIT members, and they know CIT members.
No recommendations for this finding
F22
All County 911 dispatch centers have CIT trained dispatch staff.
No recommendations for this finding
F23
All dispatch centers have lists of officers who are CIT trained. However, with the exception of one center (Simi Valley), an officer’s CIT training status is not displayed on the dispatchers’ screens. Crisis Intervention Team
Related Recommendations (1)
R01
All County dispatch centers identify officer’s CIT status on their 911 displays with other specialized training. (FI-10) Responses Responses Required From: City Council, City of Oxnard (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Port Hueneme (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of San Buenaventura (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Santa Paula (FI-10) (R-01) Ventura County Sheriff (FI-10) (R-01) For Information Only: Ventura County Probation Agency City Council, City of Simi Valley Commendations County law enforcement agencies are to be highly commended for this innovative policing program. In many cases this program will protect both the mentally ill and responding officers from potential violence and death, and will also facilitate a diversion function for distressed individuals. Crisis Intervention Team References Ref-01. Kelly, Timothy A., Ph.D., BG1522ES: A Policymaker’s Guide to Mental Illness (2007) http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/BG1522ES.cfm (accessed May 9, 2012) Ref-02. Corner, Gary. ―People with Mental Illness.‖ Guide No.40 (2006)‖ http://www.popcenter.org/problems/mental_illness/print/ (accessed May 18, 2012) Compton, Michael T. et al. ―A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs.‖ Journal of the Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online.‖ (2008) http://jaapl.org/content/36/1/47.full (accessed March 21, 2012) Ref-03. Alvarez, Fred. ―A Community Says Goodbye: The Closing of Camarillo State Hospital; Some Ex-Patients Thrive on Outside, Others Struggle.‖ Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1997. Ventura County Section. http://psychtechs.net/pages/indexes.cgi?idxcatid=23&idxid=7872 (accessed May 18, 2012) Ref-04. Wikipedia. Camarillo State Mental Hospital, May 12, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarillo_State_Mental_Hospital (accessed May 12, 2012) Ref-05. Von Quednow, Cindy. ―Local Ventura County crisis intervention program hosts Orange County officials.‖ Ventura County Star. October 8, 2011. http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/08/ventura-county-crisis- intervention-program-hosts/ (accessed March 23, 2012) Ref-06. Weiner, Janet, et al. ―Military veteran mortality following a survived suicide attempt.‖ BMC Public Health 2011, pp. 1–11. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/374 (accessed May 13, 2012) Ref-07. CA Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations. Executive Summary, The Future of California Corrections, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/2012plan/docs/plan/exec-summary.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012) Ref-08. Ventura County Probation Agency. CalRealignment Org. Ventura County Plan September 27, 2011. http://www.calrealignment.org/county- implementation/list-of-county-plans.html (accessed May 20, 2012) Attachments Att-01. A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Att-02. CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 7 Glossary TERM DEFINITION 911 Call Center A communication center where emergency calls for service are received and dispatched At-large communities Communities where the populace is unrestricted in movement and social intercourse Behavioral Health Ventura County Behavioral Health Department Call taker Person in a dispatch center who receives incoming calls and refers the call to a dispatcher CIT Crisis Intervention Team County Ventura County Crisis call(s) A call to a 911 dispatch center identified by the call taker as likely to involve a mentally ill person Crisis-dispatch actions Steps taken in a dispatch center when a crisis call is received Dispatcher Person in a dispatch center who informs response resources of the nature and location of an incident requiring a response Grand Jury, Jury 2011–2012 Ventura County Grand Jury Memphis model The 1988 seminal CIT concept and inception of CIT Mental illness ―[B]iopsychosocial brain disorder characterized by dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors that meet diagnostic criteria‖ MOA Memorandum of Agreement, specifically the ―Ventura County Law Enforcement, Crisis Intervention Team Memorandum of Agreement‖ MOU Memorandum of Understanding, specifically between Ventura County Behavioral Health Department and the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office for Crisis Intervention Team Academy Services OIS or OISs Officer involved shooting(s) 8 Crisis Intervention Team TERM DEFINITION Oxnard PD City of Oxnard Police Department Sheriff Ventura County Sheriff Ventura PD City of San Buenaventura Police Department Crisis Intervention Team 9 This page intentionally blank 10 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 01 A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Crisis Intervention Team 11 This page intentionally blank 12 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 13 14 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 15 16 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 17 18 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 19 20 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 21 22 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 02 CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 23 This page intentionally blank 24 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 25 26 Crisis Intervention Team
F24
Many 911 dispatchers are often able to de-escalate a crisis using CIT techniques pending arrival of the dispatched police unit.
No recommendations for this finding
F25
Dispatchers who identify mental health calls keep the caller on the line to update and advise the responding unit.
No recommendations for this finding
F26
Repetitious crisis callers are often also well-known to 911 call takers.
No recommendations for this finding
F27
On-duty patrol officers are identified on the dispatcher’s screen, but their CIT training is not indicated (except for Simi Valley)—though several other special qualifications are displayed.
Related Recommendations (1)
R01
All County dispatch centers identify officer’s CIT status on their 911 displays with other specialized training. (FI-10) Responses Responses Required From: City Council, City of Oxnard (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Port Hueneme (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of San Buenaventura (FI-10) (R-01) City Council, City of Santa Paula (FI-10) (R-01) Ventura County Sheriff (FI-10) (R-01) For Information Only: Ventura County Probation Agency City Council, City of Simi Valley Commendations County law enforcement agencies are to be highly commended for this innovative policing program. In many cases this program will protect both the mentally ill and responding officers from potential violence and death, and will also facilitate a diversion function for distressed individuals. Crisis Intervention Team References Ref-01. Kelly, Timothy A., Ph.D., BG1522ES: A Policymaker’s Guide to Mental Illness (2007) http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/BG1522ES.cfm (accessed May 9, 2012) Ref-02. Corner, Gary. ―People with Mental Illness.‖ Guide No.40 (2006)‖ http://www.popcenter.org/problems/mental_illness/print/ (accessed May 18, 2012) Compton, Michael T. et al. ―A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs.‖ Journal of the Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online.‖ (2008) http://jaapl.org/content/36/1/47.full (accessed March 21, 2012) Ref-03. Alvarez, Fred. ―A Community Says Goodbye: The Closing of Camarillo State Hospital; Some Ex-Patients Thrive on Outside, Others Struggle.‖ Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1997. Ventura County Section. http://psychtechs.net/pages/indexes.cgi?idxcatid=23&idxid=7872 (accessed May 18, 2012) Ref-04. Wikipedia. Camarillo State Mental Hospital, May 12, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarillo_State_Mental_Hospital (accessed May 12, 2012) Ref-05. Von Quednow, Cindy. ―Local Ventura County crisis intervention program hosts Orange County officials.‖ Ventura County Star. October 8, 2011. http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/08/ventura-county-crisis- intervention-program-hosts/ (accessed March 23, 2012) Ref-06. Weiner, Janet, et al. ―Military veteran mortality following a survived suicide attempt.‖ BMC Public Health 2011, pp. 1–11. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/374 (accessed May 13, 2012) Ref-07. CA Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations. Executive Summary, The Future of California Corrections, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/2012plan/docs/plan/exec-summary.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012) Ref-08. Ventura County Probation Agency. CalRealignment Org. Ventura County Plan September 27, 2011. http://www.calrealignment.org/county- implementation/list-of-county-plans.html (accessed May 20, 2012) Attachments Att-01. A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Att-02. CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 7 Glossary TERM DEFINITION 911 Call Center A communication center where emergency calls for service are received and dispatched At-large communities Communities where the populace is unrestricted in movement and social intercourse Behavioral Health Ventura County Behavioral Health Department Call taker Person in a dispatch center who receives incoming calls and refers the call to a dispatcher CIT Crisis Intervention Team County Ventura County Crisis call(s) A call to a 911 dispatch center identified by the call taker as likely to involve a mentally ill person Crisis-dispatch actions Steps taken in a dispatch center when a crisis call is received Dispatcher Person in a dispatch center who informs response resources of the nature and location of an incident requiring a response Grand Jury, Jury 2011–2012 Ventura County Grand Jury Memphis model The 1988 seminal CIT concept and inception of CIT Mental illness ―[B]iopsychosocial brain disorder characterized by dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors that meet diagnostic criteria‖ MOA Memorandum of Agreement, specifically the ―Ventura County Law Enforcement, Crisis Intervention Team Memorandum of Agreement‖ MOU Memorandum of Understanding, specifically between Ventura County Behavioral Health Department and the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office for Crisis Intervention Team Academy Services OIS or OISs Officer involved shooting(s) 8 Crisis Intervention Team TERM DEFINITION Oxnard PD City of Oxnard Police Department Sheriff Ventura County Sheriff Ventura PD City of San Buenaventura Police Department Crisis Intervention Team 9 This page intentionally blank 10 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 01 A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs Crisis Intervention Team 11 This page intentionally blank 12 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 13 14 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 15 16 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 17 18 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 19 20 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 21 22 Crisis Intervention Team Attachment 02 CIT Program–Benefits Statement Crisis Intervention Team 23 This page intentionally blank 24 Crisis Intervention Team Crisis Intervention Team 25 26 Crisis Intervention Team
F28
The County Probation Agency (Probation), though not a signatory to the MOA, understands the importance of CIT and has some officers CIT trained.
No recommendations for this finding
F29
Probation utilizes CIT trained personnel as field officers—carrying mental health caseloads—and at its juvenile facility, where the County’s juvenile detainees are housed.
No recommendations for this finding
F30
Probation personnel, CIT trained, at the juvenile facility augment on-site Behavioral Health staff to work with distressed juveniles.
No recommendations for this finding
F31
The County CIT program has been successful for a number of reasons. It is respected and valued by the share-holders as well as the citizenry most likely to be well served by CIT policing methods—mentally ill citizens and their families—and enhances the safety of responders. [Ref-03] (Att-01, 02) Findings
No recommendations for this finding
Commendations 2
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CM1 Page 8County law enforcement agencies are to be highly commended for this innovative policing program. In many cases this program will protect both the mentally ill and responding officers from potential violence and death, and will also facilitate a diversion function for distressed individuals. 6 Crisis Intervention Team
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CM2 Page 9References Ref-01. Kelly, Timothy A., Ph.D., BG1522ES: A Policymaker’s Guide to Mental Illness (2007) http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/BG1522ES.cfm (accessed May 9, 2012) Ref-02. Corner, Gary. ―People with Mental Illness.‖ Guide No.40 (2006)‖ http://www.popcenter.org/problems/mental_illness/print/ (accessed May 18, 2012) Compton, Michael T. et al. ―A Comprehensive Review of Extant Research on Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs.‖ Journal of the Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online.‖ (2008) http://jaapl.org/content/36/1/47.full (accessed March 21, 2012) Ref-03. Alvarez, Fred. ―A Community Says Goodbye: The Closing of Camarillo State Hospital; Some Ex-Patients Thrive on Outside, Others Struggle.‖ Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1997. Ventura County Section. http://psychtechs.net/pages/indexes.cgi?idxcatid=23&idxid=7872 (accessed May 18, 2012) Ref-04. Wikipedia. Camarillo State Mental Hospital, May 12, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarillo_State_Mental_Hospital (accessed May 12, 2012) Ref-05. Von Quednow, Cindy. ―Local Ventura County crisis intervention program hosts Orange County officials.‖ Ventura County Star. October 8, 2011. http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/08/ventura-county-crisis- intervention-program-hosts/ (accessed March 23, 2012) Ref-06. Weiner, Janet, et al. ―Military veteran mortality following a survived suicide attempt.‖ BMC Public Health 2011, pp. 1–11. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/374 (accessed May 13, 2012) Ref-07. CA Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations. Executive Summary, The Future of California Corrections, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/2012plan/docs/plan/exec-summary.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012) Ref-08. Ventura County Probation Agency. CalRealignment Org. Ventura County Plan September 27, 2011. http://www.calrealignment.org/county- implementation/list-of-county-plans.html (accessed May 20, 2012)
Agency Responses 3
Government agencies' official responses to this report's findings and recommendations. Click on a response to see the structured breakdown.
No Responses Found 2
Government entities assigned to respond to this report. No response documents have been linked in our database.
San Buenaventura
City
Santa Paula
City